Get help from the best in academic writing.

Save the Animals – Animal Testing Paper

Top Custom Essay Websites / By
Save the Animals – Animal Testing Paper. Melanie Sellner A poor animal shivers in a cage waiting for the researchers to return and continue testing. Dogs, cats, hamsters, mice, and primates are only a few of the many animals that are tested on daily. Even though some animal testing has been successful most are flawed because animals are too different from humans; therefore it should be stopped. Libby was a dog rescued from a lab, along with 250 other cats and dogs, that was shut down because of a PETA investigation. She crawled up to people, too scared to stand, the only thing separating her from the others was the number on her ear. She had hookworm, tapeworm, a vaginal infection and her teeth were rotten. The lab where she was rescued from was paid to infest dogs or cats with worms ticks and fleas. Then the animals were force-fed or smeared with chemicals to test products for companions.The PETA investigation showed they kicked, threw and dragged dogs. They lifted puppies by their throats and screamed at the animals. This investigation prompted the lab to fire four people; one was a supervisor, on felony cruelty charges. After her rescue, Libby is happy with her new family, playing tug-o-war and wrestling with the two other dogs the family owns(@peta). Of the millions of animals that are used in research facilities, the Animal Welfare Act or AWA does not cover rats, mice, fish and birds, which comprise around 95% of the animals used in research(Animal). The AWA-covered 1,134,693 animals used for testing in the fiscal year 2010, which leaves around 25 million other animals that are not covered(Animal). These animals are especially vulnerable to mistreatment and abuse without the protection of the AWA. The bodily structure, the chemical reactions used to keep cells alive, and cellular differences between animals and people make animals poor models for human beings. Paul Furlong, Professor of Clinical Neuroimaging at Aston University (UK), states that “it’s very hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we’re trying to achieve in the human”(Animal). Thomas Hartung, Professor of Evidence-Based Toxicology at John Hopkins University, argues for alternatives to animal testing because “we are not 70 kg rats”(Animal). Animal testing . Many animals used in experiments are force fed, forced to inhale, food and water deprivation, prolonged physical restraint, burned or are inflicted with other types wounds to study how they heal. The causing of pain to study its effects and remedies is cruel and inhumane. Killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means are some of the ways these poor animals die. One example of cruel testing is the Draize eye test which involves rabbits being forced to keep their eyes open, with clips, for prolonged periods of time and is used by cosmetic companies to test produces. Another commonly used test is the LD50 (lethal dose 50) test which involves finding out how much of a chemical will kill 50% of the animals being used in the experiment. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported in 2010 that 97,123 animals suffered pain during experiments and were given no anesthesia for relief(Animal). Jane Goodall is a chimpanzee specialist who has studied them for 50 years; she received a video of an animal testing lab and was horrified by what she saw. Chimps in the wild are close, supportive and have affectionate bonds between family members that last throughout their lives. They have nonverbal communication patterns of posture and touch that are similar to ours, like kissing, embracing, patting one another, swaggering, wave their fists, tickling and laughing. They even have a sense of humor and a sense of self that sets them apart. On the other hand chimp in cages, like the young, who lose their mothers may show signs of depression comparable to those of a socially deprived human child. Chimps show a variety of stereotypic stress behaviors, such as rocking, swaying, moving from side to side, and repetitiously banging on the mesh of their cages, the walls or the ceiling. And when researchers come to retrieve a patient the procedure causes extreme panic. Most researchers couldn’t care less about the animals in many cases. Animals stay in metal cages with no bedding or enrichment activities. Baby