SCU Assessment of Methodological Quality Characteristics of Participants Dissertation

Enlightenment And Romanticism Marriage Of Heaven And Hell Philosophy Essay

Enlightenment, European intellectual movement of the 17th-18th century in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and man were blended into a worldview that inspired revolutionary developments in art . Central to Enlightenment thought were the use and celebration of reason. For Enlightenment thinkers, received authority, whether in science or religion, was to be subject to the investigation of unfettered minds. The search for a rational religion led to Deism; the more radical products of the application of reason to religion were skepticism, atheism, and materialism. The Enlightenment produced modern secularized theories of psychology , Romanticism was reaction against the Enlightenment, it emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect Romanticism , dangerous, as you will see as we do the Gothic, emotions were seen to be destructive and dangerous to society especially in women. Goethe a German poetry of the Enlightenment, although many of his writings have seemed quite Romantic, once said that ‘everything thing that I call good I call the Classical and everything nasty and vile I call the Romantic.. Lets discuss it through line of plate . P3 L8 :physical energy as contrasting the still contemplation of reason,and emotional energy like love and hate. P3 L11-12 :religion demonized opposites and claimed that only one must be right. Therefore religion created good and evil. This could be another irony but it was also a serious concern to the Romantics and again you can see him mixing things up saying that Good and Evil are joined, now like heaven and hell. P3 L12-13:good is the passive that obeys Reason’ this could be a referral to the Philosopher Kant or his mentality. Blake is showing here what Good and Evil have been considered to be. Good is meant to be like Reason, still and passive, Christianity has often been criticized as a religion which has been passive and actively seeking anything, this can be seen in the seclusion that monks lead. A good Christian is often or was then seen as quiet and obedient to the will of God. Evil, Blake is claiming, was the label given to ‘the active springing from Energy’. P3 L14: Here Blake is using the Enlightenment labels or historical labels of ‘Good is Heaven. Evil is Hell.’ This is Blake being ironic again as you will see he is saying that this isn’t necessarily so. P4 7-8: Blake condemns the idea that God will torment man for ‘Eternity’ for being simply human: for having emotions and desires. P4 10-12: Here he is saying the Body are Soul are one, and joined, the body is the part of the soul which is discerned by the senses The Soul and body need each other for the full human experience. P4 13-15: Emotion and energy is the only way to live or appreciate life and this important substance for life from the Body. Reason does have its part though, for uncheck emotions and desires are dangerous, and so Reason ‘is the bound or outward circumference of Energy’. This basically means that it is the fence to keep Energy running havoc and being destructive, it is not however the prison warden. Energy is now free range. P4 L14: Energy is Eternal Delight. It is a delight to have emotions, desires, energy in general it is what makes being alive worth while. Even if we feel hate there is some joy in that. The fact that we can feel it. There is a Latin motto or dictum which sounds rather fancy to sound off if one can remember it and it is particularly important here to what Blake is saying. ‘DiversitasDelectat’ which means variety is the spice of life. P5-6 L4-5: Once reason has placed its tyrant’s grip over desire, desire starves and becomes weaker and weaker till it is only a shadow of itself and almost crippled. To Blake and the Romantics this would be classed as a tragedy although formerly such action may have been seen as a victory over evil. P5-6 L15-17: The interpretation of the Devil here is open it could mean the Romantics, Milton or Job’s Satan, I believe Blake was more inclined at this point to mean the Milton Devil. What the Devil stands for here is Energy , Reason being only strong enough to restrain weak desires but it also means that Reason cause a split and division causing the two great opposing forces Good and Evil. Again Blake is poking fun at Enlightened thought declaring it created an evil, the division that on one side demeans the human soul and on the other it raises it to something divine. P5-6 L18-20: Reason is a perfectly acceptable thing to have but with out Desire one does not know how to use it. . P5-6 L20-22: Jehovah is another name for God. When Blake talks about him dwelling in the flaming fire it could mean one or both of two things: One, that the real God is Blake’s Devil or two, that the flaming fire is Energy and that is where God lives and not in the stillness of Reason. Memorable Fancy Blake referring to the ‘fires of hell’, be talking about human experiences of emotion and desire. He is enjoying how these are harnessed and augmented by ‘Genius’ the bohemian type of