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“The experience of space and time” Response Essay

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From the article, it is imperative to note that time and space are meaningful and as such determine human existence (Berman 31). In this case, they influence what human beings do and the expected outcomes. Hence, they should not be taken for granted. Different societies have various perceptions on the value of time (Berman 106). It is important to understand that proper utilization of time is a major ingredient towards progress. Therefore, people ought to learn how to utilize time well and prioritize activities at hand in order to experience modernity. The issue of space is more complex to determine than that of time. This is because space is compromised of pattern, direction, area and other dimensions. Space is anything that can be measured and utilized to achieve progress. Different societies have different ways of perceiving and utilizing space in order to make life meaningful (Berman 15). It is notable that proper use of space and time lead to achievement of desired goals and objectives within a given time span. Therefore, the concepts of time and space have to be made valid for a society to become modern. The issue of objective perception of time and space should be discouraged since it is likely to encourage diversity in perception and conception. This is a factor that can hinder success of any homogenous society. It is also certain that time is the primary dimension that enables one to conquer and utilize the available space. Hence, it can be deduced that progress involves conquest of space with time and the experience ultimately results into modernity. I therefore support social theories proposed by Weber, Marx, Smith and Marshall who privileged time more than space (Berman 62). Having taken this stand, I disagree with the aesthetic theory that gives more privilege to space than time. This is due to the fact that there is no way space can become a central action to achieve progress if there is no time for spatial practices. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the level of progress is determined by individual practice and appropriate use of time and space (Berman 203). Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More To recap it all, appropriate command of time and utilization of space is a vital source of power in our day to day life. Moreover, space and time should not be materialized objectively just like individuals do to make money and other resources. Instead, they should be defined, perceived and utilized through social organizations in order to liberate societies from social struggle and hence venture into modernity. Works Cited Marshall, Berman. All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York: Verso Publishers. 1983. Print
Fanconi Anemia Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. Fanconi anemia is the most frequently reported rare inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs), around 2000 cases have been reported in the medical literature. It was first reported by Guido Fanconi in 1927. He observed 3 brothers with macrocytosis, pancytopenia, and physical abnormalities (Alter et al., 1993). EPIDEMIOLOGY The total number of people suffering from FA has not been documented worldwide.Scientists estimate that the carrier frequency (people carrying a defect in one copy of a particular FA gene, while the other copy of that same FA gene is normal) for FA in the United States of America is 1 in 181. The incidence rate, or the chance of an offspring being born with FA, is about 1 in 131,000 in the U.S., with approximately 31 children born with FA each year. (Schroederet al., 1976; Swift et al.,1971). Fanconi anemia has been reported inall ethnic groups. However, due to founder effects, the heterozygote frequency is greater in South African Afrikaners, (Rosendorff et al.,1987) sub-Saharan blacks (Neil et al., 2005), and Spanish gypsies (Callen et al., 2005) than in the general world population. The expected birthrates in these ethnic groups are around 1 case per 40,000 births. The carrier frequency is about 1 case per 90 people for the Ashkenazi Jews in the United States(Rosenberg 2011). The male-to-female ratio is 1.2:1,though equal numbers are predicted in a disorder with over 99% autosomal recessive inheritance. Fanconi anemia has been diagnosed in patients from birth to 49 years, with a median age of 7 years. Individuals with birth defects are diagnosed at younger ages when compared to those without any birth defects (Tanguichi etal., 2006). ETIOLOGY/BIOLOGY OF FANCONI ANEMIA: Sixteen FA complementation groups have been characterized so far (A, B, C, D1/BRCA2, D2, E, F, G, I, J/BACH1/BRIP1, L, M, N/PALB2, O/RAD51C, FANCP/SLX4 and FANCQ/ERCC4) (Crossanet al., 2012, Boglilo et al., 2013). All FA genes except FANCB are located on autosomes. FANCB is located on the X chromosome (Meetei et al., 2004). Table 1 depicts the chromosomal location of the 16 FANC genes. Individualswith mutations in any of these 16 FA genes share a distinctiveclinical and cellular phenotype, and these 