University of California Riverside Dietary Supplements Vitamins Discussion

The Underdiagnosis of Mental Health Disorders

Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp What makes mental disorders overdiagnosed? How can we, as a society, define a mental disorder? And what dictates a mental disorder? A mental disorder is a condition that affects one’s mood, thinking, and behavior. This, in today’s society, a social stigma and discrimination has worsened towards mental health and has impeded on treatment and recovery. The social isolation of mental health problems can cause one to be stuck in a constant cycle of illness. This event leads to the diagnosis of mental disorders and how as a society they are defined. An uncertainty of over or under diagnosis of mental disorders is a problem that needs to be solved for a better understanding of the condition. In this paper, I will discuss how mental disorders have been underdiagnosed through the exploration of research that begins to look beyond the surface of stigma and discrimination. Even, I consider the influence of social and cultural diversity, in regards, to the rights of the mental health consumer. Before the analysis of looking into the overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of mental disorder, first, we have to look at how mental disorder is defined; not only now, but throughout its history. This event is important because it gives an understanding and sense of how mental disorder is treated in social and cultural diversity and its connection to mental health consumers. In order to look into the history of mental disorder, the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) allows for a standard definition and classification of mental disorders to look to improve diagnosis, treatment, and research. The need for a standard definition and classification of mental disorders has been needed throughout mental health history, however, the universal understanding of what is a mental disorder is not fully in agreement. A method of agreement towards mental disorders has been developed throughout history by the DSM, but there is always room for improvements in regard to mental health. Beginning in 2000, the DSM-5 has been lead by a group of researchers to create a summary of the state of mental disorders and their diagnosis. The analysis and emphasis of, the DSM-5 begins to look beyond the definition and classification of mental disorders, and determining if they are being overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. The common goal of, the DSM-5 is the evaluation of the diagnosis criteria of mental disorders, and the organization of the revision process. It states in, DSM-5, “the reliable diagnoses are essential for guiding treatment recommendations, identifying prevalence rates for mental health service planning, identifying patient groups for clinical and basic research, and documenting important public health information.”[1] This shows shows that the understanding of mental disorders have evolved, both medically and scientifically, and its relationship for treatment and research. First, it is important to see the advancement of treatment and research of mental disorder because once that is figured out, then determining if mental disorders are being overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed can be assessed. The science of mental disorder is not an easy subject, however, the DSM-5 has been overseeing and recognizing its revision process so as to correctly define and classify mental disorders. Its development of defining and classifying mental disorders explains and determines the problems of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Now, seemingly, it seems like the overdiagnosis of mental disorders, but in reality, is it just a better understanding of a disorder and its social and cultural diversity? Is it possible that our scientific understanding of mental disorders is due to research? And how can this event be determined accurately for correct diagnosis and not a manipulation of science and medicine? Underdiagnosed; Stigma and Discrimination Through the exploration of research, the understanding of mental disorders has been questioned. The research into the question of mental disorders being underdiagnosed reflects itself in the stigma and discrimination of mental health consumers. Although the research does have mixed results, it is indeed an underdiagnosis because of inconsistent diagnoses and criteria associated with mental disorders. It is the understanding that an underdiagnosis of mental disorders is a reality because, through research, there can be a claim made that people who are not diagnosed actually have a disorder. And when one is diagnosed with a mental disorder, there is often a negative connection and attitude among others that look down upon the mentally ill. This overshadowing of mental illness and disorder means a lack of physical illness signs and symptoms that often lead to the underdiagnosis and mistreatment of mental health consumers. A stigma and discrimination that is attached with mental disorder causes mental health consumers a disconnection associated with a lack of society’s knowledge of causes and symptoms and the treatment of mental disorders. A lack of knowledge in the public and lack of personal contact with affected individual results in negative attitudes and stigmatization and discrimination.