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The Analysis Of Translation Errors

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Translation is one of the means that people use to other languages betterbecause there are a lot of languages spoken in this world. Since there are so many cultures and ideas shared in this world, Indonesians need to learn other languages and one of them is English. In order to be able to exchange ideas with people in other countries, Indonesians need to be proficient in spoken and written English. However the majority of Indonesian people do not speak English. That is why they have to learn English from the basic. For themtranslation is a necessary skill. One of the problems in translation is that sometimes a translator cannot transfer messages well (CITATION HERE). But because Indonesians lack of translation skills, the writer found that some works of translation do not have the same message as the original writer wants to tell to the target language. Translating a sentence can be challenging,. It should tell the context that the original language wants to tell and it must be of the same meaning. According to Nida, “translation is the reproduction in a target language of the closest natural equivalent of the source language message” (Nida, 1982, 208). If translators cannot translate the messages accurately, the readers will have difficulty in understanding the messages. To understanding the messages accurately, the translation skill must be taught and mastered. According to Gabrielatos (1998), translation has a long history in English Language Teaching. Many teachers use translation techniques to deliver their teaching materials. Translation is most frequently used as a convenient shortcut when teaching vocabulary, by providing ‘equivalents’ in the learners’ mother tongues. The other reason is that a lot of written media, such as books, modules, novels, magazines are translated into English language. Translation skill is a basic skill in English. In order to understand English texts well, a person needs to be able to translate or even master the translation skill. Translation skill is also important for someone who works with TV or movie production. Translation work focuses in the area of education, particularly in higher education. In the Faculty of Letters, students learn the translation skills; they have to take translation class. The Faculty of Letters offers two levels of translation class. In the basic translation class, students learn how to translate English readings or paragraphs to Indonesian. In the more advanced class, students learn to translate Indonesian paragraphs or articles into English Unfortunately, many students cannot master the translation skill well. Due to such problems, the writer is concerned that the work of translation would be seen by the other English learners. They still have to learn that the essence of translation is to translate the sentence thoroughly, not by a word. By seeing the result of translation above, the students still face an ambiguity of Indonesian word, phrase, and sentence. In this study, the writer wants to investigate whether student translations are accurate or not and to find out the most common errors in their translation. FIELD OF THE STUDY This study is in the field of Linguistics SCOPE OF THE STUDY In doing his research, the writer intends to examine the error analysis in translation. He is interested in analyzing the grammatical errors in students’ translations. However, spelling errors which do not affect the content and the grammar of the text are ignored. PROBLEM FORMULATION In this study, the research problem is content and grammatical errors in translation. This study will address the following research questions: What translation error occurs in the students’ translation? What type of content and grammatical errors occur in the translation? What is the most dominant errors in translation? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study are as follows: To investigate the kind of translation errors in students’ translation. To find type of content and grammatical errors occur in the translation. To compare the dominant translation error, whether grammatical or content errors occur in translation. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The writer hopes that this analysis can contribute to the discussion of content and grammatical errors in translation. The result of this study will hopefully help English learners to improve their translation skill. If they are aware of the most common mistakes in translation, they will be able to avoid such errors. In addition, this study will provide suggestions and recommendations that learners and teachers can implement. DEFINITION OF TERMS a. Translation error : can not deliver the meaning correctly b. Content error : failed to share ideas from the original text c. Grammatical error : going out from the rule of a grammar in context CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Translation Scholars define translation in different ways. Some define the term translation on the basis of the essence and the process of translation. According to Catford, the meaning of translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent material in another language (Catford, 1965). In Catford’s definition, the purpose of translation study is to convey an intended meaning of a material in the source Language (SL) into target Language (TL). So, the meaning in SL has to be equivalent with that in TL. Savory (1968) suggests that “Translation is made possibly by an equivalent of thought that lies behind it different verbal expression.” This means that the essence of translation lies on the equivalent thought. It means that the main ideas in the source language are the same as those in the target language. Nida and Taber define the meaning of translation by focusing it on the process of translation. They state that “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style” (1982). Their definition is the complete one. They state that in the TL, the meaning and the style (structure or grammar) must be as natural as possible, so the result of the translation does not look like a translation work. In those definitions, there are three similar ideas. Firstly, there is a process of transferring from one language into another language. The second one is that the meaning has to be retained. The last, the translator must carry the closest equivalent idea in the target language. 2.2 Common Problems in Translation Newmark (1988) and Barnet
WU Wk 6 Medical Social Work Caring for Mentally Ill Patients Response Discussion.