16 gene products function in a common cellular pathway, called the Fanconi anemia pathway (Kee et al., 2010). The basic FA pathway DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase from multiple replication forks. Any lesions that disturb the structure of the chromatin, such as chemically induced DNA crosslinks, result in stalling of replication at the position of the lesion. The Fanconi Anemia pathway mainly acts in response to DNA damage that leads to the stalling of the DNA replication forks during S phase of the cell cycle. The activation of the FA core complex, that consists of at least 8 of the known FA proteins (A, B, C, E, F, G, L, and M) occurs through the recruitment of ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related) (Andreassen et al., 2004) to the single-stranded DNA at stalled replication fork (Zou and Elledge 2003). The activated FA core complex functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mono-ubiquitinates FANCD2 (Fanconi anemia complementation group D2). FANCL is the putative catalytic element of the core complex complex. FANCL consists of a PHD domain and bears homology to other known E3 ubiquitin ligases (Meetei et al., 2003a). The monoubiquitination of FANCD2 results in its relocalization from the soluble nuclear compartment to the chromatin (Wang et al., 2004) and subsequently in its association with other repair proteins, such as BRCA1, RAD51, NBS1, and PCNA and with FANCD1/breast cancer 2, and early onset (FANCD1/BRCA2) in the chromatin (Wang et al., 2004; Garcia-Higuera et al., 2001; Tanguichi et al., 2002; Nakanishi et al., 2002; Hussain et al., 2004). During S phase of the normal cell cycle, the core complex, monoubiquitinates FANCD2 on Lys 561 and an induced monoubiquitination occurs when cells are exposed to DNA damaging substances such as MMC, IR and UV radiations (Garcia-Higuera et al., 2001; Gregory et al., 2003). Along with FANCD2, complex 1 also results in the monoubiquitination of FANCD1 (REF). DONE Cells that cannot to form complex 1 or complex 2 are generally hypersensitive to cross-linking agentssuch as MMC and these cells exhibit the characteristic broken and radial chromosome forms of FA. Mutations in eight FA subtypes (FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL, and FANCM) result in loss of FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitylation, which is the central regulatory step in the FA pathway. 90% of individuals with FA are reported to have mutations recorded in these eight FA genes (Table 1). A close association has been established between the FA pathway and the BRCA proteins in the DNA repair mechanisms. BRCA2 was identified as an FA gene – FANCD1 (ref 27 ). FANCN/PALB2 is a known partner of BRCA2/FANCD1 and aids in its localization. (refs. 29, 30), FANCJ/BRIP1 (BRCA1-interacting helicase1) (refs. 31, 32), and, FANCO (RAD51C; an already known homologousrepair factor; refs. 33, 34) further strengthen the intricate associationof breast and ovarian susceptibility genes with FA. There is clinical variability among FA patients, owing to the different FA subtypes.(1). FA patients of subtype A have milder disease and late onset of bone marrow failure. Patients of subtypes FANCC and FANCG generally have a more severe phenotype and require early intervention that includes bone marrow transplantation. While FA patients assigned to subtype FANCI have early onset and increased incidence of solid tumors and leukemia (35). In general, diagnosing the disease at an early stage and identifying the gene mutated is important for genetic counseling of parents with FA patients with regard to future pregnancies. CLINICAL FEATURES/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FA Individuals with FA exhibit numerous congenital defects, butapproximately 25%–40% of FA patients are physically normal (D’Andrea 2010)). Majority of children with FA have congenital skeletal anomalies of the thumb and forearm. The thumbs are usually smaller (hypoplastic), duplicated, or absent and the forearm radius is either reduced or absent (Giampietro et a., 1993). Fig represents the commonly observed deformities seen in FA patients. Several FA patients display endocrine abnormalities. More than half of FA individuals have short stature which has been attributed to insufficient growth hormone production and hyperthyroidism. There are also reports of FA patients with normal stature and no obviousdeficiency in growth hormone production. Abnormal glucose or insulin metabolism has also been associated with FA. While individuals with diabetes have reduced insulin levels, FA individuals generallyhave a higher level of serum insulin. Reports suggest that approximately 8% ofindividuals with FA are diabetic, while up to 72%have elevated serum insulin levels (Giri et al., 2007; Elder et al., 2008). In addition, osteoporosis has also been associatedwith FA (Wajnrajch et al., 2001; Rietscheli et al., 2001). Hematological abnormalities are the most predominant pathological manifestation of FA. 75%–90% of FA patientsdevelop bone marrow failure, aroundthe first decade of life (Butturini et al., 1994; Kutler et al., 2003). In addition