Take a position on Daisy’s character, without using “I.” Is she a vulgarian who corrupts high standards of culture Essay

REFLECTION PAPER Essay

REFLECTION PAPER Essay. Paper Details:Counseling Video Session I Assignment 1 Guidelines COUNSELING PLATFORM PAPER GUIDELINES The purpose of this assignment is so that you self-examine your initial beliefs of your role as a counselor and start to understand how your values may impact the counselor experience. You will be asked to write a 2-3 page reflection paper (this is about you, so it is ok to write in first person) that summarizes and defines your role as a counselor as you currently see it. Your task is to self-evaluate your present thoughts, ideas, values, biases, guiding principles, counseling style, and/or understanding of the counseling relationship. APA formatting is required. The format of the paper should be as follows: A. Introduction. Why is understanding one’s platform important B. Discuss your philosophy of the counseling relationship C. How did the above (A and B) influence your counseling session. COUNSELING SESSION GUIDELINES Students are assigned to a person in the class to complete their counseling session. The counseling session must be 20 minutes and demonstrates the elements of the listening cycle as discussed by Young (2014). You are to attend to your personal awareness, the client’s reactions, microskills, theory, and cultural considerations, which will show your intentionality in the session. In addition, you will address how the theory you most identify with and how it was applied to you personally and in the session. Your reflection will address challenges faced and how you will address them in the future. Reflect on how your thoughts, ideas, values, biases, guiding principles, counseling style, and/or understanding of the counseling relationship have changed from the beginning of the semester (refer to your original counseling platform paper) In addition to the listening cycle, the counselor must illustrate skills 1-5 from the counseling skills assessment and (chapter 1-3) in the Young textbook and utilized their identified theory of choice. I HAVE ATTACHED MY COUNSELING VIDEO THAT IS NEEDED. I FOR SOME REASON MY FACE DOES NOT SHOW IN THE VIDEO ONLY MY CLIENT. THE ONE YOU SEE IN THE VIDEO IS THE CLIENT YOU MUST DO REFLECTION PAGE ABOUT ME THE COUNSELOR AND FOLLOW ABOVE DIRECTIONS I HAVE ATTACHED VIDEO AND CHAPTER READINGS. I WILL EMAIL THE VIDEO IT DOES NOT ALLOW ME TO UPLOAD. https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=!AKRfxHxaMHRdycMREFLECTION PAPER Essay

Central Georgia Technical College Organizational Culture and Structure Essay

online homework help Central Georgia Technical College Organizational Culture and Structure Essay.