Respond to at least two different colleagues’ postings in one or more of the following ways: Expand on your colleague’s posting by explaining additional challenges caregivers might face when caring for individuals with mental illness. Offer a different intervention that might also address caregivers’ challenges. Explain how the local resources your colleague described are similar to or different from the resources in your local area. Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights you have gained as a result of your colleagues’ comments. Use Reference DB 1 Lorie— Post a brief explanation of how the deinstitutionalization policy has affected inpatient psychiatric care. Since the 1950s, the creation of policies in the United States has been gradually decreasing inpatient psychiatric hospital beds and there has been a shift to deinstitutionalize those who are mentally ill and release them to be cared for in community mental health services (Hudson, 2016).The costs of this shift have been attributed to homelessness, nursing home care, and criminalization of the mentally ill (Hudson, 2016), but it also impacts inpatient psychiatric care with more individuals in the community needing specialized inpatient care.Hospitals with specialized psychiatric units are critical for the treatment of mental health disorders that may not be provided by community outpatient services, such as crisis care, short-term detoxification, complex drug therapy, and stabilization of patients (Stensland et al., 2012). Hospitals had to create inpatient psychiatric units to manage the population that was no longer living in institutions. Then, explain how the policy affects the roles of psychiatric social workers in providing care for patients with mental illness. Psychiatric social workers care for individuals who are mostly “suicidal, homicidal, or decompensating (experiencing the rapid return of severe or psychotic symptoms) to such a degree that they cannot care for themselves nor respond to community-based interventions” (Beder, 2013, p. 158). This requires specialized training and working with a multidisciplinary team.Johns Hopkins Medicine reports social workers in the psychiatric unit of the hospital are involved in educating patients and their families on how to best manage their illness and where to get the support they will need in the community. This role would be essential due to the deinstitutionalization policies that shift care to the community. Considering the policy, explain the challenges and issues caregivers face when caring for individuals with mental illness. The move to deinstitutionalize mental health has brought challenges to not just the community, but also the family members who are caregivers.Their responsibilities have increased where they are now dealing with more caregiving, frequently experiencing stigma, shame, and they may be blamed for the illness, treatment non-adherence, and other harmful effects (Beder, 2013).In the institution, their loved one was cared for by professionals who were trained and had specialized skills. Identify three resources (provide name and web address) available in your local area (county or state) to support patients with mental illness and caregivers. Explain whether these resources are adequate to meet the needs of mental illness patients and caregivers. Justify your response. The following are three local resources that support those with mental illness and their caregivers: The National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI)– Tri-Cities https://namitricities.org/ Lourdes Counseling https://www.yourlourdes.com/mental-health Comprehensive Healthcare https://comphc.org/locations/pasco-2/ NAMI can help individuals and families feel less stigmatized by connecting them with others in the community.Lourdes and Comprehensive Healthcare use professionals that are experienced in mental health and they provide comprehensive specialized inpatient and outpatient treatment.They can also link families to other resources and referrals in the community that can help improve their quality of life. References Beder, J. (2006). Hospital social work: The interface of medicine and caring. Routledge. Hudson, C.G. (2016). A model of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care across 161 nations: 2001-2014. International Journal of Mental Health, 45(2), 135-153. Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). The history of psychiatry social work. Retrieved from http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/expert_t… Stensland, M., Watson, P. R., & Grazier, K. L. (2012). An examination of costs, charges, and payments for inpatient psychiatric treatment in community hospitals. Psychiatric Services, 63(7), 666-671. DB 2 Erika— A brief explanation of how the deinstitutionalization policy has affected inpatient psychiatric care: According to Hudson, deinstitutionalization is associated with income inequality, racial and ethnic diversity, low population density, a high Human Development Index, psychiatric commitment laws, high incarceration rates, among other conditions. The deinstitutionalization movement, which shifted patients to the community for care, took off in the 1950’s shift to the community (Beder, 2006). The purpose of this shift occurred because of the growing need for mental health services, and it cost taxpayers too much to fund these services.The policy freed up space to help sick patients and lighten inpatient mental health workers’ workload.The policy created more jobs for mental health workers in the community.With the passage of the Community Mental Health Act in the 1960s, the federal government assumed most of the financial burden for a huge portion of the mental health services provided. How the policy affects the roles of psychiatric social workers in providing care for patients with mental illness: The demand for psychiatric social