chimpanzees wearing diapers, clinging to each other, in their sterile cages. The cages of the adults were small and absolutely bare. There might be one shelf on which a chimpanzee could sit. When the staff, with gloves and masks, showed adult chimpanzees syringes the chimps would shy away and wouldn’t come, when this happened a capture gun was used. The sight of the gun caused panic with all the chimps. When the gun was used, the researchers did nothing to calm the panicked chimps. The chimps in the video were gradually confined to a smaller and smaller space. When researchers would sedate chimpanzees they didn’t care if the chimp was on a perch and would fall. Jane Goodall didn’t see any chimpanzee being given a reward-not even a kind or encouraging word when they did something correct. One researcher put an orange outside the cage where it could not be reached by the chimpanzee who rocked from side to side in depression. Most researchers have a lack of concern for the psychological welfare of the chimpanzees and that needs to change.(Goodall). Animal research has few successful results, is cruel and should be stopped. Hundreds of millions of animals lives can be saved if animal research is stopped. You can help by buying cruelty-free products or donate to foundations like PETA’s Rescue and Investigations fund to help them continue to investigate cruelty and seek justice for the animal victims. Works Cited @peta. “Life After the Laboratory: Libby’s Story.” PETA Life After the Laboratory Libby’s Story Comments. PETA People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 18 Oct. 2016. “Animal Testing – ProCon.org.” ProConorg Headlines. ProCon.org, 25 May 2016. Web. 18 Oct. 2016. Goodall, Jane. “Jane Goodall Responds to Undercover Chimpanzee Investigation.” : The Humane Society of the United States. The Humane Society of the United States, 4 Mar. 2009. Web. 19 Oct. 2016. Save the Animals – Animal Testing Paper
Texas Wesleyan University Pricing in The Internet Era BMW Motor Vehicles Discussion.

Pricing in the Internet EraThe internet has brought about lots of changes in the way businesses perform their functions. One of these changes is the ease and convenience of looking for a product’s price and choosing the one with the lowest price offering. This discussion is about price transparency and its impact on businesses. In Module 4, you studied the “product” component of the marketing mix. One category of products you learned about was “shopping” products. A common characteristic of these products is that customers engage in extensive search before choosing and buying them. For your initial post in the discussion forum, choose a shopping product from a well-known brand to research and address the following:Identify the customer segment(s) this product is targeting, based on what you learned in previous modulesDescribe the factors or characteristics about the product that consumers “search” by or consider before choosing the productBased on what you find on the company’s website and other credible web resources, explain the pricing strategy of the product (e.g., psychological pricing, prestige pricing, penetration pricing) Share whether you think the internet helps or hinders that strategy, considering that customers have easy access to the range of prices for this product. Is the product available through giant online retailers (e.g., Amazon)? What are the implications of this for the product’s pricing strategy? If customers have full information about price ranges, why don’t all customers go for the cheapest option for this product?Respond to at least two of your peers. Consider their responses to discussion points 4–6 above and critique their assessments for their products, supporting your position with specific examples. Then discuss how those points compare to your own product and explain why they might be similar or different across different products or brands.For your initial post (1), you must do the following:
● Compose a post of one to two paragraphs.
● Take into consideration material such as course content and other discussion boards from the current module and previous modules, when
appropriate (make sure you are using proper citation methods when referencing scholarly or popular resources)
Texas Wesleyan University Pricing in The Internet Era BMW Motor Vehicles Discussion

Stabilizing the US Debt using Committee for a Federal Budget Simulation HW.