Purpose In this project, you will view a video and discuss the organizational culture and organizational structure of the assigned organization. Outcome Met by Completing This Assignmentorganize human, physical, and financial resources for the effective and efficient attainment of organizational goalsHow to Set Up the PaperCreate a Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) document that is double-spaced using 12-point font. The final product will be 4-5 pages in length, excluding the title page and reference page. Write clearly and concisely. Provide a title page with a title, your name, course and section number and the instructor’s name.Instructions: You have been hired as an associate for a software company, Dysfunctional Software. Dysfunctional Software offers support solutions to a wide-range of software issues and business needs. Dysfunctional’s client list exceeds 500 businesses in the United States. The company has recently started to experience significant and rapid growth. As a result of the recent growth, Dysfunctional Software will need to hire many new associate positions. Your manager, Harry Harried, has asked you to help create a recruiting video for Dysfunctional Software that will entice potential new employees to work there. He wants to portray Dysfunctional as a company that has a deep commitment to its employees, a positive corporate culture, employees who embrace the company’s core values and enjoy coming to work. As background for the task of developing the video, Mr. Harried provides you with a recruiting video for Zendesk. Mr. Harried believes that Zendesk is an exceptional company in terms of its of approach to employees, its hiring practices, its organizational culture and its organizational structure. You are requested to view the video on Zendesk: https://youtu.be/l0uaSU6IVN4 (You may need to right click on the link and open in a new window.) You are also required by Mr. Harried to read the material that he has assigned for you to read (i.e., that is your course material for this project). After you view the video read the assigned project material, you are to write a report to Mr. Harried that covers the information requested below. For the report you are use only the Zendesk video and course materials. If additional sources are used, the information ascertained from them will not be included in the grading. Use the following headings and instructions to complete the project:IntroductionWrite an Introduction paragraph. The Introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of the paper and will be used to describe to the reader the intent of the paper explaining the main points covered in the paper. This intent should be understood prior to reading the remainder of the paper so the reader knows exactly what is being covered in the paper. The introduction is often written after the paper is completed.Organizational Culture Discuss the seven dimensions of organizational culture.Describe Zendesk’s organizational culture by presenting examples for each of the seven dimensions of couture. Your description of Zendesk’s organization culture is accomplished by extracting facts from the video and matching those facts with the appropriate dimension descriptor. You must provide support, justification, and where appropriate, in-text citation, for the video facts matched with the dimension descriptors. Competitive Advantage Discuss how Zendesk uses its corporate culture to create a competitive advantage. Make sure to provide examples supported by your analysis, as drawn from the video information and the course materials. Organizational Structure Identify and discuss Zendesk’s organizational structure, as depicted in the video. Based on your examples ascertained from the video, use the course material to elaborate on your examples to fully explain the various types and aspects of organizational structure that you have selected from the video to analyze. ConclusionCreate a concluding paragraph. The conclusion paragraph highlights the major findings covered in the paper. References Review the Paper Read the paper to ensure all required elements are present.The following are specific requirements that you will follow. Use the checklist to mark off that you have followed each specific requirement. ChecklistSpecific Project RequirementsProofread your paper. Ensure your topic heading match those above. Read and use the grading rubric while completing the report to ensure all requirements are met that will lead to the highest possible grade. Third person writing is required. Third person means that there are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first person writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second person writing). If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this link: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-second-and-third-person. Contractions are not used in business writing, so do not use them. Paraphrase and do not use direct quotations. Paraphrase means you do not use more than four consecutive words from a source document. Removing quotation marks and citing is inappropriate. Instead put a passage from a source document into your own words and attribute the passage to the source document. There should be no passages with quotation marks. Using more than four consecutive words from a source document would require direct quotation marks. Changing words from a passage does not exclude the passage from having quotation marks. You are expected to use the provided weekly course materials to develop the analysis and support the reasoning. There should be a robust use of the course material. Material used from a source document must be cited and referenced. A reference within a reference list cannot exist without an associated in-text citation and vice versa. Changing words from a passage does not exclude the passage from having quotation marks. Use in-text citations and provide a reference list that contains the reference associated with each in-text citation.You may not use books in completing this problem set unless part of the course material. Also, do not use a dictionary, Wikipedia or Investopedia or similar sources.Provide the page or paragraph number in every in-text citation presented. Since the eBook does not have page numbers, include the chapter title and topic heading. If using a video, provide the minutes and second of the cited material.Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered the student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered the student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. Where Turnitin is available students are encouraged to modify their paper where warranted to bring the paper into compliance with proper citation requirements.)apa citation
Central Georgia Technical College Organizational Culture and Structure Essay

Chemical Hazard of Plastic Industry Report

Chemical Hazard of Plastic Industry Report. Background Plastics form perhaps one of the distinguished engineering materials of today. A plastic is “a material that contains an essential ingredient of an organic substance of large molecular weight…it is a solid in its finished state and at some stage in its manufacture” (Eckardt, 1976, p.103). Plastics appear in two categories: thermosetting or thermoplastics. Over the last five decades, the production of plastics has immensely increased with Germany, the United States and Japan accounting for about 60% of the total monomers and polymers production all over the world (ZittlingChemical Hazard of Plastic Industry Report