[2] As a result, humans suffering with a mental disorder are outcast and put into a category and classified as being different and weird. These individuals tend to not feel like a part of a community or society, making them not accepted by other members. Instead of stigmatizing and discriminating humans with mental disorders, us as a society, must provide the opportunity of acceptance, and an understanding of recognizing the difference of mentally ill humans compared to the ‘normal’ standard. Without an acceptance of mentally ill humans, the stigma, and discrimination leads to an underdiagnosis of mental disorders; possibility the fear of being an outcast or the failure of normality. The many challenges that arise from stigma and discrimination of mental disorders can social and cultural affect mental health consumers or someone whom is mentally ill. It cannot be overlooked, there has to be a universal understanding of the impact that is faced every day for the mentally ill. If not understood, this is where a problem begins. With many people with a mental disorder challenged daily with symptoms from the diseases, there is also the side that they are challenged with the stereotypes that follow. According to Patrick Corrigan and Amy Watson, “as a result of both, people with mental illness are robbed of the opportunities that define a quality life: good jobs, safe housing, satisfactory health care, and affiliation with a diverse group of people.”[3] This begins to explain and demonstrate the challenges of people with mental disorders, and the loss of opportunities related to stigma and discrimination. Yes, research has begun to explain both the issues and impact of diseases, but it is still a far way away from a full understanding of the impact of stigma and discrimination towards mental disorders. As a result, there can be a connection made that a lack of knowledge and understanding of the research of stigma and discrimination can and will result in the underdiagnosis of mental disorders. The underdiagnosis of mental disorders arise from the poor research and the mental health consumer being in fear of an outcast and a seperation of community and society. From Corrigan and Watson, “public stigma is the reaction of the general population towards people with mental illness and then self-stigma is the prejudice which people with mental illness turn against themselves.”[4] Both public stigma and self-stigma lead to stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, which affect the lives of mental health consumers. Now, the stereotypes do not correlate the knowledge of them and if a community or society agrees with them. This, in turn, causes a disconnect with mental health consumers. People who are prejudiced are influenced by the negativism of stereotypes and have negative reactions. The negativism is in one’s mood, thinking, and behavior; as a overall belief that this is how it should be. The fact that this affect people with mental illness is a shame on communities and societies, an universal failure and a lack of knowledge that leads to an underdiagnosis of mental disorders. Overall, the stigma, and discrimination of mental disorders is tied to the underdiagnosis of them. Continuing that thought, the realization of the challenges that arise towards mental disorders needs to be further research. The need for change in the strategies of the diagnosis of mental disorders will result in the proper diagnosis of mental health consumers and prevent the lack of underdiagnoses. When mental disorders are diagnosised correctly, the stigma and discrimination towards them is eliminated, and the equality begins. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Baumann, Anja Esther. Stigmatization, social distance and exclusion because of mental illness: The individual with mental illness as a ‘stranger’. International Review of Psychiatry, 2009. Corrigan, Patrick W and Amy C Watson. Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association, 2002. [1] American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013), 5. [2] Anja Esther Baumann, Stigmatization, social distance and exclusion because of mental illness: The individual with mental illness as a ‘stranger’, 131. [3] Patrick W Corrigan and Amy C Watson, Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness, 16-20. [4] Patrick W Corrigan and Amy C Watson, Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness, 16-20. Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp

Ab298associatescapstoneinaccounting

essay writing service free Ab298associatescapstoneinaccounting.

You reviewed how to create a simple outline in the Reading area. This is a skill most often used when creating a report with many sections or organizing a project. Just think of how useful outlining would be for creating an annual report for instance.You now have the opportunity to apply what you have understood regarding the outline to the creation of a final project outline.Assignment: Prepare a final detailed outline of your final project Assignment. Remember, the structure for the paper is as follows:Coversheet: Includes title, submission date, and nameExecutive Summary: Overview of your findingsRegulationsManagementFinance and AccountingFinancial StatementsProblem SolvingThe Coversheetshould contain the title of your report, the date of submission, and your name. The Executive Summaryshould provide an overview of your findings. After the Executive Summary, you will explore the five different areas of Tim’s business. For each of these areas, you will provide a detailed report that contains a title, all of the issues (problems) found within the section and how you propose to Mike to correct the issues.