workers grew, and they could provide longer in and outpatient services.According to Beder, with the person-in-environment perspective, it seems natural that social workers would have become central players in developing and implementing psychiatric services. Explain the challenges and issues caregivers face when caring for individuals with mental illness. The caregivers are not trained properly to handle the actions of their family members with mental illness. Depending on the patient’s age, it is hard to seek help because they still have rights even in their unstable condition. If the person is a danger to themselves or others, there are some legal options for the family member to have them admitted to the psychiatric facility—involuntary evaluation and treatment (302) to a psychiatric unit in a community hospital. Voluntary Commitment (“201”) A voluntary commitment may be appropriate for anyone 14 years of age or older who is experiencing a mental health crisis and feels that an in-patient stay is necessary for his/her safety. Emergency evaluation (aka “a 302”): This is typically the first step of involuntary treatment. When a person is believed to be a danger to themselves or others due to mental illness, they can be taken to a hospital and evaluated by a physician. Identify three resources (provide name and web address) in your local area (county or state) to support patients with mental illness and caregivers. 1. MHMR of Tarrant County- www.mhmrtarrant.org 2. NAMI Tarrant County- http://www.namitarrant.org 3. Trinity Springs -https://www.jpshealthnet.org/locations/trinity-spr… Explain whether these resources are adequate to meet the needs of mental illness patients and caregivers. Justify your response. MHMR provides help to children, adolescents, and adults with severe mental illness and other serious emotional disturbances.MHMR of Tarrant County is an income-based outpatient clinic. Some individuals with health insurance may be served if MHMR accepts that type of insurance. The resource is not adequate because they can only service a specific number of patients per day. If you have insurance, you are only allowed one initial visit, and then you are referred to (JPS). John Peter Smith hospital is mainly for the uninsured population; however, insured patients are welcomed.Trinity Springs is located on the grounds of JPS. They provide in-patient mental health care to a select number of patients. Overall, there is a shortage of funds, workers, and space to service a large population of mentally ill individuals. According to the government website, The State of Texas has only 10 state mental hospitals. From personal experience, It seems you are penalized for having health insurance through your employer or retirement. Most of the free or reduced services such as crisis line to get a patient admitted is for the uninsured. When a person is having a crisis, it shouldn’t matter if there have insurance or not. References: Beder, J (2006) Hospital Social Work: The Interface of Medicine and Caring. Routledge: New York, NY. Chapter 14, “Social Work on the Psychiatric Unit” (pp. 151-161). Hudson, Christopher J.(2016)A Model of Deinstitutionalization of Psychiatric Care across 161 Nations: 2001–2014,International Journal of Mental Health,45:2,135-153,DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2016.1167489
WU Wk 6 Medical Social Work Caring for Mentally Ill Patients Response Discussion

What were the causes behind the emergence of female terrorists that arose in Russia after 1900? One of the causes was the movement by Social Revolutionist Party that found strong support among women. The liberal views that were predominant at that time led to women fighting alongside men for a chance at a revolution. A great part of the want to participate in the movement women gained from personal, emotional and social factors. They were psychologically determined to get themselves involved in the fight for a brighter future. A social revolution became a way of life and women were feeling more empowered than ever. They were also influenced by ideas of feminism and the benefits that the movement could bring. The rebellion was contagious, and women were gaining success in the feminist movement. Even though times seemed to have been changing, the old ways and social ideas were still dominant. This was another factor that led to women wanting to make reforms, and it reflected in their behavior (Noonan 2001). What were the characteristic features of the Russian women’s movement during the reign of Alexander II? The time during Alexander II reign was much beneficial for women. It was considered to be one of the most successful women’s movements in Europe. This was due to the liberal behaviors of the government and social changes. There was a great expansion of education and employment for women and other numerous opportunities that were not available before. The social beliefs that a woman must be a mother and a wife were dramatically changing. Women were receiving more rights to get a proper education and enjoy the benefit of social and economic needs of the time. As Russia’s social life was beginning to slowly change there became a dire need for doctors, teachers and even technicians. Women were glad to take up the working force and extend their rights in a practical way. The movement of Russia’s civil and political rights was greatly noticeable and was drastically different from the rest of Europe. The feminist movement was thought to be one of the most liberal and fair ones of those times (Bisha 2002). What are the differences between Kollontai’s and Krupskaya’s approaches to the “women question”? Alexandra Kollontai was growing up in an ordered and structured environment. As a result, she believed that women must be enlightened in the revolutionary changes that were taking place, and have a rightful hand at implementing new policies and understanding of the women’s movement. She was also more gentle and activist like, as she travelled a lot to find the right place where her ideas and direction could be useful and bring results. Nadezhda Krupskaya, on the other hand, was more assertive and socially involved domestically. As she was Vladimir Lenin’s wife, she was heavily affected by his ideologies which transferred over to the views on women’s social changes. She was even involved in the decisions that were being made in regards to abortion and strongly opposed certain criteria that were presented (Lapidus 1978). Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More What steps towards the emancipation of women were taken by Lenin’s government? Vladimir Lenin and the government were supporters of women’s liberation. They wanted to give more rights to women who were working and were lower than average socio-economic class. Women’s movement and ideas of the government were a great part of the social changes that Lenin and his supporters were trying to make. Lenin was responsible for organizing a group of Social-Democrats who were greatly involved in the worker’s movement in St. Petersburg. As Lenin was making all possible uses of illegal press, he created pamphlets that advocated women’s rights and their contribution in the social make-up of the nation. His speeches were filled with gratitude and pride of women heroes who had given all their efforts and even lives for the social cause. He also made the public realize that peasant women were greatly oppressed and that society must change its views. He made sure that women became instrumental in the social work that was so needed for the revolution and a new understanding to take place (Denisova 2010). How did the policies and campaigns that were implemented in Soviet Russia in the 1930s affect Soviet women? According to several historical resources, women were gaining more rights and freedoms. Employment, education and professional development were among a few cited benefits that women were affected by. The industry and agriculture were employing women in great numbers, which allowed for changes in the social life. Also, personal family matters were influenced, as women became the centre of the family and would play a major role in the raising of children, both intellectually and ethically (Pushkareva 1997). There are other views that report of this changing situation being overplayed by the government. Even though women’s rights were not as liberal as wanted, they still greatly contributed to the nation and increased its capital by working in almost all professional fields. But the fact that women comprised a large portion of the working force was underplayed; their efforts were still underestimated which had an influence on women’s position towards the social changes that were starting to take a more controversial turn (Johanson 1987) What important roles did Soviet women play during World War 2? During World War II, Soviet women were instrumental in the manufacturing field. They were greatly involved in the industry, transportation and production of military equipment. Hundreds of thousands were in live combat and became highly decorated heroes of the nation. Not only were there women pilots and infantry, there were tank operators, medical nurses and assistants, political correspondents and even snipers (Sakaida 2003). A lot of women participated in the partisan movement and selflessly gave their best efforts. We will write a custom Essay on Women’s Struggle in Russia specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When captured, they would keep secret information from the Germans and did not break under torture and beatings. Many women were spreading propaganda and secret correspondence. Others participated in sabotaging German troops and echelons. Even though women’s role in the war was obvious there was still much gender discrimination. When Joseph Stalin emancipated women, not a lot has changed and thus, the nation was short of combat soldiers (Noggle 1994). What problems did Soviet women face during Khrushchev and Brezhnev times? During the ruling of Khrushchev, there were many claims that stated how women were being liberated, especially during the social revolution. The government acknowledged the contribution that women have made, which resulted in social, political and economic policy making in women’s favor. The fight for gender equality was gaining momentum and labor relations were becoming characterized by equality in the workplace. Masculinity of the social make-up and the division of roles was becoming less noticeable, so it is possible to say that the government took steps to better the existing conditions (Smith 2011). In Brezhnev times, many laws that were forgotten and not supported came into full force. Abortion was legalized and women became a rightful part of the society and family life. The government was aiming to increase wages and working conditions for women, but the society was very predisposed to any major shift in gender roles. Divorce process was made easier and the number of social programs was increased. The centers for children and care programs became of great aid to those women who wanted to pursue professional careers (Matthews 1989). Reference List Bisha, R 2002, Russian Women, 1698-1917: Experience and Expression, An Anthology of Sources, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN. Denisova, L 2010, Rural Women in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia, Taylor

Analysis of Where have all the parents gone

