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Laws Of Judaism And Christianity On Marriage Religion Essay

It is well know that Christianity is originated from Judaism so Christianity and Judaism share a great portion of historical root. The sacred text of Judaism is also included in the sacred text of Christianity. It is therefore that a great similarity on religious teaching and rules exist between those two great religions. However, lots of teaching and religious rules from Judaism were denied or expended by Jesus and following Christian apostles later on, leading to a significant gap between those two religions. The teaching or rules on marriage is one of these issues. This essay takes insight into teaching and rules on marriage both from Christianity and Judaism. A comparison and contrast are carried out and any reason behind the difference and similarities would be pointed out in this essay as well. The story narrated in the first chapter of Genesis which is included both in sacred text of Christianity and Judaism is possibly the best blueprint to illustrate the center concept on marriage for both Christianity and Judaism. The essay is expended from this story as well. The story is described like this :God had a rest on the seventh day after working for six days to create the cosmos. At the climax of creation, God was not satisfied with his creation so he continued to create a man named Adam from clay. Adam was placed in a Garden called Eden as a cultivator and keeper. However not long after that God did not want to Adam lived in the garden alone and he said that “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him”. God took out one bone from Adam’s body and closed up the place with fresh thus he created a woman named Eva. God brought the woman to Adam. Once Adam saw the woman he was very joyful and said that ” this is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh”. Following that Genesis wrote that ” That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh.” However the lovely story did not have a good ending. Not long after that the couple were living in happily in the garden, Eva was tempted by a serpent to eat the fruit of knowledge tree with Adam, which was forbidden by God. Both of them were expelled from the joyful garden by God later. The story here is closely studied as a teaching or an example of marriage both in Christianity and Judaism. Eva was created because God don’t want Adam to be alone. The creation of Eva is a kind of a symbol of the creation of marriage in the interpretation of the story. Furthermore in bible marriage is also used to describe the relationship between the God and Israel by Judaism while in Christianity it is symbolize the relationship between Christ and Church. It is therefore that marriage is regarded as a divine institution instead of a human institution devised in the human history. This essay illustrates the how does this story influence the concept of Christian and Judaism on marriage in several perspectives, like , celibacy, monogamy or polygamy, sex, women role in marriage, divorce and remarriage, Intermarriage. Celibacy Since it is said that God thought that “It is not good for the man to be alone”, celibacy is not recommended both in the two religions. God would like man and woman live together as a physical and spiritual mate with each other. In Judaism, marriage and raising children are understood as strongly holy obligations. Traditionally, it was impossible for a unmarried male to be in leadership position in the Jewish society. Historically there was only one prophet Jeremiah, who did not marry in Bible, that’s because that he lived in prescribed periods of sexual abstinence in relation with rituals, sacrifices and the prosecution of holy wars. However there were rather a few exceptional examples, according to the historian Josephus, some members of the Essence sect, rejected marriage, and the medieval Talmudic scholar Ben Azzai remained celibate. Compared to Judaism, Christianity though highly approve the necessity of marriage, do not give as much weightiness as Judaism do. That is because that Christian believe that people do not marry each other in the coming kingdom. In addition ,the examples of that some Jesus’ followers who gave up their family in order to proclaim the coming kingdom are used as demonstrations for the validity of celibacy in purpose of completely devotion to preach the coming kingdom. In addition it was believed by Paul that a devoted life of celibacy is helpful for a deeper commitment to spirituality. However, since adultery is strong opposed and marriage is regarded as a effective way to prevent adultery, marriage was still recommended in some degree in the New Testament. The attitude toward Celibacy vary a lot among different church groups. Currently general speaking , Protestant is the church group which most strongly support marriage as a correct and normal way of Christian living while Catholic still now command clerical celibacy. Monogamy or Polygamy Since God created only one woman for Adam, pointing to monogamy, most of Jewish rabbis claimed that monogamy is ideal for Jews today though polygamy is permitted as well. It is also because that the relationship between a man and his wife is also used to illustrate the love between God and Israel by Hebrew prophets, for this metaphor, monogamy is ideal. Actually monogamy has became the Jewish married custom since the return from the Babylonian exile. In addition, Monogamy is assumed in the description of restoration of human race in the flood period of