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Techniques For Providing Water To Arid Regions An Environmental Sciences Essay

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Techniques For Providing Water To Arid Regions An Environmental Sciences Essay. Introduction About 30% of entire worldwide land area includes populated arid and semi-arid areas. The major obstacle to socio economic development in these areas is Water shortages. The essential ideology for the allocation of water resources are effectiveness, equity, and sustainability, with the endeavor of give the utmost advantage for society, environment and economy, at the same time as to maintain reasonable allocation amid various areas and people. Sustainable economic development in arid and semi-arid areas relies a lot on sustainable water resource management. The lucid allocation of water resources needs a multifaceted balance between demand and supply, in various economic sectors particularly athwart sub-areas in arid and semi-arid climate areas. Regional development planning needs to incorporate economic objectives with issue including historical, technological, and natural resource constraints. Jointly, these factors effect populace distribution, economic structure and prototype of ecology and therefore, the extent of water distributed for these purposes in arid and semi-arid areas. Regional community, economic and ecological dissimilarity necessitate special sustainable development strategies in province of water scarcity. This study assesses the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world. Background Brisk industrialization, urbanization, and population growth in arid countries are wielding rising pressure on local water authorities and water planners to gratify the emergent urban water demand. Since accessibility of conventional sources of fresh water lacks for drinking use, seawater water desalination, in accumulation to partial groundwater resources, are the chief water supply sources for urban utilization. In last two decades, urban water stress has increased considerably, owing to fast urbanization and industrialization, population growth and development in living standards. Facts and Figures With a soaring average growth rate of over 3.4% the population amplified from around 17.688 million in 1970 to 38.52 million in 1995. It is predicted to get to 81.25 million in 2025. The urban population is anticipated to ascend from 60% in 1995 to over 80% in 2025. Curriculum has been made for improved leakage control in networks of domestic water. They have been also incorporated for wastewater treatment and use again for industrial and irrigation use. Water management-related regulations and laws have been designed, counting those to decrease water demands and losses. Uncontrolled leakages add considerably to shallow water-table formation and contagion of shallow and deep aquifers. The extreme pumping from local aquifers to suit the growing urban water demand consequences in substantial turn down in water levels. This is worsening in groundwater quality. At adequately hefty pumping rates the demand is tried to be fulfilled, leads to stream flow depletion. With a constant increase in urban demand for water and sanitation, confront to suit these demands are rising. To construction more, costly desalination plants would be difficult. The dispute can be resolve with the preliminary part of new and modern legislation and institutional actions. This can also be done by taking on advanced techniques in water-demand reduction, wastewater reuse enhancement and reduction of water production, treatment and distribution costs. Ground Water Pumping through Water privatization Water privatization was taken on in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher’s government. It privatized ten formerly public regional water and sewerage companies in Wales and England in the course of disinvestment. in chorus the economic regulatory agency OFWAT was shaped. The Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) was positioned in 1990 to check water safety and quality. Water privatization since then is a controversial issue in England and Wales. A study by the Public Services International Research Unit (which is affiliated with trade unions), that opposes privatization in 2001 declared that tariff amplified by 46% in actual terms in the first nine years and investments were reduced Operating profits have doubled (i.e. 142%) in eight years and public health was endangered by cut-offs for non-payment. Privatization helped sign off the industry’s £4.95 billion debt. Privatization columnist disputed in 1997 that infrastructure-mainly sewers-were not adequate. Also, OFWAT was blamed of not evaluating company performance with targets. The critics said that OFWAT has chosen profit over providing a assured level of services. Conversely, a World Bank article disagree that the reforms six years after and before privatization investments were $17b and £9.3bn respectively which has surely risen after privatization brought about conformity with rigorous drinking water standards Also headed to a higher quality of river water. There