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Product and Process Analysis on Golf Club

ABSTRACT The universe of golf club design has dramatically expanded and passed on over the past 20 years. High expectations for design skills coupled with the increasing influence of advanced technology within club design and the play make this an industry of continual flux and revolution. This thesis will layout a comprehensive plan of an approach to teaching a class in golf course design to landscape architecture students. The subject area of golf course design is enormous, with its own story and many technical details. I think that it is possible for engineering students to acquire a universal apprehension of the tip that would be beneficial to them whether they prefer to pursue golf course plan or some other related field like community design or resort planning. TABLE OF CONTENT Table of Contents ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION DESIGN SPECIFICATION Collection of materials/tools The tools required to design golf club and the materials used The materials used Measuring and cutting of the shaft/readings Assembling the club/swingweight The Manufacturing Process Forming the head: Forming the shaft: Quality Control The Future INITIATING THE PROJECT PLANNING THE PROJECT EXECUTING THE PROJECT CLOSING THE PROJECT Customer’s Focus: Process Approach ISO 9001 STANDARD Improving processes Reduce costs BENEFITS Critically reflect on personal performance identifying developmental needs The leaning outcome The student’s difficulty Improvement Conclusion Reference INTRODUCTION The actualization of every project comes about by implementing creative solutions to accomplish the target. The procedure of designing a golf course requires careful thought and preparation. By attending golf practical design, construction skills, we can anticipate and account for problems or factors which might become challenges facing the project result. As engineer, we are essentially problem solvers, and by developing solutions before construction, the project proceeds as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. Describe tools to improve industrial performance within engineering organisations. A clear analysis of the considerations made during the design process DESIGN SPECIFICATION Engineering designs can be labelled as innovation-devices or arrangements that are created by human effort and did not exist before or are improvements over existing devices or arrangements. Describing engineers primarily as problem solvers. What differentiates design from other types of problem solving is the nature of both the problem and the answers. Design problems are open ended in nature, which implies they receive more than one right answer. The outcome or solution to a design problem is a system that holds specified properties. The five basic-step process usually used in a problem-solving also works for design problems as well. The four steps procedures in designing a 6-iron golf club are:  State laws differ about the scope of publicity  Collection of materials/tools  Measuring and cutting of the shaft/readings  Assembling the club/swingweight State laws differ about the scope of publicity Golf clubs are the instruments we use to hit the golf ball. A golf club has three parts — the Head, the Shaft and the Grip. The patterns of golf constrain golf club designs, only the goal of clubmakers is to create golf clubs, within those constraints that maximize the physics behind a golfer’s swing while allowing for some range of swing error to provide an accurate, long, and forgiving shot. The better your swing, the less forgiving club you require whereas the more your swing needs work, the better off you are with a more forgiving club design. Collection of materials/tools The tools required to design golf club and the materials used Club Length Measure Tool or Ruler Frequency Analyzer Swing Weight Scale The materials used 40 inches length of steel shaft 6-iron head club and the grip Measuring and cutting of the shaft/readings This method covers the procedure for measuring the shaft of a 6-iron golf club. Original length of the steel shaft golf-club given 40 inches Expected length of steel shaft 36.5 inches Expected length of the steel shaft without club 36.5 inches Expected cycle per minute for 6-iron (Regular) 295 – 300 Length of the golf-club 1 inch Driver grip, from the end 1.5 inch Tip end shaft 1 inch The original length of the shaft is 40 inches and the length of head club is 1 inch. 40inches – 1 inch =39 inches Put the steel shaft in the frequency analyser and take down the readings, adjust the shaft backward you take each reading Golf club Cycle per minute 39.5” 287.64 37.0” 301.43 36.4 296.91 Our final reading of the steel shaft with the club attached at the tip end is 36.4” with a frequency of 296.91 cycle per minute with 2.6” out of the frequency analyser To cut-off the remaining inches, use a tube cutter to trim the shaft or a hacksaw (39.0” – 2.6” = 36.4”). Assembling the club/swingweight There are various ways to fasten the head to the shaft. Insert the shaft into the socket on the club head and insert the grip and then place the golf club on the ruler to take the final measurement of the golf club which is 37.5 inches (the shaft length head club the grip = 37.5”). Place the golf club on the swingweight tool to get the readings which is; Swingweight: D1. An analysis of the importance of the design stage within the manufacturing process The Manufacturing Process Golf clubs are made up from a broad assortment of fabrics, including metals, plastics, ceramics, composites, wood, and others. Every golf club maker uses a little different manufacturing process. Big companies use highly automated machinery, while smaller companies use hand tools. Some components of the manufacturing process may be singular to one society and regarded as trade secrets. Here is a method of operations applied to produce a machine-made, perimeter-weighted golf iron. Forming the head: The head is created by a process called investment casting. A master die of the club head is constructed from metal. The die consists of two halves with a hollow cavity that is the exact condition and size of the craved club head. Forming the shaft: If the shaft is produced of steel or stainless steel, it is made by a process called tube drawing. A tube of the craved length is pulled part way through an opening in an die little smaller than the tube diameter, which causes the drawn portion of the subway system to knock down in diameter. Quality Control Golf clubs are made with much attention to specifications as components for aircraft. In fact, most club manufacturers feature their specifications as a means of differentiating their clubs from the contest. Swing weight, lie angle, shaft torque, and a horde of other specifications are not just important to the club designers, but are too significant to the company’s clients. The Future The status of golf is expected to proceed to rise. As the number of recreational players increases, there will be an emphasis on designing clubs that make the game more interesting for the intermediate golf player. B. In relation to the product you have manufactured: Four each of the 4 stages of the project management process, describe the activities you undertook within each stage. This week, we student typically are taking on a task to design golf club, assigned the project and the necessary resources to a carefully chosen individual and assumed were using some form