Analysis of Where have all the parents gone. In the movie, Child of Divorce, a young girl’s parents got divorced; this affected her physically and mentally. This is an example in the society today, as each child sees their parents fighting and arguing, which lead to divorcing, it will affect them as they grow older because a child has to choose between two parents to live with. Nowadays, there is a higher percentage of divorce of a child’s parents and others just stayed single. What aspects should of a child’s life should be a Parent control? All aspects should be control until a child reaches an independent stage of making the right decisions in his or her life. In addition, what happened to the loving parents? All parents are too busy to have time for their children or have a family dinner every night. Furthermore, what are parents’ job descriptions? One would be being a role model to their kids so as they grow each kid would be able to follow their parents’ footsteps to be successful. Another would be to training them as grown, mature and independent person. In the article, “Where Have All the Parents Gone?” by Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, she talked about the social issue towards children being our future and she expressed her opinions about parents should be responsible for raising their children because most parents are too busy working to be involve in their own child’s life, which will cause them to make wrong decisions. Also, as the generation grows, little by little the society changed because parents became brutally murderers to their own children and children rebelled. As a result, I agree with Whitehead’s article because parents are responsible for their own children’s actions for them to be independent, spending time with their children will built up a relationship, and teaching them their values will make them appreciate what parents do for them. First, children should be independent by their parents guiding them through their life. “[…] virtually every child in America grows up in a family with one or more parents. Parents house children. Parents feed children. Parents clothe children. Parents nurture and protect children. Parents instruct children in everything from using a fork to driving” (Whitehead 224). This demonstrates that parents are guiding their children from being an immature child to a mature grown up by making feel them the love that parents give them. As the children grows older, they will eventually realized what their parents taught them will be useful and helpful. They could be independent without relying on their parents. Furthermore, it is important that teaching their children from right and wrong, helping them with their decisions from right and wrong will lead to having a trust within themselves, so that they could go on with their own lives with what they learned from their parents. Second, if the parents spend more time with their kids, it will build up a stronger family relationship. “[…] a second income became essential. […] struggling to pay the bills, l parents seems to be short-changing their children in another way. They weren’t spending enough time with their kids […]” (Whitehead 226). This demonstrates that parents should be able to balance their time for work and family because even though they need to make salary to pay for their bills. There should not be a reason why they can not have time to spend time with their children. Each parents decided to have children for a reason, which is to build a family on their own and to be proud parents when their kids succeed on becoming a doctor, nurse and so forth. In addition, being a parent is not a easy job; however they should think it thoroughly having kids because what is the use of having kids when a parent all he or she does is work and not have time to spend with their kids. For example, the parents should be able to teach their kids how to cook, how to bake, help them with their homework and so forth. Therefore, in the future, when their own kids have children, they will imitate what their parents did to them to their children, which is always working and not have time for their children. Third, parents should be teaching their values to their children, so their children will appreciate what parents do for them. “[…] most important, they weren’t teaching good values” (Whitehead 226). This demonstrates that parents does not have time to even teach their children their values, so how can their children learn from them when they are suppose to be their role models. For example, each parent has different culture or history background, they should teach their children the values of their religion/culture and history of they originated from. In addition, many young women gets pregnant at a young age, which shows that parents should watch over their children more often and protect them for their own safety plus educate them how education is important to finish for their future. Also, it is important to show the significance of the parent’s values because when the parents die, their children will be able to carry this values and pass it to their future children, so it will be pass through generation by generation. In conclusion, Parents should be able to show their values to their children so they would be more appreciated from their children. There should not be excuses or reasons why parents do not have time for their children. Even though, parents are struggling, they should be able to show their children how they can face their problems without committing crime. Also, parents should be able to express their love for their children, so they can feel the love of their parents. Lastly, educating their children will make them successful, teaching them their values will make them appreciate their parents and have a future. Work Cited Whitehead, Barbara Dafoe. “Where Have All The Parents Gone?” 75 Readings: An Anthology. 11th ed. Ed. Santi V. Buscemi, Charlotte Smith. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2010.222-229.Print. Analysis of Where have all the parents gone

1. Assuming the bond is classified as AC, prepare the entries for 2007 for Bertrum, including adjusting entries at the 31 December year-end.