Biopsychosocial Versus Biomedical Model In Clinical Practice

Pain can be defined as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ and is considered chronic when it ‘persists beyond the normal time of healing’ (Merskey and Bogduk, 1995). A recent survey studying 4,839 people found 20% suffered from chronic pain with many reporting a reduction in quality of life (Breivik et al, 2006). Treatment of chronic pain is evolving. In the last three decades there have been many critics of western biomedicine’s poor integration of social and psychological factors in the assessment/treatment of pain. Such critiques commonly reject the Cartesian mind-body dualism model of pain (which is popularly traced to Descartes) where the body is seen as separate from the mind. The Cartesian model is an early biomedical model which relates the intensity of pain to the severity of injury. In contrast, the biopsychosocial model, first proposed by Engel in 1977, views illness as a ‘dynamic and reciprocal interaction between biologic, psychological and sociocultural variables that shape the person’s responses to pain’ (Turk and Flor, 1999). A current example of a biopsychosocial model is the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning model which shifts focus from cause of illness to the impact it has on the individual. Similarly, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy defines physiotherapy as ‘a physical approach to promote, maintain and restore physical, psychological and social well-being’. It is vital for student physiotherapists to understand what the biopsychosocial model of pain has to offer physiotherapy practice as they will be fundamental in facilitating future change within the physiotherapy field. The biopsychosocial model, what it has to offer and the implications of putting it into practice will now be explored in turn. Biopsychosocial versus the biomedical model in clinical practice The biomedical model embraces reductionism and assumes disease is caused by any deviation from the norm of measurable biological/somatic variables and believes the only effective treatment for pain is via medical approaches. It is relevant for many disease-based illnesses and is supported by a wealth of biological findings. The model is effective in acute illnesses that have predictable outcomes (e.g. treatment for bacterial infections using antibiotics) and is therefore suitable to healthcare practitioners (HCP’s) who have to focus on one part of an individual’s health. However, despite success in the treatment of many disease processes, some difficult and important medical problems have proven resistant to the biomedical model. For example, the biomedical model does not explain why pain can continue when tissue damage is no longer present (chronic pain) or clinical phenomena such as phantom pain. It leaves no room within its framework for the social, psychological, and behavioural dimensions of illness (Engel, 1977).It was for reasons such as these that Engel felt it necessary to widen the approach to disease to include the psychosocial without sacrificing the huge advantages of the biomedical approach. Engel argued that the biopsychosocial model can be used to obtain a better understanding of the disease process. The biomedical model looks at the underlying pathophysiology in isolation and often cannot explain why prescribed treatments fail, e.g. treatment for chronic low back pain (LBP). The biopsychosocial model however extends beyond medical-care and looks at the patient’s unique biologic, psychological, social, co-morbidities, illness beliefs, coping strategies, fear, depression, employment, and financial concerns and may give further insight into what has hindered recovery and sustained patient-hood. Waddell (2006) even concludes that ‘spinal pain/disability can only be understood and managed according to a biopsychosocial model’. The biopsychosocial model gives the clinician biologic and psychosocial factors with which to explain why people persist with pain and therefore a set of alternative tools to treat patients. Additionally, the biopsychosocial model understands that pain can be a dynamic entity that changes over time and is affected by a person’s internal and external environment. For example, a physical injury may cause pain initially, over time this is exacerbated by fear-avoidance (a psychological variable) and work-related stress (social variable) leading to physical deconditioning, creating a self-perpetuating cycle (e.g. Al-Obaidi et al.,2000, Goubert et al.,2005). The cause and effect are difficult to disentangle and suggests successful treatment would require a holistic approach. The biopsychosocial model uses a holistic approach as it aims to treat both the patient and the disease. For example, using the biomedical model(which focuses solely on the disease/impairment) treatment for a sprained ankle is independent of the patient; treatment includes rest, compression, and elevation. Using the biopsychosocial