Try your hand at stabilizing the U.S. debt by using Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget Simulation at http://crfb.org/stabilizethedebt/. Read through the “Intro” and click “Next” in order to follow the simulation instructions. Answer the following questions once you have completed the simulation:Were you successful in stabilizing the U.S. debt? If not, how much of a deficit or surplus did you end up with? What does this exercise tell you about the process of creating a budget plan?Reexamine the budget cuts or increases you made. What problems would such changes pose for a politician facing reelection?This budget simulator allows you only to change spending and tax expenditures over a one-year period. This poses what problems to finding a realistic economic solution
Stabilizing the US Debt using Committee for a Federal Budget Simulation HW

Industrial Robot Programming: ABB IRB 1200

Title: ABB ROBOTSTUDIO INTRODUCTION The ABB IRB 1200 is an example of a 6 Degree of Freedom industrial manipulator or industrial robot. Industrial robots are robots used in manufacturing [1]. They are programmable, automated and able to perform the multi-axis motion. They are used to carry out manufacturing processes like welding, assembly, pick and place, packaging, labelling and palletizing [1]. They are especially beneficial for tasks that involve the movement of heavy materials or materials in locations that are not easily accessible. They also can be used to move products that pose a hazard to humans and to move objects or products at a fast rate. Industries such as Automotive, Manufacturing, Packaging, Food, Textiles, Wood and Building have found that the use of industrial robots has been very valuable as it is able to increase efficiency, productivity, and profits. This project involves the use of RobotStudio software to program the IRB 1200 industrial robot to use a pen mounted to its tool flanged to write and draw out shapes. Three shapes are to be drawn on the first piece of paper. The second sheet of paper requires that the letters making up the word “SALFORD” be traced. Personal names are to be written on the third sheet of paper. The programming language called RAPID is used to program the robot. The aim of this project is to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to operate and program an ABB robot. MODEL DESCRIPTION D F C E B A Figure 1 ABB IRB 1200 Robot The ABB IRB 1200 has 6 axes. As shown in Figure 1 above, Axis 1 is found at position A, Axis 2 at position B, Axis 3 at position C, Axis 4 at position D, Axis 5 at position E and Axis 6, which controls the motion of the End Effector, is found at position F. The reach of the robot 0.9m and the handling capacity of the robot is 5kg. In jogging the robot to get to a point, motion can be carried out in an individual-axis mode, linear mode where multiple Axis move to give a straight line or diagonal motion or reorient mode such that the robot moves relative to the robot’s tool object. MODEL ANALYSIS Motion Types Move J : This instruction is referred to as motion by joint movement [3] and is used to move the robot’s Tool Centre Point(TCP) to a position or location but does not require the robot to move along a linear path. The robot can take any path as long as it gets to the programmer’s specified point. This move instruction is vital for starting its motion process as it really does not matter how the robot gets to its start point. The disadvantage of this move type is that the robot is not intelligent enough to recognise obstacles along the path its chooses to take and as such, can collide with objects or even people when getting to its start point. Move L: This move type is most commonly used when designing the path of operation of the robot. With a move L instruction, the robot’s TCP moves in a straight line from one point to the next specified point. This move instruction can only be used when the robot is carrying out its main task. Move C: The Move C instruction is used to move the robot’s TCP along circular point. This instruction is very vital when the operation to be carried out by the robot involves it to take a curved path. While other move instructions take one position argument, the Move C instruction takes two position arguments. For a semi-circular path, the first position argument is the centre of the semi-circle while the second position argument is the end point of the semi-circle. To program a complete (360 degree) circular path, two Move C instructions are needed, with each position argument taking a quarter point radius of the circle. The major difference between all the move instructions is that Move J moves in a non-linear path, Move L moves in a linear path and Move C moves in a circular path. With regards to when they are used, Move J is used as the first move instruction when starting the program, Move L and Move C are used when the robot is carrying out its main task. Coordinate systems They are used to define the position of the robot at any point in time during its main-task-handling. The robot is able to establish a flawless coordinate system by assigning a reference point called Origin which can either be Base, Work Object or Tool.  