assignment writer 1. Assuming the bond is classified as AC, prepare the entries for 2007 for Bertrum, including adjusting entries at the 31 December year-end..

On 1 May 2007, Bertrum Ltd. purchased $1,000,000 of Fox Corp. 6.2% bonds. The bonds pay semi-annual interest each 1 May and 1 November. The market interest rate was 6% on the date of purchase. The bonds mature on 1 November 2011.1. Assuming the bond is classified as AC, prepare the entries for 2007 for Bertrum, including adjusting entries at the 31 December year-end.2. Assume instead that the investment is classified as FVOCI-Bond and prepare the entries for 2007, assuming that the fair value of the bond was $1,050,000 on 31 December 2007.
1. Assuming the bond is classified as AC, prepare the entries for 2007 for Bertrum, including adjusting entries at the 31 December year-end.

Digital/Computer Forensics— essay

Digital/Computer Forensics— essay. I’m trying to learn for my Computer Science class and I’m stuck. Can you help?

Law enforcement professionals and investigators use digital forensic methods to solve crimes every day. Locate one current news article that explains how investigators may have used these techniques to solve a crime. Explain the crime that was solved and the methods used to determine how the crime was committed. Some examples of crimes solved may include locating missing children, finding criminals who have fled the scene of a crime, or unsolved crimes from the past that have been solved due to the use of new techniques (such as DNA testing).
Your written assignment should be 3-4 paragraphs in your own words, and should include a reference citation for your source of information.
Digital/Computer Forensics— essay

Tourism In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Tourism In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is known to the world as the center of Islam and one of the very few countries in the world to have maintained Islamic law the sharia. According to the U.S department of state (2010) Saudi Arabia remained as an absolute monarchy until 1992, at which time the Saud royal family introduced the country’s first constitution based on the sharia. With an area of about 865,000 square miles, Saudi Arabia is roughly one-third the size of the continental United States, and the same size as all of Western Europe. Saudi Arabia’s oil region and main source of wealth lies along the Persian Gulf. This oil-derived wealth allowed the country to provide free health care and education while not collecting any taxes from its people. At the time of World War II Saudi Arabia had one-third of all known oil reserves, but falling demand and rising production outside the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) endangered the country with domestic unrest and undermining its influence in the Gulf area. However, they swiftly recovered with a blossoming economy. Standard of living is calculated by ranks, such as real income per person and poverty ranks. Measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality and educational standards are also used. The best statistic for measuring standard of living is the same one the UN uses to measure the level of development of a nation. The human development index (HDI) which is used as an alternative to measuring GDP in order to determine the country’s well-being. The HDI provides a measure of the average three aspects of human development, living a long and healthy life, education and having a decent standard of living. According to the latest U.N human development report (2007) Saudi Arabia’s HDI value is .843. This denotes that Saudi Arabia ranks high on the human development index. Other aspects taken into consideration when measuring the kingdom’s HDI are life expectancy rates, under 5 mortality rates, and literacy rate. According to the latest U.N human development report (2007) Saudi Arabia’s life expectancy rate is 72.7 years old. The under 5 mortality rate in Saudi Arabia is 21.27 deaths per 1,000 according to the World Bank (2008). In terms of literacy rate only 85% of Saudi Arabians are literate. The Saudi government is working on improving the literacy rate in Saudi Arabia. According to the latest U.N human development report (2009) Saudi Arabia’s GDP rank minus HDI rank is at -19 a negative number indicates that the HDI rank is lower than the GDP per capita (PPP US$) and that poverty is low in that country. Gender inequality occurs on a daily bases in Saudi Arabia. According to Abdella (2010) the kingdom allows men to twice the inheritance that women are allowed. Women are required to have a guardian escort them for many of life’s daily tasks. Without the presence of a guardian, a woman cannot study, access health services, marry, travel abroad, have a business or even access an ambulance in an emergency. Saudi women do not have the right to drive. It is illegal for a woman to be in the company of a man who is not in her immediate