to bone marrow failure, most FA patientsdevelop varying degrees of blood disease, these include aplastic anemia,myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or acute myeloid leukemia(AML). The risk of AML occurrence in FA patients is approximately 800-foldhigher than that of the general population, with a median age ofonset of 14 years. Recent studies have revealed a common pattern ofchromosomal abnormalities in FA patients with MDSor AML (e.g., gain of 1q23-32, 3q26), suggesings that theseabnormalities can be worthwhile predictive markers (Soulier 2011; Quentin et al., 2011; Meyer et al., 2011; Meyer et al., 2007). The exact cause of these hematopoietic defects is uncertain, althoughincreasing evidence suggests an underlying hypersensitivity of FAhematopoietic cells to oxidative stress (Du et al., 2008). Although FA is chiefly a pediatric disease, adult FA patientswho are older than 18 years, represent an increasing proportion of the entireFA patient population. This has been attributed to improved management of youngFA patients and a rigorous diagnostic testing in adults. One of themajor health threats faced by adult FA patients is the risk ofacquiring cancer (Taniguchi et al., 2006). In addition to hematologic cancers, solid tumors,predominantly squamous cell cancers (SCCs) of the head and neckand cervical/gynecological cancers, occur at evidently higherrates in FA patients (Kutler et al., 2003). Approximately one-third of FA patientsare reported to develop a solid tumor by their fourth decade of life (Rosenberg et al., 2003). In addition to the hematological abnormalities and increased cancer predisposition, FA individuals also exhibit other clinical problems,which includes hearing loss, ear anomalies as well as reduced fertility (Giampietro et al., 1993). Lowered sperm count is reported in male FApatients, and premature menopause is reported in female patients (Alter et al., 1991). The rate of successful pregnancy is approximately15% among non-transplanted FA patients (Alter et al., 1991), although improved fertility and successful pregnancy has been reported after HSC transplantation (Nabhan et al., 2010). Consistent with reports in FA patients, knock out mouse models of Fanca, Fancc, Fancg, and Fancd2 also exhibited pronounced hypogonadismand impaired fertility, with female offsprings more severely affected than males (Parmar et al., 2009; Koomen et al., 2002). Fanconi Anemia Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

Future Of Globalisation And Its Impact Economics Essay

It is a known fact in the modern world that globalisation has become the main ingredient for the success of developing countries and their businesses. Globalization became a major worldwide force to reckon with since the end of the cold war in the 90s and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Countries opened their boundaries to marketplace financial system making business increasingly international. A procedure of structural modification urged through the affects and studies of the World Bank and other global firms was born in numerous developing nations. Moreover, globalisation has opened up fresh chances for growing countries. It has provided better entrance to urbanized state marketplaces and technology which in turn guarantees enhanced efficiency and advanced living status (Lim and Lim, 2007). On the other hand, there are arguments that state globalisation has given unwanted confronts such as rising imbalance all over the world, instability in the monetary market and ecological worsening. A different unenthusiastic feature of globalisation is that an immense mainstream of growing nations stay separated from the procedure. Till the 90s, countries like India were quite opposed to the idea of globalisation. The phenomenon of globalisation was opened to the Indian economy through the introduction of the New Economic policy in 1991. It was the initiation of this policy that resulted in the transformation of the Indian economy to open up to liberalisation of business and broadening of investment opportunities. Since then the world has seen gradual decrease to the obstacles and acceleration in the rise of globalisation. In this particular topic review, we try and concentrate on the impact of globalization on countries, businesses and public sector. On the basis of my findings from relevant literature, I will try to comprehend the concept of globalization and its future. Globalization: Globalization can be explained as a continuing procedure through which local economies, cultures, and traditions have been incorporated by a world-spanning system of interaction and implementation. The word is many a time employed to purposely refer to the internalisation of economy. It can also signify the incorporation of nationwide economies into the worldwide financial system by business flows of capital, FDI, immigration, and extend of skill. Though, globalization is typically documented as being forced through an amalgamation of economic, political, sociocultural, technical, and organic issues. The word may furthermore submit to the intercontinental movement of thoughts, tongues, and otherwise famous