Introduction Mummification is a sophisticated process of preserving dead bodies of animals and human beings. The ritual has been embraced in Egypt since time immemorial (Bogg par. 5). Evidently, Egyptians have always believed in life after death. As a result, they preserve dead bodies to ensure that they are sanctified and fully prepared for eternity. Research done indicates that Egyptians have for a long time believed that if a dead body is not preserved, the soul might not get back to the body as expected. Furthermore, this process is perceived to be of great significance in Egyptian culture bearing in mind that it has been practiced right from ancient times (Booth 7). How mummification is done The ritual practice passes through series of steps before is completed (Anon. par. 1). However, it is worth noting that it has evolved from a simple to more complex process with time. For instance, it may take up to 70 days to complete the entire process of mummification since it is done with extra caution to achieve the much needed perfection (Pilgrim par. 3). The initial stage entails cleaning of the body with adequate water. It is then anointed with oil for purposes of purification. Moreover, the embalmers dissect the abdomen to empty the stomach whereby several organs are removed. Some of the internal organs that are removed include the lungs and intestines while the heart is left behind. On the other hand, the brain is liquefied and emptied through nostrils (Writer873 par. 4). In line with this, embalmers desiccate the body by dehydrating it using salt. Finally, preservatives are poured into the body for the sake of preservation. What I have learnt from the research topic However, according to the research done, it is evident that the practice is no longer common among the modern Egyptian society (Monet par. 2). This is largely due to the fact that majority are not comfortable with mummification arguing that te dead preserved bodies are eventually eaten by wild beasts. Currently, Egyptians purchase coffins to burry dead bodies. Moreover, with the growth of Christianity, there is a general negative tendency towards the practice since it grossly contrasts Christian teachings and belief systems (Nicholson
A copyright is a law that protects the ideas and expressions of people from being stolen or used by other people. Copyrights are usually prepared for literary forms of works, photographic material, musical or song compositions, films or motion pictures and sound recordings. Copyright laws are designed to protect the expressed idea in the forms stated above and not the idea or piece of information itself (Australian Government, 2009). A copyright law is viewed to be in effect once any of the following two conditions are satisfied which are; creating an original piece of work and the use of the original piece of work in a tangible form such as a book or picture (Standler, 2009). The copyright laws were originally formulated in the United Kingdom after being derived from the common law known as the Statute of Anne 1709. The rights that were covered in the statute gave the authors or designers of literary or artistic works the right to control how the public used their material. The law also gave the creator of the work the right to be identified as the main designer or author of the copyright work. The author had the exclusive right to claim the original idea or expression used in creating the literary, artistic, or musical work (Copy right service, 2009). The types of works that are covered by the copyright law are literary works such as song lyrics, book manuscripts, computer programs and business/academic manuals and documents. Dramatic works covered by the copyright laws include works such as drama, plays or poems while musical works include song lyrics, music compositions and song recordings. Copyrights for artistic works include creating laws for works such as photographs, paintings, maps, architectural designs, sculptures and technical diagrams. Interpreting when to enforce a copyright will involve copyrighting the tangible medium of the idea instead of the idea or expression itself. To explain this statement, an idea for a book cannot be protected but the actual contents of the book are viable for copyright protection. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Another person might decide to write a book with a similar topic as long as they do not reproduce information contained in another book and pass it off as their own work (Davies, 2010). The author or designer of any copyright material has the exclusive right to make copies of their work or reproduce it when they feel the need to, they have the right to prepare derivative works such as adapting the material to suit a particular need, to distribute the reproduced work to the general public or the intended market by publishing the work, renting or leasing the copyrighted material or selling the material to the mentioned public or the target market. The author of the copyright also has the exclusive right to perform the work that comes with the copyright in a public manner as well as display the work in a public format (Standler, 2009). The duration of a copyright will be determined by the type of work to be copyrighted, the availability of the work to the public, and the status of the author or creator of the work. Literary and artistic works such as photographs, films and songs have a copyright duration of 70 years that is effected at the end of the calendar year. Sound recordings have a copyright duration of 50 years from the end of the calendar year when the work was originally created by the author or when the work was made available to the public. Copyright laws have restricted acts that are deemed to be punishable by the laws that govern the copyright (Davies, 2010). Restricted acts to copyrights include reproducing