life style, the life complete with both Reason and Energy. P6-7 L8: Another humorous juxtaposition ‘the abyss of the five senses,’ Blake is poking fun at the ‘Angels’ and talking again about how the senses which link the soul and body together are found in the realm of Energy not Reason. One cannot really reason out the senses,. The Proverbs of Hell take up the discourse of four plates. They could be seen as a satire of Old Testament. Blake displays the ideals and idioms of Romanticism as he sees it P7 L3: Blake assumes supposedly that the wise will learn from mistakes or too much excess of something, however only by having that excess, say of drinking and then getting a hangover, do they find their way to wisdom. Christian doctrine has been to resist all temptation and therefore be called wise. P7 L4: Prudence is a thing of ‘reason’ and incapacity is what becomes of desire manacled by reason. Prudence personified as a ‘rich ugly old maid’ means that she is a person who has squandered her life, her chance of happiness through using her riches and not answering the calls of love and so being left a virgin also meaning unmarried. P7 L6: A worm when cut just grows the missing member back, this proverb runs on the lines of Nietzsche’s what doesn’t kill me makes me stronger. P8 L1-2: Prisons are where one pays the price for ones wrongdoings to the state. A brothel is where one sells one’s body and Church is where one sells one’s soul. Also we have prisons because we have laws and prisons are a symbol of punishment here. We have brothels, Blake says, because we have religion which makes sex wrong or sex before marriage wrong. P8 L6: Don’t be ashamed of God’s work. Woman was made beautiful and shame of her form is foolish and possibly Blake might be saying with a twist of irony that it is also irreligious. .P8 12: Joys impregnate the soul and human experience. Sorrows bring forth from the soul possibly its endurance or those happy memories to relieve some of the pain. P8 L21: The cistern can only contain water which may stagnate therein a fountain is constantly jetting out water; another allegory of the opposition between Reason and Energy. P8 L22: Unclear in meaning but this could be taken to mean that the mind or soul takes up no space or all of space and so one thought may do the same. P9 L10: When water is ‘standing’ it means it is still and not moving and keeping fresh it becomes stagnant and dangerous to drink. If something is kept rigidly to a certain form that form becomes stagnant. Latin is a language which has become stagnant as it no longer is used and no longer develops. Societies can stagnate through the strict enforcement of custom like This might be an allusion to religion especially Christianity which Blake might have seen as out of date at that time. In fact Christianity was seen as out of date so much by the end of the next century Friederich Nietzsche declared that ‘God was dead’ meaning no longer useful in society which had developed him out of existence. P10 L7: Beauty comes not from stillness, form and order but from exuberance which is defined in my dictionary as: ‘superabundance, excess, copiousness, profusion, luxuriance, lavishness.’ It is lavish and in high spirits like arguably nature is. P10 L14: Blake thinks that nature with out man is barren, again trying to join to forces together man and nature. Also can be seen as a complaint to how far man has populated the earth that he can only be found where nature is barren, like deserts. P14 L10-11: This blessed fire or destruction will begin with an improvement of sensual enjoyment of the energies. These energies will most presumably grow and become flame, it is energy and excess of it that will strip the rotten and corrupt and make everything holy, the energy will transcend from Hell to heaven and unite the two. P14 L12-13: Before this marriage of two opposing forces can happen on the large scale, that which separates them must be united by the populous on the small scale. The mind and body must be united the fallacy or their dual existence must be expunged. This is the only way forward. Basically Marriage of Heaven and Hell is a satirical work which expresses many of the ideas of Romanticism. Here Blake is both insightful ironic. Blake believes that humans are not naturally good they are born with the potential for both ‘good and evil’. This poem is like making an omelet, Blake is whisking ingredients together which have been separated and ordered by the Enlightenment The Enlightenment is also known as ‘The Age of Reason’ which is what it basically was, reason was the top of fashion, one was overcoming desire and emotions, which Blake calls energies, and governing themselves with reason . Blake says that one needs opposites to exist together for a complete human experience or life. Emotion has to come into the mix we are human after all, but in Romantic we try to putting things back together again and mixing everything up, a key word to remember with Romanticism is ‘unity’ unity in the arts and human life. You see how Blake doing that with his ideas about opposites, emotions and that Heaven and Hell are getting married and fusing together