culture by acculturation (Lim and Lim, 2007). Though the exact meaning of globalisation remains elusive, some interpretations are universally acceptable. Lim and Lim (2007): say that the procedure of globalisation not just comprises beginning of business world widely, growth of higher sense of interaction, internationalization of fiscal marketplaces, increasing significance of multinational corporations, population relocations and further normally amplified mobility of people, capital, products, information and concepts other than moreover pollution, illnesses and infections. Globalization Impact across Countries: Significantly, the growth of India and China is a just element of a bigger picture which exposes extremely rough allocation of the advantages of internationalization between nations. The developed nations, with their powerful primary economic stand, profusion of ability and capital, and technical guidance, were comfortably situated to increase considerable advantages from rising internationalization of the world economy. Growing worldwide marketplaces for products and facilities offer fresh stores for their exports. Whereas, the appearance of worldwide manufacturing methods and liberalized investment regulations produced fresh chances for their multinational enterprises, rising their worldwide operations and authority of marketplace (Cetinic and Goran, 2008),. Likewise, the development of worldwide fiscal marketplaces offered developed nations chances for speculations with advanced incomes in rising marketplaces. As well as, their technical control, jointly with the intensification of global regulations on IPRs by the World Trade Organization, raised their incomes from licensing fees and royalties. Though, these advantages were partially counteracted through internal issues of alteration that generated fatalities for several employees. But one cannot deny the fact that another cluster that gathered important advantages was the alternative rising nations that have been extremely victorious in mounting their exports and in magnetizing great inflows of foreign direct investment. Chiefly, among the benefactors have been the unique NIEs of North Asia that have currently congregated on developed state revenue heights and financial systems. Several further Asian middle-income states, the Europe succession nations, and Latin American nations for example Chile and Mexico moreover seem to be on path to accomplish this (Daianu and Daniel, 2008). Globalization Impact on Indian Economy: There are several insinuations of globalization for a state economy. Globalization has strengthened interdependence and rivalry among countries in the globe marketplace. These financial reorganizations have received the subsequent important advantages: India had received positive impact through globalization on the whole development rate of the market. This is a chief development considering that the development rate of India in the 1980’s was extremely little at 4 per cent and Gross Domestic Product raise in nations such as Korea, Mexico, Brazil, and Indonesia was in excess of double of that of India. However India’s standard yearly increase rate was approximately twice in the 80s to 6.3 per cent, still it was inferior to the development rate in Indonesia, Korea and China. The lift up in Gross Domestic Product development has resulted in a respectable transformation in the worldwide position of India (Daianu and Daniel, 2008). Therefore, the place of India in the worldwide economy had enhanced from the ninth position in 1992 to fifth position in 2002; when Gross Domestic Product was estimated on a buying power equality foundation. Throughout 1990-91, due to Rao’s( then Prime Minister of India) modifications plan, the Indian market developed through 0.11 per cent simply, although the Gross Domestic Product boosted up to 6.2 per cent in 1993-94, and 7.1 per cent 1994-95. A development rate of over 9 per cent was an accomplishment for the Indian economy by the year 2006-07. Increase in the Gross Domestic Product development rate may be perceived as sign of good things to come in the future (Cetinic and Goran, 2008). Uncertainty in Europe due to Rising Phenomena of Globalization: Globalization is a happening; you cannot fight it or stop it. It is a predictable procedure which can be regulated and adapted. Due to globalisation local skilled labour employment rate was decreasing in almost all over the globe. This resulted in amalgamation of societies that had earlier been totally divided from one another. It was as if they were fighting a common enemy. The EU sceptics were of the view that globalisation would lead to labour exploitation and local unemployment rather than growth for the respective nations. Most of Western Europe believed that availability of jobs would result in mass immigration of foreign workers. The fact that they would be available on the cheap would threaten local citizens. Those that opposed internationalization were unified in their belief. Several were opposing it because they were convinced that MNCs were basically evil. These countries formed the basis of the worldwide anti-capitalist