time. While monogamy is the dominance, polygamy was also practiced in Jewish community in history like King David who had two wives and Solomon who had 700 wives. However the two examples of polygamy have been normally regarded as negative examples by most of Jews. The polygamy case of Solomon led to his idolatry and finally destruction of the whole Israel. There are still some polygamy examples today, such as Mediterranean Jews living in Yemen, rabbis permitting Jews to marry up to four wives. In modern Israel, where a wife cannot bear children or is mentally ill, the rabbis give a husband the right to marry a second woman without divorcing his first wife. Generally speaking, like Judaism, Christianity has the same understanding on the Eden story in terms of monogamy. It is common believe that monogamy is further strengthen in many places in the sacred text of Christianity “new testament” by Jesus and Paul. Polygamy is regarded as a kind of idolatry in most of churches. To be noticed, the practice of serial monogamy is also rejected as immoral by traditional teaching in Christianity because it contradicts the biblical purpose of marriage which is to develop a lifelong “one flesh” relationship. While monogamy has been accepted by most of churches groups, there has been a few churches like some groups of Mormon practice polygamy in several periods of time in the history and even today. The reason why Mormon practice polygamy is that they believe Jesus told his followers to multiply and replenish the Earth. Sex in marriage Sex is not described in the story that’s because sex desire is regarded as a evil impulse after human was expelled from the Eden garden in Judaism. However it is not said that Jews disregard sexual desire. Sexual desire is believed as a human instinct like hunger and thirst. In Judaism sex is not only for physical pleasure but also has a remarkable holy significance and is practiced as a way to reinforce the loving relationship between a husband and a wife. The requirement of marriage before sex ensures that sense of commitment and responsibility. It is therefore that sex is only permissible inside the context of a marriage. In Jewish marriage, Sex is regarded as a right of a wife not a husband. A husband has a duty to have sex with his wife if she has sexual desire but cannot compel to do so if she doesn’t want to. A wife though have a right to have sex, cannot use sex as a weapon to punish her spousal. Compared to Judaism, Christianity views sex not as important as Judaism does. Paul of Tarsus thought sex was totally unnecessary thing and Jesus’ coming kingdom has no interest in that. Furthermore, sexual desire is regarded as a physical enjoyment as a result of human’s fall so it should be restrained in order to achieve God’s desire. Any sexual activities unless in purpose of giving offspring is regarded as a negative thing coming from human’s fallen flesh. For some periods in history, Christian couples only have sex for the purpose of giving offspring and the couples lived apart in the other time. However since adultery is strong opposed by Jesus and Paul in the New Testament. In order to prevent having sex with unmarried people, Paul supported sex within marriage as a mean to resist the sexual temptation. Due to the different interpretation of verse, Sex within marriage is practiced quite differently by Christian from different church groups. Generally speaking, Christian Churches hold a conservative attitude towards Sex and sex is not discussed publicly in the churches, mostly is personal experience. Women role in marriage In the story, Adam was created from earth and the Eve was created from Adam. In addition, the woman was created to be a helper and companion for the man. This story reflects woman marital status in Jewish marriage. A wife is often regarded not only as a helper who is given to her husband by God to fulfill her husband’s wishes but also a soul mate in the spiritual level. It is therefore that a wife is highly valued in marriage in Judaism. A husband was taught by Judaism law to love his wife as much as love himself. A husband is also encouraged to discuss worldly matter which might raise in his life. Traditionally a wife in Jewish family has many rights, for example sex is regarded as a right of woman not man. Jewish woman also can have her own asset in her family. In addition, without consent of his wife, a husband cannot divorce his wife. However there are some obligations of woman are listed in Judaism law. A married woman should be modest and is required not to leave home too frequently. The descriptions of the bible suggest that a wife was expected to perform certain household tasks: spinning, sewing, weaving, manufacture of clothing, fetching of water, baking of bread, and animal husbandry. The martial role of women is quite controversial in Christianity. While some believe that women should live under men leadership, others advocate the equality between men and women in marriage. For those holding the first opinion, they claim that woman is created from man and acted as an assistant and governed by man originally in the Eden garden. They think that the leader status of men in marriage is further affirmed by New Testament. Paul said that “For the husband is the head of the wife, as Christ also is the head of the church” (Ephesians 5:23). It is therefore that the authority of husband in marriage is unshakable. However egalitarian argue that equity between men and women were mentioned in the New Testament, like “there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ” (Galatians 