Metal Complexes Oxidation State Analysis

essay order Metal Complexes Oxidation State Analysis. In the Periodic Table, the elements can be grouped in blocks followed by the outermost electrons or valence shell. Transition elements are the main group in Periodic Table and those are the elements with a partly filled d or f sub shell. They all are metals with the similar characteristic properties. All can form the alloys with another and also with metallic main group element. They all able to conduct electricity well and appear high melting and boiling point (except mercury). Many of them will form the salts when react with mineral acids. They usually show more than one oxidation state. They also can form the colored compounds and have the magnetic properties. The coordination complexes have a central metal atom surrounded by different others atom or ligands. In the complex, the oxidation state of metal can be obtained by oxidation or reduction of the starting material. In transition metals complexes, the number of electrons various with the oxidation state of the metal. The magnetic properties of transition metals are interest in determining the oxidation state due to the electrons spin can generate a magnetic field. The magnetic moment of the metal is determined indirectly from the magnetic susceptibility. In this experiment, we had prepared manganese, cobalt and vanadium metals complexes. These three metals complexes are belonging to first row transition element. The first transition element series are those 3d electron shell consists between one and nine electrons. In experiment Part A, the complex of manganese are prepared, which is tris(acetyacetonato) manganese (III). Manganese is the third most abundant transition metal in the earth. The maximum oxidation state 7 is in the permanganates and the oxidation states from 7 to -3 are known. Complexes of manganese (III) were prepared in aqueous solution by chemical or electrolytic oxidation of Mn2 . The black tris(acetyacetonato) manganese (III) is obtained by the oxidation of manganese (II) solutions containing an excess of acetylacetone. In experiment Part B, the complexes of cobalt are prepared, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, which is cationic complex. Cobalt oxidation states in aqueous solution are 3 and 2. In the absence of complexing ligands, cobalt (II) is very stable in aqueous solution, Eo [Co(H2O)6]3 / [Co(H2O) 6]2 = 1.84 V However, if presence of some ligands, such as ammonia. The cobalt (III) becomes more stable and in octahedrally coordinated structure. Eo [Co(NH3) 6] 3 / [Co(NH3) 6] 2 = 0.10 V Cobalt (III) has a great affinity for nitrogen donors especially ammonia or amines. The hexammines are formed preferentially in the presence of charcoal catalyst and by using air as oxidant. When charcoal is absent and oxidation is carried out by hydrogen peroxide, the aquopentammines species predominates. The red chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is obtained by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is particular useful to start with cobalt (II) salts because cobalt (II) complexes being labile undergo rapid substitution reactions whereas cobalt (III) complexes are inert. The cobalt (III) complexes are thus produced by substitution of ligand molecules for coordinated water molecules around cobalt (II) followed by oxidation of the cobalt (II) ammine to cobalt (III) ammine. In experiment Part C, the complexes of vanadium are prepared, which was quabis (acetylacetonato) oxovanadium (IV). The 4 oxidation state is the one most important for vanadium in aqueous solutions. It is neither strongly oxidizing nor reducing and acidified solutions are stable to atmospheric oxidation. 5 oxidation state of vanadium is then reduced by sodium sulphite to V 4. Excess sulphur dioxide is removed by boiling. In general the compounds have either five or six- coordination around the vanadium. The structures are usually based on that of the tetragonal pyramid with the oxygen atom of V=O bond. The five-coordination compounds can formed six-coordinate by accepting a ligand molecule in the “vacant” site trans to the oxygen atom of V=O bond. Then VO(acac)2 dissolves in nonpolar solvents. Oxovanadium (IV) complexes are usually most conveniently prepared from V2O5 due to it is reduced by many anions in acid solution. APPARATUS: Conical flask Measuring cylinder Glass rod Hot-plate stirrer, magnetic bar Thermometer Beaker Sintered funnel FTIR spectrometer Guoy balance Round bottom flask with vertical condenser pH paper MATERIALS: Manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate Acetylacetone Potassium permanganate solution Acetone Ammonium chloride Concentrated ammonia solution CoCl2. 