are also 16 mostly smaller water only companies in England and Wales that have been privately owned since the 19th century. In Scotland and Northern Ireland water and sewerage services have remained in public ownership Desalination To turn seawater into drinking water , the first large-scale desalination plant for domestic and industry use in the UK opened on Wednesday 2 June 2010. Facts and Figures The desalination plants’ capacities vary from 1000 to 789 864 m3/day. In 1990 and 1997, the world desalinated water production was about 33% for the total domestic and 38% for industrial requirement. By 2025, desalination production is predictable to be around 54% of the total domestic and industrial claim. The RO plants need mechanical energy formed by pumps those work on electricity. About 3.5-9 kWh is necessary to manufacture 1 m3 of desalinated seawater. The energy requirement depends on the salinity level of the water input. Also depends on efficiency of pump and the process design. A single-stage plant of high efficiency level, needs around 4 kWh/m3 and 0.5-2.5 kWh/m3 to produce 1 m3 of reasonable quality water from seawater and salty groundwater. The use of a low-pressure membrane reduces the energy consumption by 25-40%, especially when using low-salinity water. DAMS Dams are made to contain water, stop flooding and produce hydroelectric power. Dams make available a water supply for irrigation, domestic needs and industrial application. Lakes and reservoirs are made since 19thcentury in UK. The most significant resource for building a dam is funding. In the UK, the figure of huge dams grew speedily during the 19th century from around 10 to 175. By 1950, the rate of growth nearly doubled. After 1950, edifice positioned itself at a rate of 5.4 dams per year. the UK today has a sum of 486 dams. In Europe, the totality of dams is rising slowly. The basic reason being that appropriate sites are becoming less and environmental concerns become growing. Large dams The six biggest reservoirs are positioned in the Volga river system in Russia. The two largest are Kuybyshevskoye (6450 km2) and Rybinskoye (4450 km). Spain (approx. 1200), Turkey (approx. 610), Norway (approx. 364) and the UK (approx. 570) have largest number of reservoirs. Environmental Issues a number of environmental issues are raised by Reservoir construction in both building and completion stages. On closing the dam, the water level in the reservoir rises, resulting in key changes in the area inundated with the water. Like loss of farmland, flooded settlements and the groundwater table raised. Once the reservoirs are made, two kinds of environmental problems take place: Make the reservoir inappropriate for its purpose. Algae and toxic substances in them make drinking water inappropriate. Evoke ecological weakening of the river system, particularly downstream of these reservoirs. Big dams break off the natural permanence of a river. Reservoirs change the hydrological cycle, thus raising many other ecological consequences like leaving fewer spawning sites for migratory fish. Additionally, reservoirs grasp suspended matter mostly sand flowing into them. This decreases the suspended matter weight to reach downstream and in the end to the sea. Lack of sand at the sea pilots coastal erosion. Conclusion Building dams is very costly and also gives rise to a number of environmental issues as discussed above. Ground water pumping and water privatizing also has risen many questions pertaining to water level and environment concerns vis-à-vis profit making. The best option which should be taken ahead by government is water Desalination. Though the one time investments are high but the problem of water allocation can be limited with its supplies. Provisions to produce biofuels for the Thames desalination plant have been done, still till they are place energy consumption will remain an issue. Recommendation All the above discussions focus on fulfilling the demand by one method or the other. Still other way is to bring down the domestic and industrial demand. Legislation ought do more work to discontinue leaking pipes and decrease the average water use of customers by fixing more water meters and better promotions activities. Techniques For Providing Water To Arid Regions An Environmental Sciences Essay
PARTS separately. Do not compare or link part 1 with part 2. PART 1 Dental care is one of the things that many disadvantaged families are not able to afford or make a priority. There are different kinds of programs available for this families and free services offered through the school district funded by the government. States insurance also provides free or low-cost dental care for individuals under 21 years of age however, they must meet the poverty requirements. Children from low-income families who are in fair or poor health have been shown to have more unmet dental needs than children in excellent or very good health, and children from families facing difficulties such as poor parental health and economic hardship have been shown to have more unmet dental needs. (Kenny, McfeetersPARTS separately. Do not compare or link part 1 with part 2