3:27). This verse implies that Christian marriage, both husband and wife enjoy equal status and privilege before God because of their position in Christ. Furthermore like Judaism, New Testament asked husbands to love their wives as loving themselves in many times, implying the equality between two genders. The first opinion is mostly adopted by traditional man dominant societies like Asia and Africa. The second opinion is widely accepted by western culture societies. Divorce “One flesh” from the story indicates that God wanted the couples lived with each other permanently. Couples who have been married for many years start to think, act, and feel as one; they become one in mind, heart and spirit. Divorce thus leaves not two persons, but two fractions of one. It is therefore that divorce is a tragedy both for Christianity and Judaism. However Judaism do approve divorce, in some conditions even encourage so. Historically divorce is only the right of men under some circumstances like: if the marriage was childless after ten years; if the husband refused to have sex with his wife; if the husband beat his wife; or if the husband contracted a “loathsome” disease. The prerogative was changed by rabbinical law round the year 1000 CE that a husband could not divorce his wife without her consent. Nowadays a husband and wife who are seeking divorce should be interviewed in a rabbinical law in order to guarantee that the divorce is an agreement between the two parties. Financial and offspring matters would be discussed in the court as well, normally the vulnerability of woman would be considered. If the divorce is granted, a get (divorce decree) is drawn up in hand-lettered Hebrew. Remarriage is regarded as the same with the first marriage as long as the divorced person obtain a get in Rabbinical Court when he got divorce. Traditional Christian views on marriage disapproves divorce. Divorce is even regarded as a kind of adultery. This can be affirmed by Matthew 5:32. Jesus teaches about divorce:”But I say that a man who divorces his wife, unless she has been unfaithful, causes her to commit adultery. And anyone who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.” The permanence of marriage is emphasized by Jesus here. However divorce is practiced among Christian nowadays and the attitudes towards divorce vary among different church groups. The Catholic Church prohibits divorce. The Catholic doctrine claimed that a couples even divorce civilly but they are still one in front of God. The Eastern Orthodox Church permits divorce and remarriage in church in certain circumstances, though its rules are generally more restrictive that the civil divorce rules of most countries. Most Protestant churches though do not prohibit divorce through church doctrine, discourage divorce except as a last solution. Interfaith marriage Intermarriage is disfavor by Torah and Jewish rabbis out of fear of idolatry and Jewish assimilation historically. In Bible it records that Jews were forbidden to marry Canaanites in the fear of children might be brought up to follow Canaanites religion. Historically marriage between Jews and non-Jews were extremely rare until recent 19 century under the influence of Jewish enlightenments. Nowadays this issue of intermarriage is quite controversial among Jewish society. While growing number of intermarriage are approved by reformists as long as the intermarried couples are agree to their raise their children as Jews, Orthodox rabbis still believe that intermarriage is kind of rejection of Judaism leading to be cut off from Jewish community. Generally speaking, due to recent reformation and liberty movement, intermarriage is treated much more tolerably than before in Jewish community. There was a survey shows that an intermarriage rate of 52 percent among American Jews. Compared with Judaism, Christianity has much more tolerable attitude towards interfaith marriage. However worry over that religious conflict in intermarriage is still exist in Christianity. Furthermore the sacramental essence of marriage is believed to be retained better by Christian couples in some churches. It is therefore that some churches disapprove intermarriage like Orthodox and Catholics churches. In Protestant churches inter faith marriage is not totally forbidden but Christians are encourage to marry people who has the same faith. As a result, most Protestant denominations will allow interfaith marriage. In conclusion Eden story is seen as a model of marriage, which guides and supports the view of believers from the religions on Marriage. While celibacy is disfavored by Judaism, it is regarded as a gift from God but not strongly recommended in Christianity. Although monogamy has been dominant marriage custom in the two religions, polygamy has been practiced minority even today. Compared to Christianity, Judaism has more opened attitude toward sex within marriage. Women had higher status in Judaism marriage than Christianity marriage historically, but nowadays equality between two parties is accepted commonly. Divorce is seen as a tragedy for the two religions. While divorce and remarry is allowable literally in Judaism, it is forbidden in many Christian churches out fear of adultery. Christianity has more tolerable attitude on interfaith marriage than Judaism. Marriage is very important to both of the religions. Although the two religions share a great portion of similarity, the difference of views on marriage is still significant. To be noticed, different groups holds different views on marriage within the same religion.