Ab298associatescapstoneinaccounting

Organizational Behavior Project Emirates Airlines Business Essay

Organizational Behavior Project Emirates Airlines Business Essay. With the advent of globalization, Human Resource Management had achieved the great attention from different organization at global, international and local level. In comparison to the past times when the Human Resources are just considered as machine or commodity to get the work done, now they are considered as the most prominent asset of the organization. With such assets of gaining importance, Human Resource Management is considered as the key function of the organization to acquire, train, motivate, and maintain the employees within the organization. One such function of HRM which helps in efficient and effective learning, motivation and maintenance of the Human Resources within the organization is Organization Behavior. Human assets are the complex resources of the organization as it is very difficult to understand any person both psychologically and behaviorally. OB proposes various models and theories to analyze various set of human resources so as to understand their working style and enhance the performance efficiently and effectively. It is that function of HRM which helps to analyze and develop the organization at individual, group and organizational level. It helps to provide an effective and efficient working environment to the Human Resources on the basis of applying different models and theories at such levels in order to achieve overall performance effectively (Introduction to Organizational Behaviour). The project aims to analyze the Organizational Behavior at Emirates Airlines, Dubai with the help of comparing and contrasting various theories and models related with each level of organizational development. Through the comparison of theories related with leadership, personalities, learning, reinforcement, motivation, interpersonal communication, organization design, change and business model within the Emirates Airline, the project tends to analyze the organizational behavior of the organization. The project also analyzes the external and internal environment of Emirates Airlines through SWOT analysis followed by a descriptive conclusion of organizational behavior of Emirates Airlines. Introduction: Organizational behavior is study of behavior relates to individual, group and organizational teams working together for efficient and effective operation execution. It studies the expected behavior of the person within the organization as every person has his different set of biographical, psychological and behavioral characteristics and no two people behave in a same way. Human factors act as the most contributing factor in the operations and productivity of any organization and thus analyzing the behavior of the individual is very essential and inevitable for any organization. Various research studies suggest that an individual, his background, social status, educational background, social groups, and other situational factors affect the behavior of the individual to a large extent. Managers must be able to explain, predict, evaluate and modify the individual behavior within the organization through applying various models and theories of the organizational behavior. The decision of managers largely depends on knowledge, skills and ability of handling larger groups having the diverse situations. The value system, organizational culture, Work environment, emotional intelligence, and job design are the vital elements of analyzing the human behavior in the organization. Cause and effect relationship and the organizational culture are also very important factors to modify the individual behavior (Introduction to Organizational Behaviour). The project analyzes the Organizational Behavior within the Emirates airlines through comparing and analyzing various theories of OB and its model followed by the SWOT analysis and business model of the organization. Company Background: Emirates Airlines is the international aviation organization based in United Arab Emirates providing commercial air transportation services across the world. It is operating as an independent entity under a common management referred to as the Emirates Group. Emirates Airline, headquartered in Dubai, UAE was founded in the year 1985 with its first flight initiating from Mumbai and Karachi. The airline characterized by high efficiency and flexibility has helped strengthen Dubai and the UAE as a premium world class hub not only for trade and business but also for culture and sports. The airline is essentially a pivotal link between continents, drawing on the highly advanced civil aviation infrastructure in the UAE. Emirates Airlines has raised to the prestigious ranks as one of the top international airlines. This has been accomplished as a result of the adoption and encouragement of fair competition, transparency and an open skies policy (Annual Report , 2010-2011) Vision: Emirates Airlines with its exceptional know how, is well positioned for continued future growth and success making headway against from a history of stellar achievements. Through high professional standards, commitment and a forward looking vision, it will continue on the path of excellence and prosperity. And it pays greater emphasis over the corporate citizenship and social responsibility to shape its future (Our Vision and Values). Mission: Emirates Airlines exist to deliver world class in flight experience with a sense of friendliness, warmth, individual pride and overall organizational spirit (Our Vision and Values). Figure : Organizational Structure of Emirates Airlines: Major Stakeholders: At Emirates, the stakeholders are integral to its efforts that have resulted in superior customer satisfaction, ratings and financial performance in a highly competitive industry. The management ensures that employees have an enjoyable work environment while