of task management. The project management process typically includes four key phases: initiating the project, planning the project, executing the project, and closing the project. An abstract of each form is supplied under. INITIATING THE PROJECT The task management techniques related to the project initiation phase include: Setting up the project initiation team. This calls for organizing team members to aid in posting away the project initiation activities. Building a relationship with the client. The reason for your customer’s organization will foster a more substantial relationship between the two parties. PLANNING THE PROJECT The task management techniques related to the project planning phase include: Identifying the project scope, alternatives, and feasibility: The understanding of the content and complexity of the task. Relevant questions that should be answered include: What problem/opportunity does the project address? What results are to be achieved? What needs to be done? How will progress and success be measured? How will we know when we are done? Split the project into tasks: This step is practiced ensuring an easy progression between tasks. Estimating resources and creating a resource program: This serves to collect and arrange resources in the most efficient manner and hence along. EXECUTING THE PROJECT The task management techniques related to the project execution phase include: Carrying out the baseline project plan. The task of the project manager is to initiate the performance of task activities, acquire and assign resources, orient and develop new team members, keep the project on agenda, and assure the quality of project deliverables. Monitoring project progress against the baseline project plan. Using Gantt and PERT charts, which will be discussed in detail further on in this paper, can aid the task manager in managing this. Communicate project status. This implies that the total project plan should be shared with the entire project team and any revisions to the program should be conveyed to all interested parties so that everyone understands how the program is evolving. CLOSING THE PROJECT The task management techniques related to the project closedown phase include: Closing the project. In this phase, it is important to notify all concerned parties of the culmination of the task. Likewise, all project documentation and books should be finalized so that the final recap of the task can be directed. Conducting post project reviews. This is done to find out the strong points and weaknesses of project deliverables, the procedures used to make them, and the project management process. Closing the customer contract. The concluding action is to ensure that all contractual terms of the project have been seen. C. In relation to the product you have manufactured undertake the following: Identify two principles of the international standard for quality management ISO9001 and analyse how these could be used as a tool to improve performance. Customer’s Focus: The principal focus of quality management is to conform to customer requirements and to strive to surpass customer expectations. To explain further, sustained success is reached when an organization attracts and keeps back the trust of customers and other interested parties. Some key benefit to keep customer expectation are; Increased customer value Increased customer satisfaction Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty Enhanced repeat business Actions to take to achieve customers expectation are as such; Recognize direct and indirect customers as those who picks up the value of the system. Understand customers’ current and future demands and expectations. Plan, plan, produce, create, present and support goods and services to satisfy client demands and anticipations. Process Approach Steady and expected consequences are accomplished more effectively and efficiently when activities are interpreted and managed as interrelated processes that serve as a logical scheme. The quality management system and understanding how results are created by this arrangement enables an organization to promote the system and its operation. Some of the key benefit includes; Heightened power to concentrate effort on key procedures and a chance for betterment Steady results through a system of aligned processes and so on. Identify a standard which could relate to your product and analyse how this is of benefit to industry. ISO 9001 STANDARD Designing a golf club, does not mean if your design meets the ISO 9001 requirements. As a designer, a good design process is vital unless you just manufacture products based on customer drawings. In ISO9001, it does not tell how to implement designs but only what you needed is required to be implemented. The standard parts that is required in ISO9001 which formalised the procedure, processes and responsibilities are; Improving processes Plan: Address the problem, collect measurement/data and plan a change Carry-out: Develop and follow out the solution Check: Review test, confirm results, measure how effective was the variety Act: Take action based on the outcome of the previous measure. Implement improved solution Reduce costs: this includeseliminating waste and better efficiency and so on BENEFITS Its benefit is based on the potential features and considering how I communicate the benefit to industry. The product features Potential benefit to industry How it is developed or manufactured It supports local industry and helps the environment How it compares to competitors’ products You are receiving quality and value for money Allows flexibility and comfort Offers greater detail and leaves for more exercises Its cost You can well afford it Critically reflect on personal performance identifying developmental needs The leaning outcome In the laboratory, all the pupils in their different groups discoursing on how to carry-out their designs on golf club, I saw that on that point would be a great deal to memorise during this exercise and decisions made is based along the test, calculations, the measurement we took, during the design of the golf clubhouse. By serving a group workshop, we acquainted ourselves with the undertaking given to us. The student’s difficulty The most difficulty we have was when finished the installation/assembling the golf club, we realised that the golf club is short by 1.1” compare to our expected result which is 37.5” and the fault was from weighting and taken down the frequency readings and a wrong measurement was used to cut the shaft of the of the golf club and the cutting the shaft is done at one end of the shaft only, of course, we have to start all over again. Improvement In as much as there are no limitations on weight or materials, if I am improving on my intent, then the weight of the shaft must be somewhat larger than the original weight (126 grams), with the combined improved club and the swing testers of 6-iron club hit the ball will be valued. Conclusion The experimental values and forecast values of improved club mentioned in this paper can be an important reference for golf companies to customize the clubs in the hereafter, the hitting distance can be increased by nearly 5% to increase the maximum hitting efficiency of the club. Reference http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Golf-Club.html#ixzz5i4cSkWa http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Golf-Club.html#ixzz5i4UMI3zX http://www.tcsme.org/Papers/Vol40/Vol40No4Paper22.pdf
Searching for Life Outside Our Solar System.