Depressed Female Characters from Their Intimidated Surrounding Literary Review

assignment writing services Depressed Female Characters from Their Intimidated Surrounding Literary Review.

Part 1I will post exact instructions later. However, I am planning to give you a mini-assignment (that is much like your last essay) for extra credit. I haven’t fleshed it out yet, but you will use this (Links to an external site.) article from the Wall Street Journal and write a mini precis. It will serve as a prelude to your last essay, a supplement to the poetry unit, and an opportunity for you to earn 50 extra essay points. That could be a huge boost in your overall grade.Let me read the article a few more times and figure out what I want you to do and I’ll post instructions before the end of Unit 3.. . . . .Using the instructions given for your final essay, write a 1 page (properly formatted) precis of the article linked above. This assignment is due before your final precis and will serve as an instructional tool to help me guide you toward doing the assignment more precisely. For this reason, there will be NO extensions.Remember to keep all of the information in third person (i.e. you did not write the Hamilton article, don’t phrase it as if you did).Part 2Literary Review Précis AssignmentWhat is a précis?: A précis is a summary or abstract of what you have read. In writing a précis,your own words are used to state the main thesis and describe important details of the reading as well as the rhetorical position of and the appeals used by the original author. The most important thing to remember in writing a precis is to put the information in the context of the original author’s composition. That is to say, you should never repeat the author’s points as if they were your own.A well-written précis communicates clearly the essence of the content and tone of the originalwork in fewer words, and does not include your opinions about the speech until the conclusion, at which point you will add your scholarly reflection on the piece you have reviewed.Writing Task:You will read one of the four assigned articles multiple times and write a précis that conveys the main points that the speaker makes and how she/he makes them. The précis should demonstrate your reading comprehension and ability to write and report clearly and succinctly about another person’s writing or speech.In addition to the group example we built in class, the “Guided Précis Writing” below outlines reading and writing strategies that help in your writing a successful précis.The final précis should: Introduce the article fully—the who, what, where, and when—for which you are writing theprécis. Tell your reader who published the article when and where. Include the main thesis and key ideas, leaving out minor details. Follow the logical order and development of the ideas in the speech. Be written in your own words as much as possible. However, you should always give the original author credit for their work. Yes, there will be a lot of citations. Be clear and concise. Be free of your overt opinions (until the conclusion), as well as any spelling, syntax and punctuation errors. Implied opinions are a matter of style. Follow the style guidelines established for this course. In short, use MLA formatting.Guided Précis Writing:1. Read the whole article and get an overall sense of its main theme and general tone.2. Read the speech a second time for full comprehension by:a. Looking up in the dictionary any words that are unclear to you;b. Underlining important facts and key ideas; andc. Taking notes on each main point in the margins3. Write in your own words the main thesis of the speech, then summarize the speechwithout adding your opinions or comments.4. Add your conclusion which addresses the scholarly merits or shortcomings of the article.5. Read the summary and revise it to accurately, visit the Writing Center as necessary.
Depressed Female Characters from Their Intimidated Surrounding Literary Review

Project Lab

Project Lab.

1. Make all revisions as suggested when I reviewed your previous lab submission. Do not re-submit your file with the same mistakes as this will affect your score. (See comment)2. Set the start date of your project to coincide with the start date of the class and switch all your project activities to Auto Schedule (1point).3. Estimate and enter durations for all your project activities. As you are estimating activity duration, keep in mind the skill level required to perform the task and resource availability. (2points)4. Add task notes to at least 2 of your project activities to document your estimating techniques. For example, did you use PERT estimate, learning curve, expert judgment, or historical data? Why? (Hint: you can enter and review task notes on the Notes tab in the Task Information dialog box). (4points).5. Add at least 3 milestones to your project wherever you feel they are most appropriate. (Hint: a milestone is an activity with zero cost and zero duration used in the schedule to indicate significant events reached within the plan or imposed on the plan – e.g., phase 3 complete or Permit received. (4points).6. Add task relationships to all of your project activities and milestones. If you did not add milestones to your schedule, it is now time to do so. Do not link summary task or work packages – only activities and milestones. However, if a work package has not been decomposed into activities, then it should have a predecessor and a successor. Make sure that all activities have a predecessor, except the first one; and make sure that all activities have a successor, except the last one. (2 points)7. Add a start-to-start relationship between any 2 pairs of project activities that you think should be planned with a start-to-start relationship (e.g., activities 6 and 7; and activities 15 and 16). Add a Task note to explain why you believe these activities should be done in parallel instead of in sequence. Add a finish-to-finish relationship to two project activities. Add a Task note to explain why you believe these activities should be planned this way. (1point)8. Add lead time to at least one task relationship. (Hint: in MS Project, a lead time is entered as a negative lag). (1point).9. Add lag time to at least one task relationship. (1point)10. Add a constraint to one activity – for any task that has been constrained, add a comment to explain why it is constrained. (1point)11. Add a deadline reminder to at least one task or milestone. (1point)12. Display the critical path of your project schedule and make sure that some of your activities have slack time – that is, not all your activities are in the critical path. (1points)13. Display your project in a Network Diagram view and save it so that it automatically opens in that view (1point)
Project Lab