providing the same kind of warmth, caring and unforgettable experience for the customers. They put in an unprecedented effort to strengthen community relationships that in turn yield a long term reward for the company. The company strives to improve the relations with the operating suppliers to maintain the competitive edge in the suppliers market (Our Vision and Values). Product Market Operations: Emirates Airlines operate in more than a hundred destinations across 70 countries worldwide and has driven Dubai in getting established as a commercial center and aviation hub of the Middle East. The company operates 1200 flights on a weekly basis across six continents from its base Dubai International Airport. The phenomenal growth in its market operations is reflected in 170-plus aircraft in a rapidly expanding fleet, comprising of the latest Airbus and Boeing Aircraft. Moreover, Dubai’s state of the art Terminal 3 is used solely for the Emirate’s airlines flight. In the previous year, the company booked travelling of 34 million passengers of different nationalities (Annual Report , 2010-2011). Emirates’ Value Chain: Emirates Airlines is well known for managing its operations abundantly and has adopted vertical integration into its core business structure by incorporating diversified properties. The company directly operates its check-in, service desks, boarding and lounge services, baggage and handling and airport push backs (Annual Report , 2010-2011). Emirates’ Financial Performance: Emirates Airlines booked huge profits in the last financial year, the largest ever achieved in its history. There was a considerable increase of 51.9% in profitability reaching to AED 5373 in comparison to AED 3,538 in the year 2009, the revenues being the main driver. Revenues grew significantly over the last few years recording the relative growth of 25% respectively. (Annual Report , 2010-2011) Source: (Annual Report , 2010-2011) Open to Competition: Emirates Airlines is a proponent of open, international competition. It is motivation that drives them to achieve more in an open global economy. They continually analyze capacity and demand on routes that persuades them to enter markets under-served by the competitors and achieve a competitive edge in terms of trade, cargo and air travel demand. Many of the new international destinations include Dakar, Senegal; Prague, Czech Republic; and Basra Iraq (Annual Report , 2010-2011) Organization of Operations – Emirates Airlines: Emirates Airlines clearly have a distinct advantage over other airlines in the industry owing to the effective execution of operations strategy across the organization that forms a strong pillar of its overall corporate strategy. The overall organization of operations is dependent on competitive dimensions pertaining to operational costs and efficiency, customer service, employee and labor relations and integrated technology (Annual Report , 2010-2011). Analysis: Organization Behavior is the study which involves various theories and models related with the individual, group and organizational behavior and changes. The theories and models related with organizational behavior within Emirates Airlines are compared as follows: Compare and contrast of different theories: Personality: The term personality has been derived from the Latin word “persona” which means to “speak through”. The Latin term represents the masks worn by the actors in the ancient Rome and Greece. The general usage of the word “personality” indicates the role played by a person in the public. The personality of an individual is personal, unique and a key determinant of his behavior. Due to the differences in the personality, persons differ in their way of handling different situations. Personality Traits: Personality traits are permanent characteristics which help in description of the behavior of individual. The more consistent the features and the more repeatedly they occur in the varied situations, the more significant that characteristic is in describing the person. Sl. No Personality Traits Reserved Outgoing Less Intelligent More Intelligent Submissive Dominant Affected feelings Emotionally more stable Expedient Conscientious Serious Happy-go-lucky Timid Venturesome Trusting Suspicious Practical Imaginative Tough-Minded Sensitive Forthright Shrewd Conservative Experimenting Self-assured Apprehensive Group dependent Self-dependent Uncontrolled Controlled Relaxed Tense Chris Argyris’ Immaturity-Maturity Theory related to Personality: Chris Argyris proposed that personality of a person grows along a continuum from immaturity as an infant to maturity as an adult. He recognized seven characteristics in the continuum which are as follows: Sl. No Immaturity Characteristics Maturity Characteristics Passivity Activity Few ways of behaving Diverse behavior Dependence Independence Shallow Interests Deep Interests Subordinate position Super ordinate position Short-time perspective Long-term perspective Lack of self-awareness Self-awareness and control Learning and Reinforcement: Learning is considered as the relatively permanent change in the behavior of the individual in relation to both the internal processes such as thinking, emotions and attitude and observable activities. There are various theories of learning which can be considered by the Emirates Airlines to enhance the individual and organizational development based on learning. These are as follows: Sensory simulation theory which explains that the effective learning occurs only when the senses of an individual are stimulated by the environment. Reinforcement Theory was developed by Behaviorist school of Psychology by B.F. Skinner who believed that behavior is the result of the consequences. If the behavior provides positive results then the learner repeats the same actions. Cognitive Gestalt approach emphasize on the experiences, significance, problem solving and the advancement in insights within the