6H2O 30 % hydrogen peroxide Concentrated HCL 6M HCL Alcohol Vanadium (V) oxide Absolute ethanol Industrial ethanol 16% w/v of sodium carbonate Methylated spirit (for washing ) Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Concentrated sulphuric acid METHODOLOGY: Part A: Preparation of metal acetylacetonates 5g (0.025 mol) manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate (M.W. 197.90) and 1.3g (0.0095 mol) sodium acetate trihydrate (M.W. 136.08) are dissolved in distilled water (200 cm3) and 21cm3 (~0.20 mol) acetylacetone is added slowly to the stirred solution (checked whether its purify is 99%, density 0.975gcm1; the actual purify and density of the acetylacetone is recorded ; M.W. 100.11). The resultant two-phase system is treated with potassium permanganate solution (1g in 50cm3 of water). Small amounts is added with stirring and another sodium acetate solution (13g or 0.095 mol of sodium acetate trihydrate in 50cm3 of distilled water), after a few minutes. The solution is heated to about 60oC with continuous stirring for about 30 minutes. The resultant solution is cooled in ice-cold water and then the solid complex formed is filtered by suction filtration. The complex is washed with acetone and suck dry. Part B: Preparation of chloropentaamminecobalt (III) chloride 6g ammonium chloride is dissolved in 40cm3 concentrated ammonium (d=0.880 gcm-3) in a 250 cm3 conical flask. The solution was continually stirred while 12g of finely powdered CoCl2. 6H2O in small portion is added. (Each portion must dissolved before the next portion is added) A yellow precipitate of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 will formed. The slurry was warm in fume cupboard and 10cm3 of 30% hydrogen peroxide is slowly added from a burette, with vigorous swirling. An exothermic reaction occurred and a deep red solution is formed. Effervescence has ceased, 40cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid is slowly added and then the product is heated 15 minutes on a steam bath. 25 cm3 of ice water, then 25cm3 6M HCL and then alcohol are to be used to cool, filter and wash it. The product was dry at 110oC for an hour. Part C: Preparation of aquabis (acetylacetonato) oxovanadium (IV) 2g of vanadium (V) oxide, V2O5 is measured out into a 250cm3 conical flask. A mixture of 5cm3 distilled water, 4cm3 concentrated sulphuric acid and 10 cm3 absolute ethanol are obtained and added these to the above oxide. The mixture is boiled in a steam-bath with constant stirring (ensure all vanadium oxide is dissolved and the reaction of mixture did not allowed too much evaporation) until a dark blue solution is obtained. The deep blue solution contains the VO2 ions. [Alternatively, a magnetic bar and a hot-plate stirrer are to be used in heating the oxide-sulphuric-ethanol mixture; heating under reflux.] The reduction of the vanadium (V) to vanadium (IV) is completed in one hour. The solution is filtered; if necessary, a little ethanol is added to make the dark blue solution less viscous. The filtrate is transferred to a 250cm3 beaker, 5cm3 acetylacetone is added and then a 16 % m/v of sodium carbonate (sodium carbonate solid used is anhydrous) is added to make the solution neutral. Neutralize the solution slowly with constant stirring to avoid too much frothing. The addition of more carbonate solution did not produced more frothing at the completion of neutralization. The precipitation of complex is completed when the pH of the solution about pH5.5. The precipitated bis(actylacetonato)oxovanadium (IV) is filtered. Cold methylated is to be used to wash it and then cold ethanol (industrial grade or denatured) is to be used suction filtration. Under suction to dry and the yield (g and %) is recorded. Product was kept in a sample tube. Half of the product was recrystallize. It is dissolved in minimum volume of dichloromethane, the impurities are filtered and diethyl ether is added until precipitation occurred. The product is filtered and washed it with the ether and air dry. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS: The results and the percentage yield of the complexes Mn(acac)3 complex: No. of mole of MnCl2.H2O = No. of mole of Mn(acac)3 No. of mole of MnCl2.H2O = 5 g _ 197.90 g mol-1 = 0.025 mol = No. of mole of Mn(acac)3 Mass of Mn(acac)3 = 0.025mol x 351.94 g mol-1 = 8.80 g Percentage yield = ___Actual value x 100% Theorectical value = 3.53 g_ x 100% 8.80 g = 40.11% [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 complex: No. of mole of CoCl2.6H2O = No. of mole of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 No. of mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 12 g _ 238.00 g mol-1 = 0.05 mol = No. of mole of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 Mass of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 = 0.05 mol x 250.5 g mol-1 = 12.53 g Percentage yield = ___Actual value x 100% Theorectical value = _7.74 g x 100% 12.53 g = 61.77% [Vo(acac)2(H2O)] complex: No. of mole of V2O5 = No. of mole of [Vo(acac)2(H2O)] No. of mole of V2O5 = 2 g _ 182.00 g mol-1 = 0.01 mol = No. of mole of [Vo(acac)2(H2O)] Mass of [Vo(acac)2(H2O)] = 0.01 mol x 264.942 g mol-1 = 2.65 g Percentage yield = Actual value x 100% Theorectical value = 0.29 g x 100% 2.65 g = 10.94 % The magnetic field of the complexes Magnetic susceptibility = C (length of the tube with sample inside) (R-Ro) 109 M Where, C = calibration constant R-Ro = reading of the magnetic susceptibility balance (product) M = mass of product Formula Xg = mass susceptibility or gram of sample (Telsa) Mn(acac)3 complex: The magnetic susceptibility of the Mn(acac)3 is Magnetic susceptibility = 1(1.70cm)( 097) 109 (0.0555g) = 2.97 x 10-6 [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 complex: The magnetic susceptibility of the [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 is Magnetic susceptibility = 1(2.20cm)(-001) 109 (0.0367g) = -5.99 x 10-8 [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (pure) complex: The magnetic susceptibility of the [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (pure) is Magnetic susceptibility = 1(2.80cm)( 206) 109 (0.1022g) = 5.64 x 10-6 [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (impure) complex: The magnetic susceptibility of the [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (impure) is Magnetic susceptibility = 1(1.90cm)( 112) 109 (0.0533g) = 39.99 x 10-6 The magnetic moment of the complexes Magnetic moment, µ = [n (n 2)]1/2 BM Where, n = number of unpaired electrons BM = Bohr magneton Mn(acac)3 complex: Number of the unpaired electrons = 2 Magnetic moment =[n (n 2)]1/2 BM = [2 (2 2)] ½ = 2.83 BM [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (impure) complex: Number of the unpaired electrons = 1 Magnetic moment = [n (n 2)]1/2 BM = [1 (1 2)] ½ = 1.73BM Results of FTIR Spectroscopy for each complex: Part A : Tris (acetyacetonato) manganese(III), Mn (acac)3 Part B : Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl(NH3)5] Cl2 Part C : Aquabis (acetylacetonato) oxovanadium(IV) , [VO(acac)2(H2O)], (for pure and impure) Pure Impure DISCUSSION: According to the results that we obtained (Table 1), the percentage yield of the three complexes is calculated. The percentage yield of Mn(acac)3, [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 and [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (pure) are 40.11 %, 61.77 % and 9.10 % respectively. Based on the percentage yield that we calculated, the actual yield of these three complexes were less than the values of theoretical yield. This may due to some reason such as the procedure may not be conduct perfectly or completed when during the heating process. Another reason may be the reactant is not being pure, they may contain some contaminated. Products in the reaction may be lost during the procedure in the experiment. Hence, we should take note of these reasons in order to avoid it and to increase the precision of the results attained. We can minimize our technical error when doing the experiment such as heating or weighing the substance. This not only can help the results more accurate, this also can help to improve our experimental skills. For example, ensure the substances are heat completely. We also have to make sure the reactant is pure and no contain contaminant before starting the experiment. This also is one of the factors affect the actual yield of the experiment. Besides that, we also need to be careful handle the things during the experiment. For example, the product we must handle correctly, in order to avoid the products being lost. Therefore, the more accurate results can be obtained. Structure of the complex Mn(acac)3 [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 [VO(acac)2(H2O)] According to the results that we obtained (Table 2), the magnetic susceptibility of the Mn(acac)3, [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 and [VO(acac)2(H2O)](pure and impure) are 2.97 x 10-6, -5.99 x 10-6, 5.64 x 10-6 and 39.99 x 10-6 respectively. The magnetic properties of substances arise principally from the charge and from the spin and orbital angular momenta of electrons. Diamagnetic materials (negative of magnetic susceptibility) are repelled by a magnetic field (no unpaired electrons) whereas paramagnetic materials (positive of magnetic susceptibility) are attracted