For this assignment you are going to practice some of the data analysis that astronomers have to do to look for evidence of extrasolar planets. You are given six example graphs of data that use three different methods: the astrometry method, the “wobble” or spectral method, and the transit method. I have provided some notes in the reading section on each of these methods, using the same types of diagrams I provide for the assignment. You will also be able to find a lot online about these methods and the discoveries made with them.
Searching for Life Outside Our Solar System

Cuyamaca Effectiveness of Food Labelling in Promoting Healthy Consumption Paper.

I’m working on a english writing question and need support to help me understand better.

please watch this : https://gcccd.instructure.com/courses/36537/module…
All Students will upload their MLA Outline with the Rogerian Thesis at the top of the paper.  Please review my MLA paper  Power Point or the Example of an MLA Outline as noted in earlier modules.  This example has a cover page, an outline, a rough draft ( which is written quasi APA style due to the chunks of divisions in the rough draft)  Do NOT copy this model, but move on to read the final MLA paper, where you will see a thesis driven paper and NO divisions within the paper, which is not an MLA style, but it is an APA style.  
Please submit this outline with the Rogerian Thesis
and this is my rogerian thesis:
Despite food labelling considered an effective way of improving the health of consumers, it has been questioned on its effectiveness considering the less consideration of the labels that the consumers manifest when making choices on the foods to select. The essay following details both the positives and negatives of the food labelling policies and practices for packaged foods and canned goods. Paragraph One: The past and the need for the food labelling laws affirms the growing concerns on healthy feeding for humans. This paragraph will evaluate the past and the need for food labelling.