individual. Holistic Learning Theory mainly relates to the complex set of elements in context to personality of the individual which need to be activated for effective learning. Facilitation Theory emphasize on learning through an educator or facilitator. Experimental Theory calls for four stage learning process as shown in figure: Source: (Theories of learning, 2002) Action learning approach links the practical world in action through a relative process (Theories of learning, 2002). Motivation in Work Settings: Maslow’s hierarchy of need motivation theory suggests that there are basically five needs of any individual which are related with their satisfaction and motivation level. These five needs are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self esteem need and self actualization need. As one need get fulfilled the successive need gets generated within the individual and act as his motivational factor. While Herzberg’s two factor theory suggests that there are some factors which results to satisfaction among employees and there are other factors that help in preventing dissatisfaction among the employees. Herzberg states that “No Satisfaction” is opposite of “Satisfaction” and “No Dissatisfaction” is opposite of “Dissatisfaction”. Fredrick Herzberg proposed Two Factor Theory after conducting his research on Maslow’s hierarchy of need motivation theory. He conducted research on 200 employees by asking them the factors at that their workplace which satisfies or dissatisfies them. The results of the study depicts that the intrinsic factors leads to satisfaction while extrinsic factors leads to dissatisfaction. Maslow’s theory focuses on the hierarchy of needs which motivate people, Herzberg theory though based on Maslow’s theory but it argued that there is a basic relation between individual and his work and his attitude towards the work determines his success and failure. Herzberg argued that motivation is not dependent on the need of the individual while it depends on his expectations from the work. Herzberg observed that Hygiene factors are related with the physiological, and safety needs of Maslow’s theory and Motivations factors are related with the social, esteem and self actualization needs. Maslow’s theory defines basic framework for employee motivation while Herzberg’s theory helps to decrease dissatisfaction and increase satisfaction through motivating them (Sandra Graham). Vroom’s theory is based on the goals or outcomes of people which they prefer more as compared to other factors of motivation. Thus for them experiencing the feeling of being satisfied is to achieve their outcome or goal successfully. The term valence is used to express the feeling for particular outcome (Miner, 2005). Vroom’s expectancy theory is based on the belief of employee: Valance: It refers to the emotional beliefs of the individual towards the outcomes or rewards associated with the work. It is related with the first or the second order outcome. Expectancy: It refers to the expectations and level of confidence from the employee that what he is able to do in order to reach the first order outcome. Instrumentality: It refers to the actually feeling of the employee that whether they will actually receive what they desire even if they are assured by their manager (Vroom’s Expectancy Theory). These entire factors interact with each other to develop a motivational force which is represented with the help of following formula: Valence*Expectancy (Instrumentality) = Motivational force https://sites.google.com/site/motivationataglanceischool/_/rsrc/1292643969018/vroom-s-expectancy-theory/VroomET.png Figure : Vroom’s expectancy theory Source: (Vroom’s Expectancy Theory) Leadership: Leadership is very essential for the organization to work cordially in team there are three types of leadership styles such as: Autocratic Style who always dominates the employees and wants to get the work done by power and authority. Democratic Style which believe in working mutually in team with the coordination of all the employees. Laissez Faire which depends on workers to get their work done as the workers wants to do it. Among all the styles of leadership, Emirates airlines must follows the democratic style in order to get the work done in the coordination of team work. Decision Making in Organization: The process of decision making requires the intellectual planning associated with the specific choice depending upon the requirement of situation. The different types of decision making are as follows: Reversible Decisions: Reversible decisions are those decisions which are not final and temporary in nature. These decisions can be altered or modified in the situations of wrong choice of decision in the organization or incase of failure of chosen alternative. Irreversible Decisions: Irreversible decisions as clear by their name are permanent alternatives. Once they have been made or taken, they become unalterable and unchanged. Organizations generally choose irreversible decisions when there is limited availability or lack of alternatives. Quick Decisions: Quick decisions are the decisions which have been taken instantly in the organization due to the urgent requirement of the situation. Not every manager is able to take quick decisions, only effective managers and officials can make instant and accurate decisions easily. Quick decisions taken in to account the long term impact and outcomes in the organization. Delayed Decisions: Delayed decisions may be regarded as the decisions which have been set aside by the decision maker in waiting of the appropriate time to be implemented. In organizational perspective the delayed decisions leads to loss of various business growth opportunities. TrialOrganizational Behavior Project Emirates Airlines Business Essay

HU Public Philosopher Citizens of Nowhere from The BBC Series Discussion

HU Public Philosopher Citizens of Nowhere from The BBC Series Discussion.