faction. The primary concern was to defend home jobs in the western region, although this myopic hypothesis left local employees unable to compete and advance themselves. Basically, this crippled the globe with dishonest jobs, with no honest earnings and with no honest chances (Bartlett and William, 2007). As a result Central banks were at a failure. As assets soared all over the globe at a continuous pace, nations would locate themselves with a huge equilibrium of extra expenses and shortages. Policy makers found themselves in a position where imaginative resource flows were in risk of turning into a chief source of unsteadiness. The equity fizz that was considered ingenuity at the start of the innovative millennium was nearing boiling point, as plan makers were scratching their heads in the delusion that economies might carry on to develop no issue how lofty the stage of debt of private sector (Bartlett and William, 2007). Globalization Impact on Australian Economy: Business plans of Australia, since the mid 1990’s, have been rapidly increased to start home businesses to cater to the worldwide marketplace. The main area of concentration of structural reform has been to ‘focus the private region in Australia to further rivalry from equally local and worldwide resources’ (Gligorov and Vladimir, 2007). Australia has usually had elevated stages of security in the 1960’s in regions like fabrics, footwear and clothing and vehicle. By the beginning of 80s the successful fading of security in the TCF businesses was in surplus of 190 per cent and 56.2 per cent for traveller motor cars. Although, several people would argue that cutting security will decrease service. It is a proven fact that several businesses that were greatly defended throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s still face reduction of service and were unable to establish themselves in export marketplaces. Yearly Growth in Exports, Each Sector, 1998-99 to 2008-09. Sector % Manufacturing 15.6 Services 9.9 Minerals and Fuels 6.8 Rural 4.8 (Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2008), Australian National Accounts, 5206.0.) Globalisation Impact on Financial Markets: Over 52 per cent of the every day foreign exchange income experiences changes and alternatives. This enlargement in temporary fund shifts and hedging has augmented instability of exchange rate. The changes in the dollar of Australia in February 2002 appropriately reveal this. The declaration of a 1.1 per cent decrease in interest rate through the United States Federal Reserve direct to a plunge in the dollar of Australia through approximately 2.30 per cent within 22 hours (Kim and Kim, 2008). Usually, a decrease in interest rates must have raised the dollar of Australia other than foreign exchange dealers think that the decrease in rates of interest would raise returns in the United States, in the near prospect, therefore would raise the value of dollar in United States. But instantly after the next 48 hours the dollar of Australia had increased 4%. At this point dealers decided that the 1.2% rate decline could not be ample to stop a slump in the financial system of United States. These indecisions and conjectures have raised the instability in the prices and therefore the proper forecasting of these variations is essential (Kim and Kim, 2008). FDI Inflows distribution among developing countries, Total for 2000s (in per cent) (Source: Kovac, Oskar (2008), ‘FDI flows among developing countries and opportunities with Globalization’, Paper prepared for the AAASS Conference in Boca Raton, Florida, November) A Brief Comparison among Developing Countries: In the case of global trade – The share of India of exports of merchandise to world raised from .06 per cent to .08 per cent in the previous 2 years. In comparison, in the same period of time China’s share has tripled to approximately 3.9 per cent The share of India in the worldwide business is same to that of the Philippines but the market is 5 times lesser according to International Monetary Fund approximations. In the past periods foreign direct investment streams into India have a standard of approximately 0.6 per cent of Gross Domestic Product against 4 per cent of Brazil and 6.1 per cent for China. Foreign direct investment flows to China currently surpasses United State’s USD 55 billion per annum. In India’s case it is USD 5bn. (Hunter, 2008) Reasons behind fast growth of global trade: Development in worldwide interactions Fast development of the Asian Giants and emerging economies like India and China Improved status of living Control to market systems in Eastern Europe liberalization and Personalization of nationwide economies Deregulation of international resources economies Liberalization of business assisted through WTO, development and extension of the European Union Dip in transportation rates (Ronkainen, 2008) Businesses affected by the Globalization: Cross continent or border trades in the age of globalization is not considered risky or expensive work as earlier. In modern times, to stay in the market; aggression and assertiveness is the sure shot to success. Initiation of international