The Base Coordinate system: Figure 2 Base Coordinate System [2] The origin point is located at the base of the robot. It is used mostly when manually jogging the robot. It is the default coordinate system adopted by the robot manufacturers as it’s the simplest and easiest. The base coordinate uses up-down joystick handling as its X axis, left-right joystick handling as its Y axis and twist joystick handling as its z axis [2].  The Tool Coordinate System Figure 3 Tool Coordinate System [2] In the tool coordinate system, the origin is defined at the centre point of the tool. Every robot has a predefined Tool Centre Point which is located at the wrist of the robot. The wrist of the robot is the part of the robot that the tool attaches to. Once we attach a tool to the robot, we need to define a new Tool Centre Point (TCP). This is important because when we plan a path or location for the robot, it is the TCP the robot moves to the location. If the TCP is still set to default mode when using the Tool coordinate system, it would be the wrist of the robot getting to the programmed points and not the tool. In setting the TCP, we need knowledge of the position of the tip of the pen relative to the wrist of the robot, the centre of gravity of the tool and its mass. The tool coordinate system can be used when we do not want to change the orientation of the tool when the robot is in motion.  Work Object Coordinate System Figure 4 Work Object Coordinate System [2] This coordinate system sets the origin to be in relation to the workobject. A robot can be programmed to work with multiple work object coordinate systems as done in this project. The coordinate is specified by the user. The user jogs the robot to set three points that defines the position of the workpiece, two X-axis points and one Y-axis point. The advantage of using the work object coordinate system is that modification of the program can be easily done if the work object is moved. It’s unnecessary to program all the target locations again if the work object is moved. Instead, we specify the new position of the work object relative to its former position. For this project, three work objects were established: WobjPaper1 which defines the Shape-Based work piece; wobjsal which defines the work object for the Salford work piece; and wobj1 which defines the work object for the Name workpiece Zonedata It is used when the robot is programmed to move to a point, but the robot doesn’t need to reach that exact position. Zone data is a variable that is used to describe how close the robot should be to a programmed position before moving towards the next position. Most industrial operations require the robot gets to the exact position programmed and hence, the use of “fine” zone data. The values of zonedata in RAPID ranges from z5 to above z200. This means that the robot can move to the next position when its 5mm to above 200mm away from its programmed point. It is also possible to create a user-specified zonedata. Programming in RAPID An example of a RAPID code is shown below: MoveL * v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1;  Move L is the move instruction that tells the robot to move linearly to a point.  * Is the X,Y,Z coordinates the robot programmed to move to. The value of coordinates are based on the workobject indicated. It is to be noted that at any location the robot is, if a move instruction is added, the coordinate at that point is what is recorded in * but can be modified if it was the wrong coordinate.  Fine refers to the Zonedata of that instruction. Fine means the robot should get to that exact position.  V100 is the velocity or speed the robot is to move with. It is also a variable and it is set by the user. The values from the menu list in the flex pendant ranges from v5m/s to above v1000m/s. The default speed is v1000m/s but for this project, it was required to be 100m/s.  toolPen is the Tool Object specified by the user. It stores the details of the TCP. For this project, a pen as the tool object, hence, the variable name, toolPen.  WObj:=wobjPaper1specifies the workobect being used. For this project, three workobjects were created for the three different robot tasks. Rapid Programming Code MODULE MainModule VAR num Choice:=0; VAR num ShapeChoice1:=0; VAR num numshapes:=0; VAR num numname:=0; VAR num numsalford:=0; VAR num numcircle:=0; VAR num numsquare:=0; VAR num numsemicircle:=0; TASK PERS wobjdata wobjsal:=[FALSE,TRUE,””,[[658.061,-89.0533,103.035],[0.000000227,-0.000001718,0.000000304,1]],[[0,0,0],[1,0,0,0]]]; PROC main() TPReadFK Choice, “what would you like to draw?”, “Shapes”, “Salford”, “Name”, stEmpty, stEmpty; TEST Choice CASE 3: SAYO; TPWrite “Number of Name = “Num:=numname; CASE 1: SHAPES; TPWrite “Number of Shapes=”Num:=numshapes; CASE 2: SALFORD1; TPWrite “Number of Salford = “Num:=numsalford; ENDTEST ENDPROC PROC SEMICIRCLE() MoveJ [[-38.98,75.41,10],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-118.76,140.31,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-118.76,178.9,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-158.31,178.9,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveC [[-177.46,159.54,5],[0.461987,-0.553926,0.506545,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[-158.14,140.33,5],[0.461987,-0.553927,0.506544,0.472382],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-118.74,140.27,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-118.74,140.27,10],[0.461989,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; WaitTime 2; ENDPROC PROC CIRCLE() MoveJ [[-216.35,119.6,10],[0.461988,-0.553927,0.506545,0.472382],[0,0,-1,1],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-221.73,134.23,5],[0.461988,-0.553925,0.506543,0.472385],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveC [[-268.14,120.15,5],[0.461989,-0.553925,0.506543,0.472385],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[-254.38,73.55,5],[0.461989,-0.553924,0.506543,0.472386],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveC [[-208.18,87.18,5],[0.461989,-0.553924,0.506543,0.472386],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[-221.24,133.64,5],[0.461989,-0.553924,0.506543,0.472386],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-221.24,133.64,5],[0.461989,-0.553924,0.506543,0.472386],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; WaitTime 2; ENDPROC PROC SALFORD1() MoveJ [[72.29,52.72,-87.43],[0.0584463,0.728212,0.089383,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]],v150,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[72.29,52.72,-98],[0.0584463,0.728212,0.0893836,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[53.01,32.79,-98],[0.0584464,0.728212,0.0893836,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[71.77,14.11,-98],[0.0584464,0.728212,0.0893836,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[112.38,53.17,-98],[0.0584463,0.728212,0.0893835,-0.67698],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[131.29,34.26,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.0893836,-0.67698],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[113.27,14.16,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.0893836,-0.67698],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[130.72,59.96,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.0893833,-0.67698],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[54.64,78.04,-98],[0.0584462,0.728212,0.0893837,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[131.16,98.1,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893835,-0.676979],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[131.16,98.1,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893835,-0.676979],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[101.35,66.94,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893835,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[101.35,90.08,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893836,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[52.61,103.35,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[131.66,104.27,-98],[0.058446,0.728212,0.0893838,-0.67698],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[130.91,133.45,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893837,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[130.44,139.4,-98],[0.058446,0.728213,0.0893837,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[52.25,138.54,-98],[0.0584461,0.728213,0.0893838,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[52.25,167.39,-98],[0.058446,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[52.25,138.68,-98],[0.058446,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.676979],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[91.85,138.68,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.089384,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[91.85,163,-98],[0.0584461,0.728212,0.089384,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[66.59,173.57,-98],[0.058446,0.728211,0.0893844,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[51.36,187.04,-98],[0.0584459,0.728211,0.0893846,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[65.24,202.49,-98],[0.058446,0.728211,0.0893843,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[115.5,203.29,-98],[0.0584461,0.728211,0.0893842,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[130.07,188.89,-98],[0.0584459,0.728211,0.0893844,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[115.58,174.4,-98],[0.058446,0.728211,0.0893843,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[67.18,173.92,-98],[0.0584461,0.728211,0.0893842,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[128.53,209.22,-98],[0.0584461,0.728211,0.0893842,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[50.91,208.56,-98],[0.0584461,0.728211,0.0893842,-0.676981],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[70.92,237.48,-98],[0.0584462,0.728212,0.089384,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[90.03,208.97,-98],[0.0584464,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[89.93,217.82,-98],[0.0584465,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[129.33,238,-98],[0.0584466,0.728212,0.0893838,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[128.22,244.2,-98],[0.0584465,0.728212,0.0893839,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveL [[50.81,243.58,-98],[0.0584466,0.728212,0.0893837,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; MoveC [[90.41,282.45,-98],[0.0584468,0.728212,0.0893837,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],[[128.69,244.34,-98],[0.0584471,0.728212,0.0893835,-0.67698],[-1,-1,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,z10,toolPenWObj:=wobjsal; Incr