1 QUESTION:https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06q6014Listen to the 40-minute podcast with Michael Sandel, “Public Philosopher – Citizens of Nowhere?”, from the BBC series The Public Philosopher and reflect on the role of philosophy in our personal and public life today, e.g. in politics, in our social life, when we try to build a career, grow a family, or run a business etc. Write a comment on this, using at least one example to illustrate how you think that philosophy can help you make better decisions, behave better etc. 2 QUESTION:This is the required reading for this week – an extract from Kafka’s “The Trial”. The Trial
By Josef KafkaPlease read carefully and answer the following question: “What is the meaning of the fable about the doorkeeper?” Try to justify your answer with reasons and examples. Then, try to use the techniques detailed in these slides, to build a more complex argument on the question about the meaning of the Doorkeeper fable in Kafka, which we have approached in our Discussion Board. Over the next few weeks, you should develop this into an elaborate essay – which will be your first assignment in this module (due to be submitted in week 6). 3 QUESTION:Hi all, and welcome to week 3 in our Philosophy module. Having practiced our critical thinking skills last week, it is now time to approach our first philosophical topic – which is, Morality and the good life. We’ll spend two weeks debating this: one, looking at ancient views on the topic; the second – considering modern ones. This week, we start with the former – namely, Aristotle. He talks about happiness understood as fulfilment, and the role of virtues in that, e.g. courage, honour etc. What do you think, do you agree with Aristotle that a sense of personal achievement is intricately linked with morality, so indirectly with helping others?Please make sure to read the extract from Aristotle – which you can find in Part VIII (text 2) of Cottingham’s book, Western Philosophy. (See the Welcome page for a cover of the book). A copy of the extract is below.After you read the extract from Aristotle (Part VIII, text 2 in Cottingham’s book), answer the following question: What is the role of virtues, in achieving a ‘good life’, or happiness? 4 QUESTION:Hi all, here is a brief exercise, aimed to help you practice one of the critical thinking techniques that we learnt last week – namely, using (or identifying) intermediary conclusions in an argument. Is there an intermediate conclusion in this argument? If so, what job does it do? “There is a gap in our future electricity supply, so the Royal Society is to consider the existing and potential sources of energy at our disposal. Some people are taking the view that only nuclear energy can fill the gap; but we know the drawbacks of this source of energy, and cost is one of the more significant. The government is already subsidizing the industry, and is finding out that the setting up and decommissioning costs are greater than we had been led to think.There are alternative routes that we could take, but they will involve radical thinking. First of all, we might ask ourselves whether the National Grid is the best way of transmitting power throughout the country. Wind turbines might not be beautiful, but they compare favourably with the pylons that carry powerlines across some of our finest landscapes. Secondly, we should take energy conservation seriously: we could all use electricity more efficiently; insulation of buildings could be undertaken more comprehensively; and waste heat from industrial processes could be harnessed for domestic use. The Royal Society has a host of possibilities to look into, not the least of them the generation of energy at the local level by photoelectrical cell technology. Almost any solution to the problem of the energy gap is going to be better than the nuclear option.”(Adapted from a letter to The Scotsman, May 2005) Please refer to exercise that asks you to identify an intermediary conclusion in the given text. Write your answer here. 5 QUESTION:After you read the two extracts for this week – from Kant and Mill (texts 5 and 6 respectively, in Part VIII of Cottingham’s book), answer the following question: Which of the 2 types of reasoning do you prefer and why – the non-consequentialist, principle-based Kantian ethics of duty, or Mill’s utilitarianism? Make sure to justify your answer.6 QUESTION:This week, we’re embarking on a new philosophical pursuit – to address the topic of meaning in general, and meaning of life, in particular. We’ll spend two weeks debating this, with some help from- a Latin philosopher (Seneca) and the school of thought he represents (Stoicism); – a religious philosopher (St Augustine); and- two modern French philosophers (Pascal and Camus).We’re also going to practice some of the critical thinking skills we learnt in previous weeks; and use them to debate an ethical dilemma inspired by Enron (the worst accounting scandal in the last two decades). 1. The first topic for discussion this week is whether or not life has a meaning. What do you think? If you believe in the meaning of life, try to explain what is the basis of it, where does that meaning come from. If you do not, then why are we here and why do we keep on living? read the 2 required texts from Part XII of the Western Philosophy handbook: – Seneca – text 2- St Augustine – text 3here is a PDF version of the two texts – however, please note that some pages are upside down, so you might want to print them in order to read them. 2.How did Seneca die?Do some research in order to find out how Seneca died, and reflect on the following question: considering his philosophical views, and the way his life ended, do you think he was prepared to die? Write your answer below, in 100-150 words.
HU Public Philosopher Citizens of Nowhere from The BBC Series Discussion