Cuyamaca Effectiveness of Food Labelling in Promoting Healthy Consumption Paper

Care Of People With Learning Disabilities

Regardless of the above mentioned fact, a large majority of the population, in the UK continues to suffer from blatant neglect in terms of receiving quality health care. Although there are various services offered by the government at various levels to ensure proper care of patients, the more psychological and moral aspects of ‘care for the soul’ and ‘dignity in health care’ are usually ignored. This paper, aims to probe the various issues related to the element of ‘dignity’ as it pertains to provision of health care of people suffering from learning disabilities, and explores the range of services available to them, at various stages of life, from birth till death. People with Learning Disabilities are one of the most Vulnerable groups in the society (Department of Health 2001). It is estimate that there are over 800,000 people in the UK aged over 20 years who have a learning disabilities and this number could be rise by 14 percent to 900,000 by 2021 (Department of Health 2005a). Dignity in care has become an important policy thrust for the people with learning disability and it’s a fairly recent trend for governments to feel that it is their role to enlighten people how to do their job rather than just set broad guidelines/policy parameters for the Health and social service (Wainwright. 2008) Meaning and Definition of the terms and Concepts used: The terms and / or concepts which are frequently used throughout this study, such as ‘Dignity’, ‘Learning Disability’, and ‘Disenfranchised Death’, are explained in the following section: The term Dignity is defined as: “Dignity is concerned with how people feel, think and behave in relation to the worth or value of themselves and others. To treat someone with dignity is to treat them as being of worth, in a way that is respectful of them as valued individuals” (RCN, 2008). Dignity in care consists of numerous overlapping phases which pertaining to respect, privacy, independence and self-esteem. The impermanent sense of dignity used as a guide which based on standard dictionary definition. “At state, quality or manner worthy of esteem or respect ; and self-respect. Dignity in care, therefore, means the kind of care, in any setting, which supports and promotes, and does not undermine, a person’s self-respect regardless of any difference.” (A desk research report prepared for the Department of Health 2009): Learning Disability: In the UK in 1995 there was a ground swell of opinion and referred to as ‘mentally handicapped’ their families and those who worked with them, brought about a change in terminology from mental handicapped to learning disability(M.Brown-2003). Learning disability includes the presence of: A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn new skills (impaired intelligence), with a reduced ability to cope independently (impaired social functioning); and a condition which started before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development (Scottish Executive, 2010). Disenfranchised Death: ‘Disenfranchised death is death that is not openly acknowledged with the dying person, where the dying person is socially excluded from the process of dying and deliberately excluded from the decision making processes…’ (Read, 2006: 96) However, reviewing different context of learning disability care reveals a variety of ways in which the term has been defined several times (Department of Health 2001a, Gates 2003,Grant et al 2005, O’ Hara

Cypress College Primary Function of the Catacombs Questions

essay help online Cypress College Primary Function of the Catacombs Questions.

I’m working on a art writing question and need guidance to help me study.

Watch Videos and then answer the questions below.https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-hist…Art 1 Module 8/Assignment on the Catacomb of PriscillaPurpose: To understand Early Christianity during the Roman EmpireSkills: To determine the function of Early Christian Art To recognize Early Christian symbolsTo learn about Early Christians1. What was the primary function of the catacombs?2. What are loculi?3. Give one example of an early Christian symbol and its meaning seen in the catacombs?4. What is one possible reason why Christian images don’t appear until almost 200 years after the beginning of Christianity?5. Give one example of a Bible story that is represented in the catacombs.
Cypress College Primary Function of the Catacombs Questions

Child labor in Egypt

Child labor in Egypt Child labour is work that may harm children or keep them away from education. It is a disaster on edge, a world wide known scene is the working child. You can see them every where especially in developing countries, rural areas. To the degree that you can forget that it’s a big catastrophe that really concerns our families and communities. Our hope in those children fades into a black ugly future. Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. I do believe that Poverty and the lack of education are the most important reasons for child labor, especially in the agrarian sector. Other reports show that the policies of market liberalization contribute greatly to the spread of this phenomenon and the violation of children’s rights to care and protection. More over Consequences of child labor are crystal clear which do affect the psychological state and their health; causes are varied according to the community, needs, traditions and the knowledge raising level. However solutions are always available if we do care to reach them. This essay examines the problem of child labor and its causes and effects, together with the required measures needed in order to prevent the serious issues that could be disastrous and life threatening on Egyptian children. First we have to define the word child; the meaning could be based on different aspects, some can refer to puberty age as a quite end of childhood thus boys of 13 and girls of 10 are supposed to be mature and not children anymore, in my opinion this is the peek of injustice. Other can refer to the education years, so that after secondary education you are more of a man knowing that you completed about 16 years old, much better opinion yet not really satisfying. Others do prefer the medically word reaching, being mature by 21, and that is quite fair but it won’t ever be considered as a minimum working age in our country. So the word actually differs from one culture to another, and as a result laws should be imposed on that part which I think that it’s effective when discussing that problem, the real age of working should be settled under the supervision of lots of medical and psychological doctors to reach the optimum age where we can say that working man is not more a child labor. When thinking about it, there are a lot of complexities and considerations that should be taken wisely and handled carefully to achieve the best results. First we have to know or even passing by the psychology of the child. It is well known that his psychology and his mental state structure are really different from the mature ones, they had their own thinking and their own bright colored captivated world, it should be mingled with joy and happiness, play and developing themselves step by step but in insuring way, to discover their own world through their families, their bodies and souls. An important stage that will surely affect our lives in the future, what if that part of his life is removed, depriving him from his rights, but even adding a lot of responsibilities on his back? They will surely age quickly and die much younger. Few can consider it a benefit that working early in your life would grow the reliability and the responsibility features in the kid of 8 years, I’m totally against it, they think that those aren’t human but more of computers, the more you give, the more you take, its more like feeding a new born baby the usual meals of a grown man. Being a thief, that what someone can call himself when he orders a kid to work, stealing his best part of his life, his childhood, he is aging him so early that the child could come to a certain point and got lost just from tiredness. “Children are bullied, isolated and shut out of school. They are missing out on education. They are missing out on medicines. Children are missing your love, care and protection.” (Jackie Chan) Children have special needs that should be fulfilled first before going to work like basic needs of food, shelter, emotions, and love and caring. It is believed that the last one is the most important thing to produce a reasonable state and a man later. The fact of choosing has to be considered also, had the child has the right of choosing being a labour or not, most of them had been ordered to work either by their parents or any other member of their family. What can a child aged 6 years offer to a family or even his country? Nothing actually he loads on it. Thus parents should think for the best of their children and stop selfishness and lust for money. Some families may send their own children to what is called an easy work, like a delivery guy or something rather than sending them to hard work like coal mining work and all that work concerning efforts and great deals of concentration. But actually work is a work, whether it’s easy or hard, physical or mental involved work. All work involves a challenge and still those easy worked labors do called child labors. Parents and the government are fully responsible for the appearance of such devastating scenes in the street and it huge spread. The few pounds that a child earns really would never make such a big difference. Normally children are paid fewer wages than adults, this does not make parents feel proud to see their child working and spending his money on satisfying the basic needs of the home, or greedy aims that had turned family members into monsters that can deprive their child from the colorful and respectful life again, even animals do not let their children hunt food or go on their own. Thus fear do control our children, they can do everything even the impossible just to feel safe no more. Parents also fear their hidden entrusted future, so they use their children as a life grasping tool in order to overcome the worse which is life. They do refer that they care about them the most and at the same time they are driving them to hell, moving them out of schools, creating small rude bullies deprived from any good manners that we really need to plant it in our children those days. Some may sympathies with those parents; one may say that they got nothing but their children to make their living. Maybe the parents were too old ore even disabled, thus there is no way from abusing and seducing their children. Birth control is a huge issue that threatens the futures of all children. This will increase the level of poverty which forces kids to leave education and go to work to support their families “There is abject poverty in Egypt, so families use children as breadwinners,” (Nevine Osman Dec 4, 2006). There will be lack of job chances with more competition in case of failure to control birth. Starting campaigns to tell people about ways of controlling birth and what are the problems of having lots of children. They will also know how to change their lifestyle and their way of thinking in life which will help them generally in their lives. Traditions play a very important role here, for example land lord, and would prefer to move his child out of school to help him in planting and cropping fields. Not a money need problem, but a tradition that a son should be always be his father’s eyes and soul, he should imitate him, stick at his back, moving out of his personality and wear his father’s, depriving him from his right of choice, being a copy cat of his father, being of no use in the whole community. He would fail to success and he would fail to return to him self once more which could trigger a lot of psychological problems in those children when they grow up. Jealousy could rush out extremely which would be very dangerous on the child, he would turn into a greedy person, who envy his friends if he would still have any, also he will hold a lot of greed towards his family. And it is not his fault, but his parent’s. In many rural areas where education is not strong enough there to make a difference; because of the lack of schools or it is too expensive to afford, some families may not trust education, they were not educated and thus they introduce to the new world arrogant people that will surely be a load on the whole community. This practice is considered exploitative by manyinternational organizationsand is illegal in many countries. Child labor was exploited to varying extents through most of history, but entered public strife with the arrival ofuniversal education, with changes in working conditions during theindustrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts ofworkers’ andchildren’s rights. During theIndustrial Revolution, can’t imagine that young children of only four were employed in production factories with horrible, and almost fatal, working conditions.Based on this issue of abusing children, now developed countries turned to be ahuman rightsinfringement, and are outlawed, however some poorer countries may accept or even encourage child labour. Charles Dickensfor example worked at the age of 12 with his poor family in a blackening factory of a certain prison and his suffering really appeared in his writings from Oliver Twist and others. Supple boys were employed by the chimney sweeps; tiny children were entitled to crawl under machinery to retrieve cotton seeds; above it children were ordered to work incoal minesto scramble through low and narrow tunnels which can’t be reached by older men. They worked as undertaking boys, crossing sweepers. They do deserve your deepest pity and mine too. A high number of children also worked asprostitutes.Children as young as three were put to business. In coal mines children began work at the age of four and regularly died before the age of 24. Many children worked over than 16 hour days. Some of those poor creatures worked as tourists guides, entitled to bring in business for shops and restaurants and there they may work as well as waiters. They are given a lot of tedious and repetitive jobs like assembling boxes, polishing shoes, pilling up a store’s products. However, most child labor occurs in the informal sector, “selling many things on the streets, at work in agriculture orhidden away in houses—far from the reach of official labor inspectors and from media scrutiny.” (Mubarak, Susan (2002)). And all the work that they did was done in all types of weather; and was also done for minimal pay. As long as there is family poverty there will be child labor. According toUNICEF, there are about 158 million children aged 6 to 14 in child labors worldwide, excluding child domestic labor. TheUnited Nationsand theInternational Labor Organizationconsider child labour exploitative,with the UN stipulating, in article 32 of theConvention on the Rights of the Childthat: States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.(Convention on the Rights of the Child – 29thDecember 2009). Also globally there is an estimated count of 250 million children working. Concerns have normally been raised over the buying public’s ethical conspiracy in buying products gathered or even produced insome developing countrieswith child labour; on the other side others have raised concerns thatboycottingproducts manufactured using child labour may direct these children to more back-breaking or gruelling professions, such as prostitution or even peculation. Child labor is a pressing issue in Egypt and the world, Egypt is well known of its high quality cotton and its enormous cotton fields, thus most of families in delta do rely on farming. Researches showed that the children employed there work long hours, routinely face beatings at the hands of foremen, and are poorly protected against pesticides and heat. Working eleven hours a day, seven days a week. The children inspect cotton plants for leaf worm eggs and manually remove infected portions of leaves. Actually children were cheaper to hire, more obedient, and had the “appropriate height” for inspecting cotton plants. Majority of them are between the ages of seven and twelve who earn on average three Egyptian pounds (less than one U.S. dollar) each day. Knowing that Temperatures in Nile Delta cotton fields can reach 40 degrees Celsius. Added to it, Requests for water are granted at the discretion of the foremen. Most of children recounted routine beatings with wooden switches by foremen whenever a child was perceived to be slowing down or overlooking leaves. They are humiliated, we were alarmed, but where is the action? Children resumed work on cotton fields either immediately after pesticide spraying or after twenty-four to forty-eight hours, a period that falls short of the recommended intervals for reentry after the use of certain pesticides registered for use in Egypt. Article 124 of the Egypt Labor Act No. 91 of 1959 stipulates that no child under 12 years of age may be employed under any circumstances and sets the minimum age at 15 years for some hazardous industries. Labor Law 137 of 1981 states that children between the ages of 12 and 15 are allowed to work 6 hours a day, but not after 7:00 p.m. Decrees No. 12 and 13 issued by the Ministry of Manpower and Vocational Training in 1982 specify various hazardous jobs and industries where the employment of children under 15, in a few cases, and 17, in other cases, are prohibited. (Child Labor in Export Industries) The government is currently considering revisions to its labor code. Where the draft legislation being discussed would raise the minimum age for work to 14 years and would establish a number of conditions and protections for working children between the ages of 14 and 17. In the formal sector, particularly in the state-owned factories where most of export production is concentrated, local trade unions report that Egypt’s labor laws were well enforced. By contrast, there appears to be little effort by the government to oversee conditions in the informal sector. Small factories and workshops are occasionally subject to labor inspections although working conditions for children, as well as adults, often remain in violation of labor laws.The Ministry of Manpower noted that its 2,000 labor inspectors cited 72,000 violations stemming from 500,000 site visits in 1993.On the other hand, independent studies and interviews indicate that many employers view the inspectors as ineffective, at best. The most recent effort to address child labor in Egypt was the 1994 child labor workshops for government labor inspectors, jointly sponsored by the ILO International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) and the Egyptian Ministry of Manpower and Training. UNICEF also has an active program which conducts and sponsors research on child labor. Interviews with several trade unions, the Egyptian Trade Union Federation and the Arab Labor Organization revealed little activity regarding child labor. The unions are active in the formal sector of the economy where they say child labor does not exist. Egyptian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) focus primarily on research and action to ameliorate the worst aspects of child labor. For example, groups conduct training sessions to teach children a marketable skill in non-hazardous industries, such as sewing. They operate health clinics and literacy programs as well as child care centers for working mothers. Campaigns are underway to raise public awareness of the detrimental effects of child labor. Still other NGOs work to promote government enforcement of existing child labor laws, particularly prohibitions against children working excessive hours, at night, or in hazardous industries. Government should pay monthly salaries to the families who live beyond the poverty lines and others who are incapable to work, to help them bare with their children’s education fees and replace the salary that children used to take. They should know that in case of making their children also work besides the salary the already take, they will not be able to have the monthly salary. Also medical services should be available in cheap prices to cure the effects of labour on children before they go to school to benefit education to the most and also be able to deal with new people from higher or lower levels and how to not get affected by lower ones and get forward to try to be like higher levels. “When the lives and the rights of children are at stake, there must be no silent witnesses.”- Carol Bellamy. Child labour inspectors should be hired by the government to trace any child labour and report labourers who deserve to be prosecuted like any other criminal. Summing up, child labour is an unacceptable and an inhumanly issue that we should deal with it with much care, it always pushes people to think about the causes of poverty, lack of education, families strictly unbearable lust for wealth; and the consequences from creating a whole uneducated bullies of generations, of no use for our community but it also perpetuates poverty and affects national economies through losses in competitiveness, productivity and potential income. Withdrawing children from child labour, providing them with education and assisting their families with training and employment opportunities contribute directly to creating decent work for adults and put them as Egyptians on the top of the world where it can be considered as an essential step to grab the world’s attention to our efforts in order to be a well developed country, Egypt will no more be a third world country. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labor http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Child_labor Bellamy, Carol, (1995-2004) Executive Director of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (Child Labor in Export Industries) retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/sweat/egypt.htm (Convention on the Rights of the Child)Retrieved (29thDecember 2009) from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm) (Mubarak, Susan (5/5/2002) The first Global Report on Child Labor (A future without child labour) retrieved (3rdJanuary 2010) from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour). Osman, Nevine (Dec 4, 2006) Egyptian children trade childhood for money retrieved from (http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSP22649220061204)

english assign

english assign.

Read and TttT Paulo Freire’s “The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education “As you read this excerpt, identify three important ideas, one challenging passage, one golden line, and 5 important (or unfamiliar) words.Important ideas are pieces of information you believe are vital to the author’s message. In the margin, write any thoughts, connections, predictions, or questions. Challenging passages are instances in the text where you got confused. In the margin, write down what about the passage confused you–was it the language used, the sentence structure, an unfamiliar reference, etc?A golden line is the MOST important sentence for you in the text. In the margin, write why you think the sentence (or two) you identified is important. Important words are words you think are important to the author’s message. Identify 5 and jot down a definition in the margin. Alternatively, you can identify unfamiliar words that you have not seen before or maybe you just forgot the definition. Once you have identified these FOUR pieces, you will take a picture of them in your article and upload them here. To get full credit, you need pictures of 3 important ideas, 1 challenging passage, 1 golden line, and 5 important or unfamiliar words.
english assign