The Process of Information System in Amazon Expository Essay

Table of Contents Introduction Background Information Business Process Improving Business Processes at Amazon.Com Conclusion Works Cited Introduction An information system refers to a combined assemblage of parts for acquiring, storing and processing information for use by various stakeholders in a particular setting. Organizations depend on information systems to undertake daily activities interact with clients, suppliers, and achieve a competitive edge in their particular industry. For instance, organizations use their websites to inform potential and actual clients about goods and services offered by the company. They also use information systems to carry out accounting processes and compensations among other things. State corporations and ministries have adopted information systems to disseminate necessary information to citizens. Most companies sell their goods through information systems. Such goods include books, softwares, and electronic goods among others. This essay seeks to explore the use of information systems at Amazon.com Background Information Amazon.com, Inc. came into being on 28 May 1996. The company serves customers through its retail websites with a deep concentration on fair prices and convenience. The company grants programs to traders to sell their goods on its websites and programs that facilitate authors, music artists, and software developers to design and sell their products. The company has two units: North America and the International units. The company comes up with websites through which millions of products reach the intended clients. Amazon.com offers Kindle devices through which writers publish their contents and attends to developers and all types of businesses through Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon Web Services affords entry to technology programs that works with every kind of enterprise. Amazon.com offers lowest possible prices to its customers through daily product pricing and freight bids through their premium membership program, Amazon Prime. It accomplishes low price bids through improvement of its operating efficiencies. The company has put in place user-friendly programs, which enhance quick and reliable services and prompt attendance to customers’ needs. The programs offered by Amazon.com enable traders sell their goods and services through its websites accessible through cellular phones and computers as well. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More North America unit consists of proceeds gained from retail selling of customer goods and services as well as membership subscriptions through websites localized in North America. The unit gains from sales realized from exports from www.amazon.com and www.amazon.ca. International unit comprises of proceeds from selling retail client goods and membership fees through the company’s international websites plus sales realized from export sales to customers in the United States of America and Canada. Business Process Business process refers to activities aimed at realizing business goals. These activities fall into three distinct groups including decision-making, operations and competitive strategies. The most basic type of function is operations support, At Amazon.com, information systems enhance business processes relating to operations through recording and preserving inventory information, information on continuing jobs, information relating to hardware repair and service, supply chain information, and other operations information. Information systems process information into production timetables, production controllers, and systems for monitoring production. In addition, information systems gather information on human resources, compensation packages, work histories and other people-related information. Information systems convert such information into expenses information per employee and output per employee. Information systems gather information on market, clients and their profiles, relationship with the company histories as well as information related to advertising. From this data, information systems process it to such items as elasticity reports, marketing schedules and sales activity information. Information systems facilitate decision-making by management. They allow management to manipulate data and compare best scenario possible for implementation. We will write a custom Essay on The Process of Information System in Amazon specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Information systems used for decision-making range from spreadsheets to sensitivity analysis tools like Monte Carlo analysis, logit analysis, multi dimensional scaling among others. The management uses such tools to make decisions touching on new products, risk and sensitivity of the market. Lastly, information systems offer strategic support function to increase their competitive advantage through a three- tier analysis. The first level relates to piloting programs set by the company to test their viability. The second level involves adopting one or two functions of the information systems while the third level involves building up a distinct competitive advantage. Figure 1: Information systems at Amazon.com . Improving Business Processes at Amazon.Com Amazon.com should avoid cluttering of pages especially the product page. Too much cluttering distracts potential customer from the product displayed because of various advertisements on a single product page. Amazon.com’s homepage lacks contact information and forces a customer to search for such information. The company should improve its homepage to include essential information relating to the company including contacts, profile and background information. In addition, the company should come up with alerts to inform customers when new products come up. Conclusion Amazon.com is doing some great work but there is room for more improvements to gain more customers and increase profitability. Information systems are dynamic and as such, Amazon.com must keep on upgrading them. Works Cited Econsultancy. ‘Ten things Amazon can do better online’. 2013. Web. Fact-index.com. ‘Management Information Systems‘. 2013. Web. Not sure if you can write a paper on The Process of Information System in Amazon by yourself? We can help you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Make Assignment. ‘Amazon.com Operational Strategy‘. 2013. Web. Reuters. ‘Amazon.com Inc (AMZN.O)‘. 2013. Web. Zwass, Vladimir. ‘Information systems‘. 2013. Web.