numsalford; ENDPROC PROC SQUARE() MoveJ [[-38.98,74.99,10],[0.461988,-0.553927,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]],v100,z50,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-38.98,75.41,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-39.89,134.19,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506545,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-93.65,134.55,5],[0.461986,-0.553928,0.506545,0.472382],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-93.42,75.72,5],[0.461986,-0.553928,0.506545,0.472382],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-38.98,75.41,5],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; MoveL [[-38.98,75.41,10],[0.461988,-0.553926,0.506544,0.472383],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v100,fine,toolPenWObj:=wobjPaper1; WaitTime 2; ENDPROC PROC SAYO() MoveJ [[0,0,0],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,-1,1],[9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9,9E9]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[90,40,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveC [[83,26,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], [[85,8,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z10, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[136,42,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveC [[145,25,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], [[144,1,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z10, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[145,49,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[83,76,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[145,101,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[118,91,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[118,58,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[83,109,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[118,127,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[83,144,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[118,127,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[0,0,0,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[145,127,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[96,160,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveC [[83,180,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], [[100,207,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z10, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[135,207,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z20, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveC [[145,180,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], [[135,160,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]], v150, z10, toolPenWObj:=wobj1; MoveL [[96,160,2],[0.062002,0.748686,0.075926,-0.655637],[-1,-1,-1,1],[9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09,9E 09]],v150,z20,toolPenWObj:=wobj1; Incr numname; ENDPROC PROC SHAPES() TPReadFK ShapeChoice1, “What shape would you draw”, “Circle”, “Square”, “Semi.Circle”, stEmpty, stEmpty; Incr numshapes; TEST ShapeChoice1 CASE 1: CIRCLE; Incr numcircle; TPWrite “Number of Cicles = “Num:=numcircle; CASE 2: SQUARE; Incr numsquare; TPWrite “Number of Squares = “Num:=numsquare; CASE 3: SEMICIRCLE; Incr numsemicircle; TPWrite “Number of SemiCircle = “Num:=numsemicircle; ENDTEST ENDPROC ENDMODULE Code Analysis In the construction of this code, seven routines were created. They are: Main, Salford, Sayo, Circle, Square, Semi.Circle and Shapes routine. Also, variables with type integer, termed “num” in Rapid, such as numcircle, numsquare, numsemicircle, numshapes, numname and numsalford were declared. These variables served as counters. Numcircle, numsquare, numsemicircle are the variable names given to the number of circles, squares and semicircles drawn by the robot, respectively. Numshapes is the total number of shapes (circle, square and semi-circle) drawn. Numsaford and Numname are the variable names given for the number of Salford and name’s written, respectively. In the Main routine, a function called TPReadFK, Teach Pendant Read Function Key, was used to establish a user interface. In the use of this function, text is written on function keys [3]. Once any of those keys are depressed, the text written on the depressed keys are carried out. The argument for TPReadFK function consists of the text to be shown to the user, which is, “what would you like to draw?” and the list of operations, labelled, “stEmpty”, was replaced by “Shapes”, “Salford” and “Name”. The TEST function was then used to execute the instructions of any of the operations selected by the user. The TEST function is used because it can execute different instructions depending on a value or expression. Either the routine SAYO, SHAPES or SALFORD1 could be executed based on the value of “Choice”, which holds values 1,2 and 3 for SHAPES, SALFORD1 and SAYO respectively. TPWrite, Teach Pendant Write, is a function used to write on the Teach Pendant and it was used after the Routine call on each CASE to display the value of numname, numshapes and numsalford. It tells the user how many times the Name, Shape and Salford routines