trade would expose the entrepreneur to global dimensions and an understanding of the macro nature of todays market place. In contrast, if a company does not intend to be global and does not expose itself to global marketplace, it is unknowingly harming itself through lack of consumer demands which are so essential in modern business. It is devoid of important feedback which would have provided by the international customer. The business world today is a consumer driven market and competition is fierce. In these times time of globalization whoever caters first to the consumers survives and improves its long term prospects. With raise in customers’ insists and destruction of worldwide marketplace the global trade is anticipated to help numerous marketplaces in a satisfactory mode (Kretschmer and Hansjorg, 2008). Unseen and gradual shifting of financial changes in the current business scenario of the world might eventually damage trade. Investigations might cite that internationalization of globe trade has led to petroleum price problems, dip in share marketplaces, housing catastrophes, limited availability of assets, and on the whole a sense of constant survival like never before. With some unwanted characteristics in world market due to internalisation, traditional financial theory suggests that the interest rate these days bear resemblance to that of 1990. But these are just apprehension rather than facts with no proper evidence to back it up. The modern marketplace is the result of a international financial system which is performing the job of an easing aspect is a proven fact with all the data of developed and developing countries. It has been projected that by 2014 the mounting markets will report for 52 per cent of world Gross Domestic Product (Lopandic and Dusko, 2008). Globalization – Modern success stories Starting of closed market systems: Several successful increasing markets have been engaged in systematic reform of essential society standards which have gone unnoticed in the urbanized countries. The aspects which cause development and financial combination integrate possessions freedoms, legal process, published principle, personalization of state owned organizations, elimination of assets administration, and liberalization of standards connected FDI (Simic and Predrag, 2008). Business need: All multinationals are aware of the ethic that development in the fiscal position for the continuation of international organizations is dependent upon the services provided to the employees. Nowadays institutions are concentrating on better communications growth – utilities, Interactions, and well-provided transport facility. These initiations has progressively enhanced in comparison to what was a few years ago as a result of international standards. Increasing economies: Over the last decades India and China has observed a 10 per cent and 8 per cent of yearly development correspondingly. Markets currently typify younger society, growing number of educated and skilled people, rising middle income group populations, inspiring profits and development (Simic and Predrag, 2008). Measures responsible for the development of multinational corporations: Increases the life cycles of product Economic growth through globalization Initiatives are taken for lessening manufacturing costs Maintains a controlled production by cheap employment Deregulation of assets marketplaces Reduction in transport costs Exploration of rising marketplaces Prevention of excise and non excise obstructions Endorses vertical merger (Schott, 2008) Globalization is extremely significant to every executive nowadays, particularly those leading Information Systems plan in a business. This idea is particularly significant nowadays where they discover their selves challenging with industries or doing trade within the globe. According to Kretschmer and Hansjorg (2008), “though several big corporations have internationalized for many past years, the Web, in excess of several further incident, has facilitated the smallest corporation to have a worldwide existence”. The supports of the mobile devices and internet have raised the bar of internationalisation to new height irrespective of the fact that it is controlled by a man or machine. Worldwide delivery systems and Outsourcing, receive the benefits of the technology that is accessible to overcome the gaps among industries, their customers, providers, consumers and workers. Globalization gives new opportunities: Globalization is an event that has hastened in current periods, calling for further speedy response from undersized nations, several of which have restricted sources and capability to take action. Therefore, globalization carries chances in addition to challenges for small nations. So as to obtain benefits of such a process, these nations will have to assume what many have explained as a planned worldwide relocation of their economies (Watts, 2008). Policy Development by Public and Private Sector for Exploring New Opportunities: Measures on top of plan fronts and the skill to distinguish transforms, to take on and acclimatize to fresh technology, and to restructure quickly will