Managing and Leading Project Teams Expository Essay

essay help online Dictionary.com defines trust as “reliance on the integrity, strength, ability, surety, etc., of a person or thing” or “confident expectation of something”. Thompson (2004) explains that trusting a person means that he or she will respect all commitments even though he or she is aware that no one is going to monitor or observe their behavior. By maintaining integrity, a person can ensure that he or she will be able to win the trust of others. Karlsen et al (2008) explain that trust amongst team members makes them more cooperative. Also, trust encourages team members to share relevant information when required and allows them to be influenced by decisions and actions of others. Trust cannot be developed within a day and usually it will take some time to develop. The reasons for not trusting could be various ranging from past bad experience, cultural differences, prejudice, office politics, and many other factors that influence the judgment. This means that the project team put together may not trust each other well enough and it is the duty of the project manager to build and sustain trust amongst team members to ensure that the project runs smoothly and ends up successfully. Trust is essential not only amongst internal project team members but also external people that include the management, clients, vendors, etc. If the management and the client don’t trust that the project manager can handle the project well, then there are bound to be issues on the project. Hence, the project manager needs to build and sustain trust with the management, clients and all other stakeholders involved in the project. One of the keys to building trust is open communication. This means project objectives need to be discussed openly and clearly. Also, any bad news needs to be communicated clearly. So if the project is behind schedule, all stakeholders need to know about it. If more resources are required, the stakeholders need to be made aware of that. If there is little or no participation by stakeholders, then the project sponsor needs to be communicated. Clear and open communication keeping all stakeholders informed and involved appropriately helps people understand that bad news are not being hidden from them and that they can expect honest reports from the project manager. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Another important aspect to build trust is to define clear roles and responsibilities of all team members and communicate it to all stakeholders. This ensures that everyone knows what their activities and tasks would be and what their boundaries are. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities also mean that there will be less conflict amongst team members and that there will be no territorial bickering. A project manager can also help build trust by encouraging fun and laughter in the team. If done appropriately and especially when under pressure, it would help bring the team together and build trust. While it takes a long time to build trust, it can take hardly a second to break it. Therefore, it is essential that effort is put in by all concerned to sustain that trust. This means ensuring that confidential information is not disclosed even accidentally. All team members are involved in communications related to the project rather than informing just one or two people. Micromanaging people should be avoided and each team member should be given liberty to complete his tasks within his boundaries. This would help sustain trust over a longer period of time. (Larson et al, 2006) Reference List Karlsen, J. T., Græe, K.

Primary Source Analysis – Government Rationing Propaganda (short film)

Primary Source Analysis – Government Rationing Propaganda (short film).

Watch the short film Prices Unlimited. This propaganda film was made at the request of the U.S. government to encourage citizens to comply with rationing rules and regulations. It is a primary source that can tell us a lot about rationing during WWII, including different opinions about it, what life was like under rationing, ways people tried to cheat the system, etc.Prices Unlimited https://youtu.be/PsH4Al6829UYou must answer the following three questions:
What was the overall message(s) of this film?
Who was the film’s intended target audience(s)?
What strategies did the film use to get its message(s) across to the audience?
You must take your answers from the film. A good way to accomplish this is to explain what specifically you saw in the film that led you to your answer. For example: “When the two women were in the butcher shop, they didn’t try to buy any cheese, therefore the message of the film was that American’s shouldn’t buy cheese during the war.” (That’s a totally made-up answer, by the way – don’t use it for your Analysis!)The goal is to answer the three questions as clearly and logically as possible, clearly taking your information from Prices Unlimited.There is no minimum or maximum word count, and there are no instructions for formatting. Feel free to answer with a narrative or list, whichever you prefer.I have attached a sample of a primary source (pdf) with its analysis (word) for you to get an idea of how it looks like.Please let me know if you have any questions.
Primary Source Analysis – Government Rationing Propaganda (short film)