by a magnetic field (have unpaired electrons). Therefore, from the reading of the magnetic susceptibility we would know that both Mn(acac)3 and [VO(acac)2(H2O)] were paramagnetic and only [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 was diamagnetic. The reason can be due to the electron configuration of these three metal ions with their ligands. The manganese 3 ion is [Ar] 3d4, it has two unpaired electrons in the d-orbital. Hence, Mn(acac)3 was show the paramagnetic properties. In addition, the Mn(acac)3 has the higher paramagnetic susceptibility than [VO(acac)2(H2O)] due to the extra two unpaired electrons. As the same reason with the Mn(acac)3, the [VO(acac)2(H2O)] also shown the paramagnetic properties because the electron configuration of vanadium 4 is [Ar] 3d1and it has a unpaired electron in the s-orbital. However, different with another two complexes, the [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 was show the diamagnetic properties because the cobalt 3 is [Ar] 3d6, which has full filled in the d-orbitals so no unpaired electrons. Co complex also is a perfectly octahedral structure. Valence electron configuration of the complex In the FTIR spectrum diagram, we can see the manganese complex and vanadium complex were similar. This is because both of them have the same ligand (acac). However, the cobalt complex was much difference between manganese and vanadium complex. Based on the FTIR diagram that we obtained, the IR spectrum of the manganese complex, where the sp3 C-H stretching was 2908.8 cm-1, which was at the absorption band ~2900 cm-1 regions and 1381.0 cm-1 and 1394 cm-1 are occurred between the range 1400 cm-1 and 1380 cm-1, means the methyl group is presented. Thus, the C-O stretching also appeared in the region of absorption band about 1250 cm-1-1050 cm-1, where the IR spectrum was 1257 cm-1. For the second complex, [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 , the region of the absorption band between 3000 cm-1 – 3500 cm-1 was NH3 (ligand of the complex), the IR spectrum that we obtained was 3268.0 cm-1. The Co complex is occurred at the absorption band ~800 cm-1, which was 845.3 cm-1. Same as the complex of manganese, the methyl group of pure [VO(acac)2(H2O)] also occur at the region of absorption band 1400 cm-1 and 1380 cm-1, they were 1418.5 cm-1 and 1372.3 cm-1. Then, for the V-O stretching, IR spectrum 484.9 cm-1 is appeared at the region ~480 cm-1. On the other hand, the impure of the [VO(acac)2(H2O)] were almost the same as pure complex, only the O-H stretching is presented in the absorption band between 3200 cm-1 – 3600 cm-1 because contain the water molecules (before recrystallization). , The methyl group occurs at the region of absorption band 1400 cm-1 and 1380 cm-1, they were 1418.9 cm-1 and 1376.2 cm-1. Then, for the V-O stretching, IR spectrum 487.0 cm-1 is appeared at the region ~480 cm-1 . In this experiment, we can observed that the Part C experiment (preparation of the aquabis(acetylacetonato) oxovanadium (IV) , [VO(acac)2(H2O)]) was more difficult than another two experiments (Part A : preparation of metal tris(acetyacetonato) manganese(III), Mn (acac)3 and Part B : preparation of chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl(NH3)5] Cl2 ). This can be explained through their reaction process. In experiment Part A and B, they were used oxidation reaction to produce the complex. However, synthesis [VO(acac)2(H2O)]) , the reduction reaction was used. Reduction process needs more energy to release the electron and the starting materials of vanadium oxide have a stable electron configuration. Therefore, there is harder to add in more electrons to distort the stable electron configuration. Hence, the [VO(acac)2(H2O)]) was more difficult to form than another two complexes. In this experiment, the liagand of the manganese and vanadium is acetylacetone (acac). Acetylacetone has a CH2 group, which is adjacent to two carbonyl groups. In acetylacetone anion ([acac-]), one of the protons can be easy to remove due to the anion is stabilized by delocalization of the negative charge at the two oxygen (O) atoms. Therefore, the acetylacetone can be formed in three different forms called resonance form. CONCLUSION: The percentage yield of the Mn(acac)3, [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 and [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (pure) are 40.11 %, 61.77 % and 9.10 % respectively and the magnetic susceptibility of the Mn(acac)3, [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 and [VO(acac)2(H2O)] (pure and impure) are 2.97 x 10-6, -5.99 x 10-6, 5.64 x 10-6 and 39.99 x 10-6 respectively. Metal Complexes Oxidation State Analysis