have been executed. The SHAPE routine was programmed similar to the Main routine. A TPreadFK instruction was used to setup the user interface by using the variable name “ShapeChoice” to store user input to the question “What Shape would you draw”. The conditions established were routines, Circle, Square and Semi.Circle. TPWrite instruction is added to display the number of circles, squares and semi circles drawn. The instruction “INCR” is added to perform an increment of the values of numcircle, numsquare and numsemicircle for every time either of the routine Circle, Square or Semicircle is carried out, respectively. INCR instruction is also added to the shapes routine to increment the value of numshapes.. The programming instruction for drawing the circle is written out in the CIRCLE Routine. A Move J instruction is used to move the joint axis of the robot to a position above the start point of the circle. Move L moves the robot to the start point. Since a single Move C instruction draws a SemiCircle, two of it is needed to draw out a full Circle, hence the double Move C instruction In the SQUARE Routine, the instruction for a Square-Shaped drawing is codded. Move J moves the Robot to a point above the start point while the Move L that comes after moves the Robot to start point. Since a Square is made up of straight lines joined together, only Move L instructions were needed to program the robot path. In the Semi-Circle Routine, Move J was used to get the Robot above the start point and Move L to the start point. Move L instruction were used to program the straight-line paths and a Move C was used to achieve the Semi-Circular shape. All Routines in the SHAPE Routine were programmed with the Pen Work Tool and WobjPaper1, Work Object. A delay of 2 Seconds is inserted in order to give the robot a rest before executing the next shape. Also, Since the workpieces needed exact-location motion, a Fine Zonedata was used. A velocity of 100m/s was used to ensure the work objects remained in good order as the robot executes its task because a fast movement of the robot can tear or damage the paper work object. In executing the SALFORD Routine, Move J was used to get the robot above the start point by joint movement. A combination of Move L and Move C instructions were used to achieve the word “SALFORD”. Move C to draw Circular letters and Move L for Straight-Line letters. The Work Object Coordinate system was used called “wobjsal”. A fine Zonedata was used to achieve exact-position motion and the Tool, toolPen, was used. The velocity of 100 m/s was maintained. The Incremental variable “numsalford” was added at the end of the program to achieve an incrementation only after the program has executed. In the SAYO Routine, the letters forming the name, SAYO, was programmed. The coordinates for the name was gotten from the Paint Desktop Application. A move J was used to move the robot to a point above the start point. Move L and Move C instructions were used to achieve Linear and Circular letters, respectively. Since an exact-location motion was not required, a zonedata of 20mm was used. The work object defined was wobj1 and an increased velocity of 150m/s was used. The incremental variable, “numname” was added to the end of the program for incrementation to be done only after the program has been executed. Conclusion The Programming Environment, RobotStudio, is a excellent tool to aid understanding of the programming and operation of an ABB Robot. References ABB . (2004- 2010). Technical reference manual RAPID Instructions, Functions and Data types. Sweden: ABB Products. RobotStudio. (2018). What is Coordinate System? Retrieved from Developer Centre: http://developercenter.robotstudio.com/BlobProxy/manuals/IRC5FlexPendantOpManual/doc210.html Wikipedia. (2018, December 24). Industrial Robot. Retrieved from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Industrial_robot

Writer’s Choice

essay writing help Writer’s Choice. Paper details As stated in our syllabus, you will be writing three response papers throughout the semester. This is not a summary or a report. Rather I want you to pick one aspect or section about the reading and respond to it. For example if you were to write a response paper about Rachel Carson’s, “A Fable for Tomorrow,” you may choose to write about her choice of using a fable to get her point across, or you may pick apart some of the metaphors and imagery she uses. For this paper you may choose to write about, Rachel Carson’s “A Fable for Tomorrow,” Somini Sengupta’s, “Bleak’ U.N. Report on a Planet in Peril Looms Over New Climate Talks”, or Margaret Atwood’s, “Time Capsule Found on the Dead Planet.” Please use MLA format, Times New Roman 12 pt. font, and double space your document. As a reminder, each response paper is roughly 5% of your grade. Also, Please upload the document rather than type the assignment in the box. Writer’s Choice

Employment Effects of the Minimum Wage