family. Young women are still not allowed to study certain subjects, such as geology however it is indicated that women can travel abroad alone for studies .On the subject of polygamy, men are permitted by law to have up to four wives. Women do not have equal access to the courts or an equal opportunity to obtain justice. Abdella (2010) acknowledged that the government ought to evaluate laws and policies and revise basic Laws in order to ensure gender equality and exclude the discrimination of women. In Saudi Arabia population growth is outpacing the economic growth and availability of services and infrastructure in the country. The CIA world fact book (2010) proved that by contrast to the U.S, Saudi Arabia experiences a high population growth rate of 1.85%. Saudi Arabia’s growth rate is lower than average developing countries, which is typically around 2.5%; but higher than the U.S 1% population growth rate. Due to its population Growth Issues Saudi Arabia is facing difficulties in providing jobs, water, food and energy to its indigenous young population and there is a widening gap between the ability of the economy to create jobs and the population growth rate. A major difference between economic growth and human development is that economic growth focuses on the enlargement of income, while Human development focuses on enlarging all human options. According to United Nations human Development Program (2010) education, health, clean environment and material well being do not necessarily depend on income. Thus, the options available for improving people’s lives are inclined to the quality of economic growth in its wider sense, and the impact is by no means confined to quantitative aspects of such growth. The end goal of investment in human capital, in terms of health, education, nutrition and training, is to boost production and generate additional income. Investments in physical infrastructure are a crucial attribute of Saudi Arabia’s current economic development drive. According to Hayward (2009) the kingdom seeks to reduce its reliance on the oil industry. Saudi Arabia announced a huge economic stimulus budget for 2009, allocating more money for education and an increase in public spending by 15.8 per cent. The Saudi Government plans to spend a tremendous amount of money on infrastructure projects in the next five years as the kingdom seeks to benefit from lower construction costs amid the global financial crunch. The construction division will be motivated by the launch of six economic cities to be completed by 2020. According to Hayward (2009) these six new industrialized cities will diversify Saudi Arabia’s economy and are expected to amplify GDP. Projects currently underway in the Kingdom include two huge railway initiatives, which will boost trade and tourism networks. Work continues to expand in Saudi Arabia’s port network as the country contests with other Gulf States to offer a gateway to Middle East markets. With the expanding population growth issues the pressure is being put forth on the country’s utilities. The Saudi agricultural sector is the second largest industry in the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia has achieved immense agricultural development, conquering the difficulties of scarce rain, meager subterranean water, limited local manpower and widely dispersed cultivatable lands. According to the CIA world fact book (2010) many individuals migrate to Saudi Arabia for employment. In 2009 only 6.75% of the population was employed in agriculture and 21.40% employed in the services. Agriculture has grown at an average annual rate of 8.7 percent since 1970 and accounts for more than 9.4 percent of Saudi Arabia’s GDP. According to The Saudi network (2010) in order to maintain agriculture, the Saudi Government has built more than 200 dams to preserve rainwater, with storage capacity of 689 million cubic meters. In order to finance this development, the Saudi Agricultural Bank was established in 1964. It is a specialized agricultural bank; it extends long-term, interest-free loans to farmers and agricultural companies. According to The Saudi network (2010) the Saudi Government has also supplied seeds and saplings at nominal prices. It has afforded veterinary and agricultural guidance and plant protection services. Other measures include the purchase of strategic agricultural crops, such as wheat and barley at high prices, through the General Organization for Grain Silos and Flour Mills. Public discussion about environmental issues has increased significantly throughout Saudi Arabia, Following a series of floods in the Kingdom. According to the Saudi network (2010) the most important environmental issue facing Jeddah is sewage. The estimates on the area of the city that is currently connected to the sewer pipes vary from 8-14%, with around 80% of houses using septic tanks. In recent years, the waste from the city’s septic tanks has been discarded in