Discussion 2: Documents and Website Content as Data Sources for a Qualitative Study

Discussion 2: Documents and Website Content as Data Sources for a Qualitative Study. Can you help me understand this Psychology question?

Websites and social media sites can provide important sources of data that will help expand your understanding of the stakeholders who are connected to the phenomena you are exploring.

Walden has devoted an entire website to making visible its actions and activities about social change. At the social change website, you will find videos, annual reports, text, and images. As you explore this data source, consider what text, images, and reports you would like to include as part of your data analysis exercise.
To prepare for this Discussion:

Choose one of the three social change literature review articles found in this week’s Learning Resources and review the article in detail.
Explore the Walden Social Change website and locate an additional document, video, or webpage that will inform your understanding of the meaning of positive social change. Reflect on any additional sources you find.
Next, write field notes based on the information you gathered from the Walden social change website and any other documents or websites that might inform your changing impressions about the meaning of positive social change.
Finally, review the media programs related to coding and consider how you will use this information to support this Discussion. Note: In your Excel Video Coding template there is a tab for your website data. Use this tab to place your content and codes for the website.

By Day 4
Prepare a brief explanation of your understanding of the meaning of positive social change thus far. Refer to the additional sources you have reviewed this week, and comment on how they are shaping your experience. Use the data you gathered from your analytic memo to support your explanation.
Be sure to support your main post and response post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA style.Zero plagiarizing, Quote work, No.com’s
Discussion 2: Documents and Website Content as Data Sources for a Qualitative Study

STU WK 3 Theories & Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice Discussion

STU WK 3 Theories & Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice Discussion.

Reply:

Natacha Milfort
St. Thomas University 
Discussion 3
Evaluating Theories and Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice
Introduction
The field of nursing comprises of different concepts that are implemented to manage various complexities and govern different confines of the profession. Studies have focused on exploring different nursing theories to understand their application and application in practice. Nursing theories and conceptual models offer strategies and methods which are applied by nurses in providing optimal care to patients (McKenna, 2006). Different approaches can be used in different health care settings around the world to offer essential insights which are, in turn, used to serve the needs of individual patients. The use of nursing theory in clinical practice varies across the globe due to different forces that drive change in health care (George, 2011). The cost of treatment, workforce capacity, advancements in medicine, and availability of technology are some of the forces that drive change in different health care systems around the world. The culture care practices are also different across the world, and this is influenced by several aspects, which include language, societal customs, and the environmental setting. 
Case Description
Nursing practice is characterized by different theories that address various confines of the profession. Correctly, the change theory is frequently applied in nursing practice to influence leadership for effective service delivery. Specifically, the models of change theory such as unfreezing, moving, and refreezing benefits nursing practitioner’s leadership by examining forces of change and determine appropriate intervention strategies (Fawcett, 2000). Notably, change theory is manipulated in the nursing practice to improve leadership by addressing factors that affect the practice based on their prevailing conditions. To facilitate effective implementation, change theory encompasses three models that examine various levels and steps that must be undertaken to achieve effective change as far as leadership and management are concerned.
The nursing practice has dramatically benefited from change theory following its importance in influencing leadership according to the needs of an organization. Following the complex activities and obligations that nursing practice present, changes are inevitable (George, 2011). Notably, the change theories’ models present enormous benefits that influence nursing practice as far as leadership is concerned. Firstly, the model of unfreezing is essential because it is applied to identify when a change is necessary for an organization according to the prevailing circumstance. According to Mitchell (2013), the unfreezing model is essential in change theory because it helps the leadership to diagnose problems in the organization and implement appropriate strategies towards their remedy. Majorly, the unfreezing model of change theory has benefited leaders in various nursing institutions to identify issues affecting their staff and other areas of practice (Mitchell, 2013). Precisely, the model drives change by encouraging communication between the team and leadership to know the challenges they encounter and address them effectively.
Consequently, the change theory is beneficial in nursing practice because it outlines remedies an institution’s leadership can apply to address challenges affecting them. Notably, moving model of change theory helps nursing institutions to avoid potential problems by examining their type of leadership (George, 2011). Specifically, the moving model has benefited nurses’ practitioner’s direction by emphasizing the democratic nature of management to enable the nurses to express themselves without fear (McKenna, 2006). Despite the benefits, change theory also presents various limitations concerning its application-varied areas in the nursing practice. Specifically, the method exhibits limitations concerning its application in making changes to address specific problems that arise during operations as well as those that affect the organization’s future.
Conclusion
In conclusion, theories and conceptual models have a positive impact to the nursing sector as well as the services offered to the patients. To facilitate effective implementation, change theory encompasses three models that examine various levels and steps that must be undertaken to achieve effective change as far as leadership and management are concerned (George, 2011).  Among the change theory models that are crucial in influencing successful change include unfreezing, moving, and refreezing models.
References
Fawcett, J., (2000). Analysis and evaluation of contemporary nursing knowledge: Nursing models and theories. Philadelphia: FA Davis.
George, J. B., (2011). Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice, 6/e. Pearson Education, India.
Mitchell, G., (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management, 20(1).
McKenna, H., (2006). Nursing theories and models. Routledge.
STU WK 3 Theories & Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice Discussion