Social Work Self-Evaluation Example

Social Work Self-Evaluation Example. The case was referred to the school social worker by the F.1 class teacher and the teacher reported to the worker that she had noticed her student named Judy had avoided joining group activities and she was feared about bulling and she would cry suddenly in the class sometimes. After exploration, the following presenting problems are observed: Constantly bullied by classmates Avoid joining group activities Fear about bullying and cry suddenly in the class Aim of the assessment The aim of the assessment is: – To gather the basic information of the client about personal, family, school and social network – To study the underlying factors contributing to the presenting problems and – To find out the facts those trigger the problems so that an intervention plan could be set up to help the client. Brief Social History The worker had conducted four personal interviews and based on the interview sessions conducted with the client, the following information is gathered. Genogram/family background and relationship The parents of Judy were divorced since she was in primary school and thus she was brought up in a single parent family. Judy’s father lives in Mainland China and he does not contact with the family. The three family members: Madam Wong, Andy and Judy live together. The mother: Madam Wong, 44 years old, works as a cleaner and she is the only bread winner of the family. Andy Cheung: elder brother of Judy is 15 years old attending F.2 at a different school from Judy. Emotional condition The client was observed to be upset with the situation she is being bullied. Moreover, she did not want to disclose much about her problems and she was not convinced that others could understand and help her. She also felt that she is not as capable as her brother in doing not very well with her school lessons. Living condition The client lives together with her mother and elder brother at a public housing flat. Financial condition The mother, Madam Wong is the main bread winner of the family and the monthly income was unobserved. History of violence/abuse There is not serious case of violence according to the worker’s observation. However, the worker had studied that the client had been constantly bullied by her classmates at school. She was hit and her belongings were destroyed sometimes. Supportive network The client had some friends at the previous school she attended but she does not have any friends at the current school. The client told the worker that although she reported to the teacher about the issue, those who bullied her did not stop bullying and she does not think it is a good idea to report the teacher. Moreover, she does not want to tell her mother about her problems and feelings since she does not want to bother her. It seems that the mother alone would be her supportive network since she mentioned during the interview that her mother would listen to her if she discloses her feelings. Coping strengths The worker assessed that she does not know how to cope with the problem except crying and according to the client, reporting to the teacher did not work. Case conceptualization Core issues referred by the school teacher a) Avoid joining group activities in the class b) Cry suddenly in the class sometimes c) Constantly bullied, belongings are destroyed and hit by classmates Worker’s perception of the core issues The worker identified based on the personal interviews conducted that a) The client lacks self confidence and self esteem Since she stated that she was not doing well at school and she is not as clever as her brother. b) The belief of the client that there is nobody who cares and understand her The client mentioned that talking with other people (eg. Teacher and family) would help and they would not listen to her nor understand her. According to cognitive theorists, most social and behavioral dysfunction is derived from misconceptions that people hold about themselves, other people and situations (Hepworth, 2006). In this case, the self-defeating belief of the client that she is not as capable as others and that there is no one who can help/understand her had led her to emotional and behavioral consequences that block her to be a confident and capable girl. Analysis of the problem The worker analyses the case by applying the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), using the ABC model which was created by Albert Allis (Corey, 2005). A (activating event) B (belief) C (emotional and behavioral consequences) D (disputing intervention) E (effect) F (new feelings) In this case, the worker conceptualized that the irrational beliefs of the client that she is bullied and maltreated because there is no one who understands her and that she is incapable triggered her to be depressed and to be away from the social environment at school. The worker strongly believes that once the client can detect what her irrational beliefs are, the client could be helped with the disputing interventions to debate her dysfunctional beliefs by herself to solve the problem and to be a confident girl. Strengths and opportunities The worker had identified the following strengths and opportunities of the client during the interview sessions: Strengths: – Good friends (social life) at primary school. This implies that she does not lack socialization skills – Helping her mother with household chores. It means she is a considerate daughter and she has a strong affection to her mother. Opportunities: – The class teacher is concerned about the problem. She is also willing to help the client with the problem. – Her mother would listen to her if she discloses her problems and feelings to her. Intervention plan The goal of the intervention plan is to help the client: a) To identify the irrational belief b) To debate then discriminate these irrational beliefs by herself c) To help the client to build self confidence and self esteem d) To help the client socialize and participate in school activities Immediate plan – Ask the client to do assignment so that she can identify and cope with her irrational beliefs – Assignment such as “Feeling List” would be given so as to make the client aware of her own emotional condition and the progress (SheaforSocial Work Self-Evaluation Example