the Briman Sewage Lake, better known as Musk Lake centre. However, environmental and health anxiety following last year’s floods, coupled with a royal decree ordering the emptying of the lake, have prompted city officials to find alternate solutions. The use of percolating pits – septic tanks without a concrete bottom that allow sewage to drain into the ground led to soil and underground water contamination as well as a rise in the water table. The lack of a proper sewer system has created an ecological calamity. Global warming has also affected Saudi Arabia more than any other country recently. The temperature in Saudi Arabia has never allowed it to snow in Saudi Arabia. However, due to global warming it recently snowed in Saudi Arabia. Due to political conflict resulting from the wiki leaks incident the Saudi government is hesitant towards implementing environmental policies. No country in the world will be spared from the effects of the financial crisis and resulting in a global recession. According to Bourland (2008) For Saudi Arabia, it has completely shifted the focus of economic policy from controlling inflation to restoring confidence in the financial sector. We see the following key implications for the Saudi economy. Oil prices will be significantly lower than previously anticipated and reduced production will exacerbate the impact on oil revenues. Finance for local and foreign companies doing business in the Kingdom will be less easily available and more expensive. According to Bourland (2008) economic growth will slow as problems accessing suitably priced financing and lower oil revenues delay project implementation and impair confidence. Lower oil revenues will mean the end to the huge budget and current account surpluses of recent years. Sharply lower commodity prices and a strengthening of the riyal will cause inflation to fall back rapidly over the next 12 months. Due to corruption in Saudi Arabia, the Public choice theory would help improve Saudi Arabia. The Public choice theory is most effective when government agents are self interested and will not do things in the public interest and in situations where the government is corrupt. Public choice theory encourages minimized Government and maximized market in development strategies. Government policies in Saudi Arabia encourage gender, social, and educational inequality. Corruption is perceived as significant. According to the index of economic freedom (2010) Saudi Arabia ranks 80th out of 179 countries in transparency. International’s Corruption Perceptions Index for 2008. The absence of transparency in government accounts and decision-making encourages a perception of corruption on the part of some members of the royal family and in the executive branch. Government procurement is an area of concern. Bribes, often disguised as commissions, are allegedly commonplace. Corruption is currently preventing Saudi Arabia from reaching its full economic potential. The less fortunate population of Saudi Arabia relies on paying off officials to get things done. Those without money are always left behind. Even wealthy citizens are affected by corruption due to the fact that they are unable to invest and expand their wealth. Crime rates are very low in Saudi Arabia due to their extreme punishments set by sharia laws. Consequently, crime does not have a significant impact on Saudi Arabia’s economic development. The main problem pertaining to crime in Saudi Arabia is its transnational trafficking Issues. According to the result of the Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) Saudi Arabia has become a destination country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are allegedly subjected to involuntary servitude physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their movement. Domestic workers are predominantly vulnerable because they are restricted to the house in which they work, without being able to seek help. According to the result of the Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni, Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for commercial sexual exploitation Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy. The national government consists of a Council of Ministers, headed by the King, who holds the post of the Prime Minister. Its absolute monocracy regime has helped increase corruption within Saudi Arabia. The kingdom would be a very poor country without its oil revenues. There is a definite need for economic diversification for economic diversification is Saudi Arabia. Inequality and corruption are also major economic setbacks for Saudi Arabia. Gender inequality and human right violations occur on a daily bases in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, the government uses whatever interpretation of the Quran that is convenient for them in order to justify their greed and human Right Violations. Tourism In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia