NYU Wk3 Health Communication Program Research Paper

Noble Cause Corruption and Virtue Ethics Research Paper

Table of Contents Introduction Is it Ethical? Why is it Unethical? Alternative Theories Conclusion References Introduction Noble cause corruption is a major issue for the modern police force. Actions that were seen as unacceptable by the public a few years ago have become so common that they are not seen as issues by the police. The excessive use of force, racial profiling, and speeding outside of emergency situations can be extremely dangerous for the law-abiding citizens of the United States. This type of behavior has always been present among officers, but recently it has become much more public due to camera phones, and police cameras placed in their cars. These actions are often taken to remove potential criminals from the streets either before they commit a serious crime or to jail a suspected criminal without clear evidence against them. This paper will examine this situation through the lens of virtue ethics, as well as other ethical theories. Is it Ethical? Virtue ethics theory is one of the oldest ethics theories that are still used today. How does this ancient set of beliefs apply to a relatively modern issue of noble cause corruption? The answer lies in the purpose and the implied public image of the police. Despite the cynical approach of some police precincts, the police are not just a business. The role of the policeman is to uphold the law dictated by the government and the constitution of the country. This implies that a police officer should follow the law by the book or else their role will be compromised. An exemplary policeman or policewoman holds a set of ironclad principles and virtues that not only help to keep citizens safe but also provide an example for them of how to live an honest life. When an officer disregards the law, they lose a great deal of respect of the populace, and rightfully so. Going by this theory of ethics, the actions performed by the officers in these cases are not ethical. Why is it Unethical? Noble cause corruption leads officers to undermine their principles in order to achieve results that they believe to be right. These actions can include writing false information in police reports, planting evidence, the excessive use of force, and actions that are taken against people for petty reasons like belligerence and racial prejudice on the part of the officer (Martinelli, 2006). These actions go against three of the 11 moral virtues that were identified by Aristotle in the Nicomachean Ethics (2017). The virtues that officers are not upholding are magnanimity, truthfulness, and friendliness. They lack magnanimity due to some of these actions being done out of petty reasons, and with vindictive goals. An officer should not bend the definition of law just to make the life of a person who they do not like worse. Cases when officers use physical force to apprehend or even just intimidate people that present no danger to them are shockingly common. Excessive force is often applied to women for no other reason than the “attitude” they expressed to the officer (Francis, 2016). Sometimes this type of corruption can put citizens in direct danger. When police cars speed without an emergency, they put other people at risk, often for seemingly petty or arrogant reasons (CBS News, 2016). The second virtue that is being disregarded by these actions is truthfulness. When an officer files false information in the report, they are lying. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More A person willing to lie while performing their duty undermines the inherent trust in the police forces that people have. Even if these actions are justified in their heads, it taints all the honest work they have done in the past. The last virtue that is not upheld by these officers is friendliness. There is no reason to insult people while they are being searched during a routine check, especially when they are likely to be an innocent citizen. However, there is an alarming number of reports of verbal and physical abuse by the police officers during frisking. While the practice itself is controversial, the way it is performed only makes it a larger problem. A reasonable approach could go a long way to establishing a positive attitude toward police in these cases. By trying to justify these actions as acceptable realities of preemptive policing, the police force is inviting harsh criticism from the public that negates all the positive results that were achieved. Also, these actions are likely to lead to lawsuits towards the precinct, only lowering people’s opinion of the police (Associated Press, 2016). Alternative Theories Noble cause corruption is often described as a utilitarian approach to policing. Its advocates preach that bad things can be done for the greater good of everyone. However, this is a very short-term view of the issue. The consequences of these actions do not stop after a criminal is jailed by planting false evidence on the scene of the crime or filing a false report. The consequences of these actions are much more far-reaching. There are multiple cases where this type of action can lead to negative results. After such an arrest, it is likely that the court would find the alleged criminal innocent based on the false evidence presented. If this is not the case in this instance, it could be in the next one. When the truth becomes public, all previous successes will lose all meaning, and the police force as a whole will only lose trust and respect of the public. Therefore, noble cause corruption could be seen as unethical even in the utilitarianism theory of ethics. Deontological theory of ethics would see these actions as unethical by their nature because they break the police code of conduct, as well as social and ethical code. It is the duty of a police officer to uphold the law, but all of these actions only serve to break the law to achieve results. These actions taint the results, making them unethical in the lens of the deontological theory. The authoritative status that police officers have gives them an obligation to be truthful and follow the rules that they are trying to uphold. Conclusion It is unfortunate that despite the constant surveillance, modern police refuses to perform their duty in a legal and ethical manner. The divide between ordinary citizens and police has become dangerously deep, which only makes every case of noble cause corruption worse for everyone involved. When the police do not deserve the respect of the people, it is not unreasonable that people might choose to break the law. While some theories could be used to justify these actions, it is unlikely that these justifications examine all the possible outcomes. References Aristotle. (2017). Nicomachean ethics. Raleigh, NC: Lulu. We will write a custom Research Paper on Noble Cause Corruption and Virtue Ethics specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Associated Press. (2016). Police misconduct complaints have cost DC $31M since 2005. The Washington Times. Web. CBS News. (2016). Video shows white cop in violent confrontation with black motorist. CBS News. Web. Francis, E. (2016). DC Police officer appears to hold woman off the ground, pinned to patrol car. ABC News. Web. Martinelli, T. (2006). Unconstitutional policing: The ethical challenges in dealing with noble cause corruption. Police Chief, 73(10), 148-156.

University of South Florida Ch 1 to 6 Interpersonal Communication Essay

programming assignment help University of South Florida Ch 1 to 6 Interpersonal Communication Essay.

Basically i am a communication major and the book (Wood, J. T. (2020). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters [eBook
edition]. Boston, MA: Cengage.) has 12 chapters. All that this assignment requires is my professor told me to submit a 1-2 page summary of the chapter. In your own words, summarize the main points of the chapter and explain at least one main concept discussed by the author. It will not take long and I am good if i can get it back a day or two from today as 9th is the deadline and if i cannot pass the class I will have to move away and be on probation. Writing 1 page for 1 chapter is totally fine by me as long as the things he wanted is there. I am good even if someone can help me out with 6 of the Chapters instead of all 12 if thats a problem. I’m good with 6 Chapters.
University of South Florida Ch 1 to 6 Interpersonal Communication Essay

Citrus College The Social Contract & Discourses Rousseau Reflection Essay

Citrus College The Social Contract & Discourses Rousseau Reflection Essay.

All reflections must be typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font, 12 font size, and 1-inch margin on all sides. There should be a title for the write-up. The write-up must beat least one full page. Components of the write-up:1) A brief summary of what you read2) 3 questions you thought of as you were reading3) One aspect of the reading where you disagreed with the philosopher and what you think would be the better solution/interpretationYou can find the book on https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7370/7370-h/7370-h…
Citrus College The Social Contract & Discourses Rousseau Reflection Essay

1,000 Word Climate Change Essay

Climate change in the world can be caused by various activities. When climate change occurs; temperatures can increase a dramatically. When temperature rises, many different changes can occur on Earth. For example, it can result in more floods, droughts, or intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves. Oceans and glaciers have also experienced some changes: oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, glaciers are melting, and sea levels are rising. As these changes frequently occur in future decades, they will likely present challenges to our society and environment. During the past century, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Most of the gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket around the Earth, trapping energy in the atmosphere and causing it to warm. This is called the greenhouse effect and it is natural and necessary to support life on earth. However, while greenhouse gases buildup, the climate changes and result in dangerous effects to human health and ecosystems. People have adapted to the stable climate we have enjoyed since the last ice age which ended several thousand years ago. A warmer climate can bring changes that can affect our water supplies, agriculture, power and transportation systems, the natural environment, and even our own health and safety. There are some climate changes that are unavoidable and nothing can be done about it. For example, carbon dioxide can stay in the atmosphere for nearly a century, so Earth will continue to warm in the future. Global warming has really taken effect in the world over the last century. It is the unusually rapid increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. Global warming is due to the enhancing greenhouse gases emission and build-up in the Earth’s environment. The gases that have an influence on the atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen-oxide, and methane. Almost 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. In the other 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere is beneficial for life on Earth. Today, the atmosphere contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, we are making Earth’s atmosphere a more efficient greenhouse. Climate has cooled and warmed throughout the Earth history for various reasons. Rapid warming like we see today is unusual in the history of our planet. Some of the factors that have an effect on climate, like volcanic eruptions and changes in the amount of solar energy, are natural. Climate can change if there is a change in the amount of solar energy that gets to the Earth. Volcano eruptions can really affect climate, because when it erupts it spews out more than just lava and ash. Volcanoes release tiny particles made of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. These particles get into the stratosphere and reflect solar radiation back out to space. Snow and ice also have a great effect on climate. When snow and ice melts Earth’s climate warms, less energy is reflected and this causes even more warming. There are many different ways that plants, animals, and other life on our planet can affect climate. Some can produce greenhouse gases that trap heat and aid global warming through the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by plants as they make their food by photosynthesis. During the night, plants release some carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Methane is made while farm animals, such as cattle and sheep digest their food. Cars and trucks can effect climate by releasing carbon dioxide when fossil fuels are burned to power them. When wildfires occur, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. However, if a forest of similar size grows again, about the same amount of carbon that was added to the atmosphere during the fire will be removed. Some effects that scientists have predicted in the past would result when global change was occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise, and more intense heat waves. Scientists have confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that the extent climate change effects on individual regions will vary over time and with ability of different societal and environmental systems mitigate or adapt to change (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). This has been the warmest decade since 1880. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010 and 2005 has been the warmest years on record. The earth could warm by an additional 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit during the 21st century if we fail to reduce emissions from burning fossil fuels (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The rising of temperature will have great effects on the earth’s climate patterns and on all living things. Industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in the last 150 years (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). In conclusion, we need to take part and try to stop global warming and other effects on climate change. If the earth’s temperatures continue to rise in the future, living things on earth would become extinct due to the high temperatures. If humans contribute to control global warming, this world would be cooler and the high temperatures we currently have would decrease. If everybody as one take stand and try to end most of the climate changes that are occurring, this world would be a safer place to live on.