model, treatment would be based on the individual. For example, if the patient was a busy mother, treatment would be adjusted accordingly by understanding that rest may not be achievable for this individual due to social factors. There is however those that believe the biopsychosocial model is flawed and their views must be considered when assessing what contribution the biopsychosocial model makes to physiotherapy practice. Critics argue that the biopsychosocial model has weaknesses, for example, over reliance on subjective outcome measures (Weiner, 2008). Subjective outcome measures such as the SF-36, Pain Disability Questionnaire and VAS have gained “validity” and widespread use. Some argue there is little regard for the traditional biomedical objective outcome measures that assess pathoanatomic/pathophysiologic outcomes(Weiner, 2008). However, many outcomes in chronic pain, such as stress and pain itself are subjective and cannot be measured objectively. Furthermore, using objective outcome measures does not guarantee validity, for example, some rely on sophisticated performance-based equipment which requires the subject to perform at a maximal level for optimal validity. Functional performance will be influenced by motivation, fear, understanding of instructions and physical ability (Gatchel and Turk, 2008) therefore the measure will still have some degree of subjectivity. Critics also argue the biopsychosocial approach has led to a loss of attention to pathophysiology or under diagnosis of, for example, musculoskeletal disorders in chronic LBP (Weiner, 2008) and allows medically unexplained pain to be shifted too readily to the domain of psychiatry (Duncan, 2000). Those in favour of the biopsychosocial model argue that the biomedical model is incomplete, rather than incorrect (Gatchel and Turk, 2008). Reviews of the literature do however generally support the effectiveness of a biopsychosocial approach (Ostelo et al.,2005,George,2008, Scascighini et al.,2008) and frequently find multi-disciplinary, multi-modal treatments give good outcomes in the treatment of chronic pain. Others argue that multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation requires substantial staff and financial resources. Similarly Karjalainen(2003) found there was not enough good evidence to support multidisciplinary rehabilitation in adults with neck/shoulder pain. However this study was a methodologically low quality randomised controlled trial(RCT) which failed to randomize patients, use a power calculation or intention-to-treat analysis. In contrast, high quality studies (Mosely et al.,2002,Smeets, 2006) looked at biopsychosocial approaches to individual physiotherapy care (which requires less financial resources) and provided strong evidence of their effectiveness. They had a population match to the target population (primary care) and were sufficiently well described to be applied by a sole physiotherapy practitioner. It is interesting to note that such studies are in the form of biomedically orientated RCT’s whereas it is qualitative research that is concerned with exploring people’s perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and experiences. However, evidence suggests that the transition from the biomedical to the biopsychosocial model is incomplete (Bishop et al.,2008) and that its incorporation into medical practice is taking longer to transpire than predicted (Alonso, 2003). Furthermore, Cote(2009) questioned the tenability of the biomedical model but found it is still frequently used by physiotherapists. Biopsychosocial model and the physiotherapist Integration of emerging evidence from the pain sciences (advocating biopsychosocial approaches) into the clinical reasoning process is an example of movement within the physiotherapy profession towards a more evidence based approach to clinical practice. It would therefore be expected that physiotherapists would have adjusted their practice accordingly; however evidence suggests HCP’s are continuing to treat chronic pain via biomedical approaches (Bishop and Foster, 2005,Cote, 2009) and failing to use collaborative goal-setting and patient-centred care (Edwards et al, 2004). Practical application of the biopsychosocial model to physiotherapy has been challenging in that it forces clinicians to expand the scope of factors assessed as part of comprehensive patient management. Many physiotherapists do not feel confident or competent enough to address psychological factors as they are perceived as being more difficult to treat (Daykin and Richardson, 2004, Cote,2009). The question of whether or not physiotherapists are within the limits of professional practice to treat psychological factors should also be considered at this point. Previously, physiotherapist training was based on the biomedical model and failed to teach skills necessary for psychosocial assessment. As a consequence, physiotherapists currently working in clinical practice are not satisfied with the