1. Introduction The question involving how minimum wage impacts employment remains among the most broadly studied as well as the most controversial topic in the labor economics, by a corresponding difference in the political domain. Minimum wage regulations are a perfect example of price control; price controls distort the quality of services and goods. And limit transaction volume in the market spot. In the scenario of minimum wage, costs are assumed to appear in the way of reduced output and employment; conversely, the gains accrue mostly to those who often retain their works at a relative high wage rate. Research findings have showed that minimum wages lessen the jobs vacant to low-skill workers. The potential advantage of imposing higher wages often comes from the greater wages for affected employees, and some percentage are in low-income or poor families. The potential shortcomings are that the higher minimum wage can discourage workers from utilizing the low-wage, low-skill employees that the minimum wage is anticipated to help. If in any case the minimum wages lessen employment of low-skill employees, then minimum wage is not a “free lunch” in which to help low-income and poor families, but as an alternative pose a tradeoff that is of benefit for several against costs for others. 2. Effects of the minimum wages on employment. According to Neumark and Wascher (1992), minimum wages lessens work for young adults and teens, with elasticity ranging from –0.1 to -0.2. Also, subminimum wages moderate misemployment effects. Conversely, some studies have shown that there is no direct relationship between minimum wages and employment, or even constructive effects. Card, Katz and Krueger (CKK) tries to reconcile these conflicting findings through challenging the results. Since study on minimum wages remains likely to affect policy decisions. Thus, the reconciling aspect is very vital. Imposing a minimum wage has contrasting effects on work creation. Though it lessens demand for labor through raising the marginal price of employing a fresh employee, a greater wage increases the gap between the expected employments to returns relative to unemployment, encouraging additional search effort, on unemployed employees. By aggregating the intensity of searching workers, the minimum wage increases the quality of competitions amongst employers and employees, thus generating the surplus. If employees’ extensive search effort significantly improves the employer firm match quality, then work creation may not be severely affected besides may even increase. Nonetheless, if the demand-side influence dominates, then raising the minimum wage causes declines in employment. 2.1 Pros of the effect of minimum wage on employment. Lots of low-wage, low-skill employees retain their jobs as well as earn higher salaries once minimum wages are amplified. Some research has not found that minimum wages result in fewer jobs. Living wage policies, for instance, those adopted by United States municipalities may help decrease poverty. In addition, targeted tax credit often does a great work of reaching the lowly than the minimum wages. 2.2 Cons of the effect of minimum wage on employment. Compelling evidence from various countries designates that imposing higher minimum wages leads to fewer jobs. Researchers that focus on unskilled employees find the stoutest evidence that imposing minimum wages lessens jobs. Low-paying jobs demanding level skills are jobs that are prone to decline with amplified minimum wages. In the United State, higher minimum wages does not help. 2.3 Discussion of cons and pros Studies of minimum wages depict an economic labor market, especially for a single job, through an upward-sloping curve of labor supply (S) plus a downward-sloping curve of labor demand (D). There is an impeccable equilibrium wage, w, as well as equilibrium quantity following labor employed, L. by a binding- minimum wage, mw that is greater than w, fewer employees are used, this is attributed to two reasons. First, employer’s subset away from the currently more expensive labor as well as towards other inputs for instance capital. Second, since costs are greater with this brand new input mix, product costs rise, which later lessens labor demand. As a result, these two effects lower employment- Lmw. Below is a graph of the effect of minimum wage on employment (Neumark

Oakwood University Week 1 Marginal Cost Benefit of a Firm Problems

Oakwood University Week 1 Marginal Cost Benefit of a Firm Problems.

Chapter 1 Page 38 P1-4 Marginal cost-benefit analysis and the goal of the firm Ken Allen, capital budgeting analyst for Bally Gears, Inc., has been asked to evaluate a proposal. The manager of the automotive division believes that replacing the robotics used on the heavy truck gear line will produce total benefits of $560,000 (in today’s dollars) over the next 5 years. The existing robotics would produce benefits of $400,000 (also in today’s dollars) over that same period. An initial cash investment of $220,000 would be required to install the new equipment. The manager estimates that the existing robotics can be sold for $70,000. Show how Ken will apply marginal cost-benefit analysis techniques to determine the following: The marginal benefits of the proposed new robotics.The marginal costs of the proposed new robotics.The net benefit of the proposed new robotics.What should Ken recommend that the company do? Why?What factors besides the costs and benefits should be considered before the final decision is made?
Oakwood University Week 1 Marginal Cost Benefit of a Firm Problems