California Medicaid Cuts Essay

The proposed California medical cuts are initiatives, which the federal government has initiation to minimize the cost of treatment to the people whose income level is relatively low. This plan targets the low income group who depends on agriculture as the source of livelihood, thus might not be able to meet the high cost of hospitalization. Reports have acknowledged that Healthcare costs have drastically increased and low economic growth has thrown many residents in the area, a situation that necessitates government involvement in the matter. Although the proposed medical cuts have significant affects on the privately owned community hospitals in the state, the facility owners need no panic because the anticipated legislations would not affect their operations completely. For example, there are some proposed cuts that are likely to be most relevant for the operation of the hospital. Therefore, the hospital owners need to focus on the reductions that will help them achieve remarkable level of development and economic sustainability. The proposed California medical cuts will reduce the overall state’s expenditure and probably ease the level of taxation of the people. In return, the low income earners might have some money to seek medication at the community facility. The healthcare medical cuts would also result to substantial reduction of Medicacid program that the state government rolls to help the low income earners meet the cost of treatment.1 The reduction in the amount of money spent on the scheme means that there are people who might not get the security of the Medicacid program and would use their own money to finance their medical cost. In this regard, the community health facilities would remain relevant to the people and will continue to offer treatment to the local patients from the low income category. In helping the low income earners cope with the rising cost of employments, their involvement into the medical scheme would make sure that they obtain this essential service. On the other hand, the increased number of people losing their employment due to job cut that result from economic down turn indicates that the Medicacid program will experience increased enrolment beyond its capacity.2 Since the government might not fund the increasing medical cost of the rising low income earners, it will reduce its contribution to the program. This will for a number of local people with low income to use their limited financial capability to seek medical attention from the community facilities. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More The other proposed healthcare medical cut that the government intends to implement that would be relevant to the operation of the hospital is reducing the provider’s payments. This is significant because the amount of money that the medical facility owner will spend could reduce. As a result, he or she would spend more money on developing the facility and be able to provide best treatment to the patients. Third, the proposed healthcare medical cut that the government intends to implement that would be relevant to the operation of the hospital is promoting the program integrity.3 Here, the government intends to put efforts to improve the honesty with which the treatment services are provided to the people. Therefore, the patients who visit such facilities would get the best medical attention, thus will not shun the facilities. Therefore, most of the proposed healthcare medical cuts would be relevant to the operation of the hospital and the owners should mainly focus on quality. Bibliography Kaiser, Henry. California Medicaid Cuts Spark Anger; N.Y. Medicaid Fraud Detection. 2012. New York, NY: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Lambert, Lisa. Fewer Jobs Means more Spending on U.S. Medicacid. (2012). New York, NY: Thomson Reuters. Vibeck, Elise. “Report: Medicacid Costs Squeezing State Budget.” (2012). The Hill’s Healthwatch Report, pp. 1-2. Footnotes 1 Henry Kaiser. California Medicaid Cuts Spark Anger; N.Y. Medicaid Fraud Detection (2012) New York, NY: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 1. We will write a custom Essay on California Medicaid Cuts specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2 Lisa Lambert. Fewer Jobs Means more Spending on U.S. Medicacid (2012) New York, NY: Thomson Reuters 1. 3 Elise Vibeck. “Report: Medicacid Costs Squeezing State Budget” 2012 The Hill’s Healthwatch Report 1.