education they have received (Parsons et al.2007). This is supported by Moseley (2003) who found physiotherapists to have poor knowledge of the neurophysiology of pain. Consequentially, physiotherapist attitudes and beliefs about chronic pain have been shown to affect the advice/treatment they provide to patients (Daykin and Richardson, 2004, Bishop,2007). Daykin and Richardson (2004) found physiotherapists who felt ill-equipped addressing psychosocial aspects had a tendency to attribute patient pain to structural causes and this was reflected in the treatment they provided. Whilst the physiotherapists believed in a mutually collaborative model, they were more comfortable using the therapist centred biomedical model. Similarly, Linton (2002) found that one-third of physiotherapists studied believed a reduction in pain is a prerequisite for return-to-work, two-thirds would advise patients to avoid painful movements, and 25% believed sick-leave is a good treatment for LBP, all of which are contradictory to current guidelines and reflective of biomedically orientated treatment. Furthermore, such advice and treatment could actually exacerbate chronicity in the presence of psychosocial factors (Pincus et al.,2002). The study concludes that some practitioners hold beliefs reflecting fear-avoidance and these beliefs influence treatment. These studies provide valuable insight into the difficulties of implementing research findings into practice. It is however vital practicing physiotherapists are capable of ongoing self-audit in order to develop their professional skills and follow the advances of the medical profession and health sciences. This lack of formal teaching and the influence of experienced physiotherapists (accustomed to biomedical methods) on newly qualified physiotherapists may help explain why the biopsychosocial model is taking longer to transpire than predicted (Casserley-Feeney et al.,2008). However, with increased emphasis on biopsychosocial approaches in undergraduate syllabuses it is likely to become ingrained into clinical practice. It is however not only the attitudes and beliefs of the physiotherapist that must be challenged, indeed the attitudes and beliefs of the patient are crucial in ensuring the efficacy of biopsychosocial approach. Biopsychosocial model and the patient The biomedical model considers the patient to be a passive recipient of treatment and a victim of circumstance with no accountability for their disease. It takes responsibility for illness away from the patient which may cause a threat to patient autonomy. The biomedical approach is clinician orientated and requires the patient to submit to the clinical “expert” who dominates the relationship. Additionally, the use of the term “patient” reinforces the biomedical model and encourages passivity of the patient. Some physiotherapists may wish to preserve this inequality to maintain control of rehabilitation/treatment. In contrast the biopsychosocial model aims to encourage patients to contribute to their treatment (e.g. through shared decision-making) and empower them in self-managing their pain (Edwards et al.,2004). However, if patients believe their pain is solely physiological they are less likely to accept self-management(Underwood,2006) or biopsychosocial approaches (Stone, 2002). It is therefore vital to establish patient pain beliefs in order to provide an effective intervention. Urquhart et al. (2008) supports the need to alter maladaptive beliefs/behaviours. The study suggests negative beliefs (e.g.fear-avoidance)are predictive of chronic, disabling pain and that changing these beliefs is more important than biomedical factors in pain intervention success, supporting the need for a biopsychosocial model. Cognitive-behavioural approaches aim to alter such beliefs/behaviours through methods such as graded exposure. Reviews of the literature (e.g Turk, 2008, Lunde etal.,2009)commonly find CBT to be an effective treatment for chronic pain, although they highlight methodological weaknesses, in particular that many trials are statistically underpowered. The efficacy of these interventions provides further support to the theory that pain is not a purely physical experience. Conclusion Just as the biomedical model allowed significant medical advances, the biopsychosocial model has offered physiotherapy a wider spectrum of tools to help treat chronic pain patients. Transition from the biomedical model to the biopsychosocial model is by no means complete. Many physiotherapists still use predominantly manual techniques despite the presence of psychosocial factors which helps reinforce the biomedical view of pain still held by many patients. The challenge is therefore changing beliefs of both HCP’s and patients. Increased patient education and therapist support is needed to facilitate the recommended changes into practice, as evidence based approaches to healthcare demands physiotherapists utilize practices that are clearly shown to be effective.