decide the capability of the industrious segment in small nations to take action to the latest chances. Governments, organizations, and human beings should obtain familiar to a need of durability. Cash facilities and employ of IT and electronic commerce show two instances of the type of innovative chances on offer to small nations in the latest worldwide market. Previous parts of the mission team account, on the changeover to a novel worldwide business atmosphere and making capability, embark the type of home plans and outside help that will place small nations to receive benefits of these chances. The chances of manufacture of products and services in developed countries are based on their organizations’ capability to look for planned business unions. Corporations have to be supple, receptive, aggressive, pioneering, competent, and consumer-focused. The disintegration of global production procedures into divided phases in dissimilar nations and planned business unions has made it promising for systems of small organizations to defeat the restrictions of dimension and fight successfully against big companies. (Lopandic and Dusko, 2008) Conclusion: Globalization as a phenomenon is a very complex one. We have seen instances where developed nations might face a situation of stagnation, whereas some nations had have undergone financial catastrophe and practiced economic retrogression due to internalisation (Schott, 2008). Furthermore, we cannot deny the surprising emergence of upcoming powerhouses like China and India. They are proofs that global liberalization and competition enhances consumer price. It is safe to state that globalization has its benefits and ill effects. It impacts distinctive sectors, countries, businesses and sections in a dissimilar way. Even though developing countries might reap great rewards from it, uncontrolled and unregulated globalization may lead to economic turmoil. What we all agree upon is the fact that market economy in the hands of private enterprises and capitalists without proper supervision might lead to difficult situations reminiscent of neocolonialism. Essential steps should be taken at a national and international level to neutralize the harmful effects and to achieve the accolades of globalisation. Love it, hate it, the fact remain that globalization is here to stay. (2008, Cherunilam) The future of globalisation lies in these very hands……the future of globalisation lies with us. “It is people who are the objects of globalization and at the same time its subjects. What also follows logically from this is that globalization is not a law of nature, but rather a process set in train by people.”

Miroslava Chavez-Garcia’s book “Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s-1880s” Essay

assignment helper The studies about the womens emancipation, rights, and positions in the history can be found in many academic researches. However, Miroslava Chavez-Garcia’s book “Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s-1880s” is known to be one of the most precise researches that covered the dismissed history of so-called “West women”. The study analyzes the methods, which were used by Native and Mexican women to rebel the traditional Mexican, American and Spanish cultures in California rejecting the unstable contingencies from Spanish Catholic imposition in 1770s to Euro-American Protestant capitalist in 1880s. The author proceeds from the Spanish invasion to Mexican period in California in the six chapters. She focuses on the family relationships, the position of the women, the women rights. The main themes in Miroslavas research are the class, the ethnicity and the gender. Therefore, the main research questions are: How have women dealt with the class-, ethnicity- and gender-based hierarchies given by Mexican men authority? and In which manner were the Mexican mens and womens positions weakened by the Spanish conquest? The basic methodology which was used in the book is chronological approach, as the book covers the period from 1770s to 1880s. We cant but mention the descriptive method, the inter-subject analysis and the data analysis. The author has analyzed much data information, summarized it, and provided the deep analysis. The primary sources used in the research are numerous court cases on local, country and federal levels. In addition, the author researched territorial and local land records; churches, census and city council records; the variety of newspapers and families collections of papers. The first chapter is devoted to the sexual violence in the late eighteenth century. The author argues that the understanding of sexual differences was shaped by the Spanish conquest. In addition, she came to the conclusion that women had found many methods to rebel the patriarchs during the Mexican period. She investigates how women got marriage and the process of family immigration according to the Spanish settlement strategy. Due to this strategy, the marriage, Hepatic women and the family were crucial elements in producing the stable society, which was needed for the Spanish conquest. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Examining legitimacy, inheritance, and divorce, the author shows the way in which Mexican womens and mens positions were weakened by the Spanish conquest on the one hand, and the social relationships between the men and Mexican women, on the other hand. Having researched the documents of the legal courts, Miroslava Chavez-Garcia confirmed that the gender issues played a crucial role in California in the periods of Mexican and Spanish eras. Californian, Mexican, and Native American women used the legal system and property rights in Spanish and Mexican California in order to improve their living conditions and achieve independence. According to the author, the women were good at conducting negotiations. In order to achieve the upward mobility, they used Negotiation Conquest. One of the parts of negotiating the womens emancipation and power was negotiating the mens power. Nevertheless, although most of the researched documents were set in 1840s and many parts were lost, the author managed to make the conclusion that women were very good at manipulating. Thus, the women had a right to sue their husbands if they were irresponsible fathers, or illegally owned the lands. The power shift led to the womens independence, which, in its turn, led to the decrease of physical abuse among women. In Chapter 4, the author highlights the divorce theme. She claims that the experience of women who sought divorce in California was historically significant, as the possibility to divorce only stimulated the will to challenge the husbands and stop intolerant marriages. The divorce was the only possible opportunity for women to recover their rights for the property, which they owned before marriage. What is more, the majority of women didnt choose the option to divorce, because they didnt want to disturb the principles of morality. However, the minority of those, who asked for divorce, and changed their life for good, made the significant impact on those who couldnt do that. As a result, very soon the number of women who was not afraid of divorce had increased. Miroslava Chavez-Garcias research showed that the legal opportunity to divorce changed the society a lot. Especially, the focus should be made on the peoples way of thinking. Many social changes impacted Spanish-speaking and Native American women after the American conquest of California. We will write a custom Essay on Miroslava Chavez-Garcia’s book “Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s-1880s” specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chapter 5 describes that the changes in the legal and political systems have undermined womens economic status. In addition, ethic biases have greatly affected Native American women curtailing civil and land rights. In 1850-60s the law, according to which Native Americans were excluded from the cultural, social and legal worlds inhabited by Mexicans, Euro-Americans and Californians, was enacted. The most important change, though, was the womens ability to be independent and possibility to sustain their families and themselves. The story in Chapter 6 shows the post-conquest factor with increased illegitimacy for children, whose mothers were Native American or Spanish women. The abandoned women were forced to seek for economic opportunities somewhere far from Los Angeles. In order to survive and support their children, they had to find other men. The story is very interesting as it shows the women who are ready to protect their children under any circumstances, and their readiness for sacrifice.

Week 6 DQ#2- Rob

Week 6 DQ#2- Rob. I need an explanation for this Political Science question to help me study.

Week 6 Discussion Question #2
Please answer the following Question in a minimum of 100 words.
The SDOH model is very commonly used when looking at health and illness in the US population. This model was used to describe cardiovascular disease (CVD) in your readings. Explain what the model is, how it was used to understand CVD. Finally, provide your own example (not CVD) where the conceptual model also applies to help understand a different state of health and well-being of older adults.Make sure you are supporting your work with citations and references.
Week 6 DQ#2- Rob

Writing a research paper.

Writing a research paper.. I’m working on a Article Writing exercise and need support.

Imagine the study you would like to conduct – even if it is just an imaginary study. Think about what you want to investigate and how you would pose your research question. Fill out the items below. Complete the items below.

Please write a purpose statement for your study.
Describe the target population that your study could be generalized to.
Please write a research question for your study.
Label each kind of variable. For example, you may have an independent and dependent variable. You may have treatment, control, and confounding variables.
Pick two variables. Write down operational definitions for each. In other words, tell me exactly how the variables will be measured (data collected).
Reflection: What is still unclear about the process of posing a research question and defining variables?  

Writing a research paper.