the original work of the author without their consent, leasing/renting, issuing, or lending the work to the public without the knowledge of the author and performing the copyrighted such as a song or musical composition without the consent of the owner. The acts that are allowed by the copyright laws include all aspects encompassed by fair dealing which describes the copyright acts that are allowed as long as they do not infringe on the author’s original work. We will write a custom Essay on Copyright Laws Definitions specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The permissible acts include conducting research activities using the copyright material, using information in the original work for educational purposes, incorporating copyright work for news reporting and criticism purposes, using the copyright for the purpose of statutory enquiries, parliamentary proceedings, and judicial cases and hearings. Other permissible acts include producing back up copies of the work for personal use which mostly applies in computer programming software and hardware programs. The act of playing a musical copyright work for a non profit making organization is also permissible (Copyright Service, 2009). Copyright laws were formulated to deal with cases of plagiarism or theft of ideas/information from text books, visual images or motion pictures and music recordings. Plagiarism is described as taking someone else’s original ideas and using the ideas to create a piece of work without providing a proper reference to the idea. Plagiarizing work that has a copyright is at times viewed to be a copyright infringement on the author’s original work but in some cases it is not an infringement if the author is dead and the material is older than 100 years. For example, any work created by William Shakespeare is used to develop literary material or dramatic and artistic works. This will not qualify as copyright infringement because Shakespeare’s works are too old but it would still be plagiarism if Shakespeare is not cited or referenced in the work (Plagiarism Checker, 2006). Copyright infringement occurs when the work of someone is used or reproduced without the consent of the author or designer of that original work. Students have the copyrights to their assignments as long as they have provided the original idea or information that was used to create the work. They are however liable for infringement if they do not give the proper credit to the source of information that is not originally theirs (Coopman
Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in AP. I’m studying and need help with a Social Science question to help me learn.
Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) pages in length; refer to the “Assignment Format” page for specific format requirements.
Compare and contrast the following populations using meaningful examples for each stage of development below. Please describe how they are developmentally similar and different:
Part A: The social and personality development of the infant versus the psychosocial, social, and moral development of the preschool child.
Part B: The physical, intellectual development of the preschool child, the physical, intellectual/cognitive development of middle childhood, and the physical and cognitive development of the adolescent.
When providing your response, use at least two (2) evidence-based research resources in the last three years that support recent scientific findings, citing at least two (2) specific examples of new discoveries in each of the areas above.
Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in AP
UV Of Sodium Aminosalicylate Biology Essay. Specific absorbance of the sodium aminosalicylate can be determined by using the Beer-Lambert law equation with the presence of the value of concentration of the sodium aminosalicylate and the absorbance values which can be obtained through UV spectrophotometry. The concentration of ‘Unknown’ solutions can also be determined by getting the absorbance values through the calibration graph, absolute method and comparative method. Introduction UV spectrophotometry is a technique which is based on measuring the absorption of near-UV or visible radiation by molecules. [1] It acts by where the electrons in the bonds within the molecule become excited to reach up to a higher quantum state and in the process to absorb some of the energy passing through the solution. The more loosely the electrons are been held within the bonds of the molecules, the longer will the wavelength of the radiation (lower the energy) been absorbed. [2] Radiation in this wavelength region causes the characteristics of the molecular structure of the molecule to be determined. [1] As there is a broad absorption bands due to different vibrational and rotational energy levels, UV spectrophotometry is used mainly for quantitative purposes rather than identification.[3] Spectrophotometer works by where the sample of the solution is inserted into the spectrometer for the UV/visible light to pass through the sample to get the value of absorbance/transmittance. The value of the absorbance indicates the amount of light being absorbed by the sample. The measurement of light absorption of molecules can be governed by Beer-Lambert law equation, A= e.c.l. With the presence of the absorbance value (A), concentration of the sample (c) and the pathlength of the cell (l), the molar absorptivitiy (e) can therefore be determined. Concentration of an unknown solution can also be determined by measuring its absorbance using the UV spectrophotometry at the selected wavelength. The determination of the concentration of the unknown can be determined by using three methods, which are by using the Beer-Lambert graph, comparative method and absolute method. In this experiment, sodium aminosalicylate will be used as the sample as it is a good absorber of ultraviolet light which allows it to be conveniently to be analysed using spectrophotometry. The purpose of this experiment is to find the specific absorbance of the sodium aminosalicylate solution by using different concentrations of it and also to determine the concentration of the unknown solutions by using calibration graph of Beer-Lambert, comparative method and absolute method. Experimental (a) Absorption Spectrum of Sodium Aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH The spectrum of a 1-cm layer of 0.001% solution of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH over the wavelength range 235 to 325nm was been scanned and examined. The wavelengths (λmax) and the absorbance values at these wavelengths of the two maxima was then been measured from the spectrum. Approximate specific absorbance [i.e. the absorbance of a 1-cm layer of a 1% solution, A(1%,1cm)] was then been calculated at each of these maxima using the Beer-Lambert equation ; A=A(1%,1cm).c.l Where A= Absorbance A(1%,1cm) = Specific absorbance of a 1 cm layer of a 1% solution c = Concentration (%) l = path length (cm) (b) Beer’s Law, Specific Absorbance and Molar Absorptivity 50mL volumes of 0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0006 and 0.008 % solutions of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH from the 0.0010 % stock solution had been prepared. One of the λmax from (a) had been selected and the wavelength was set to the selected value. The solvent (0.1M NaOH) was been placed in both cells and the absorbance reading of the single beam spectrophotometer was been set to zero. The absorbance was been checked a few nm each side of the selected wavelength using the 0.0010 % and been recorded. The new λmax from the table of absorbance values that had been recorded was been selected and the spectrophotometer was been set to that wavelength. The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of each of the five solutions of sodium aminosalicylate that had been prepared earlier were been recorded and replicate readings were been obtained. A graph of absorbance against concentration had been plotted and the specific absorbance had been determined using the gradient of the graph. The molar absorptivity of the sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH at the selected maximum was been calculated. (c) Determination of Concentrations (i) Calibration Graph The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of ‘Unknown 1’ was been determined. ‘Unknown 1’ was then been diluted so that its absorbance is in the mid range of the graph of absorbance against concentration. The graph was then been used to determine the concentration of the diluted solution and hence the concentration of ‘Unknown 1’ was been calculated. (ii) Absolute Method The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of ‘Unknown 2’ was been recorded. The concentration of ‘Unknown 2’ was been calculated using the A (1%.1cm) value which had been determined previously. (iii) Comparative Method The wavelength was set to the second λmax which had been determined in (a). The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of the 0.0010 % and a 1-cm layer of ‘Unknown 2’ was been recorded. The concentration of ‘Unknown 2’, C2, using the relationship below, = Results (a) Wavelength / nm Absorbance Reading 264 0.630 300 0.430 Wavelengths (λmax) = 264nm and 300nm Concentration) = 0.001 % At 264nm, Specific Absorbance = = = 630 At 300nm, Specific Absorbance = = = 430 (b) λmax which been selected from (a) = 264nm Wavelength / nm Absorbance Reading 259 0.584 260 0.588 261 0.588 262 0.582 263 0.573 264 0.559 265 0.546 Table of Absorbance Values New λmax selected from table of absorbance = 261nm Concentration of sodium aminosalicylate solution / % First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading 0.001 0.608 0.606 0.607 0.0008 0.477 0.482 0.480 0.0006 0.360 0.364 0.362 0.0004 0.243 0.243 0.243 0.0002 0.119 0.123 0.121 Specific Absorbance (Gradient) = = 606.06 From the graph of absorbance reading of 0.46, Concentration of Sodium Aminosalicylate = 0.00076 % RMM of sodium aminosalicylate = 211.15 0.00076 % = 0.00076 g/100mL = 0.0076 g/1000mL = 0.000036 mol/1000mL = 0.000036M By using the Beer Lambert equation, A= e.c.l., e = = = 12777.78 Molar absorptivity (e) of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH at the selected maximum = 12777.78 (c) (i) Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading Unknown 1 1.187 1.188 1.188 Diluted Unknown 1 (Unknown 1 ¾ 0.1M NaOH) 0.286 0.287 0.287 Concentration of Diluted ‘Unknown 1’ Solution from the graph = 0.00048 % Using the formula C1V1 = C2V2 , (0.00048) (100) = (C2) (25) C2 (Concentration of Unknown 1) = 0.00192 % (ii) Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading Unknown 2 0.525 0.525 0.525 Using Beer-Lambert equation, A=A(1%,1cm).c.l A(1%,1cm) = 606.06 l = 1.00 Concentration of ‘Unknown 2’ (c) = = 0.000866 % (iii) Wavelength (λmax) selected from (a) = 300nm Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading 0.0010 % sodium aminosalicylate 0.337 0.336 0.337 ‘Unknown 2’ 0.300 0.300 0.300 = C2 (Concentration of ‘Unknown 2’) = 0.000890 % Discussion From the experiment (a), we can see that the absorbance reading decreases with the increase of the wavelength where 0.630 absorbance value had been recorded at 264nm wavelength and 0.430 absorbance at 300nm wavelength. When wavelength increases, the amount of energy of the molecules of sodium aminosaliylate will decrease as well. Therefore, the amount of light that will be absorbed by the sodium aminosalicylate will decrease which resulting in the decrease in the value of the absorbance. By using the Beer-Lambert law equation, we can know that the specific absorbance of the sample decreases with the decrease of the absorbance value with a fixed concentration of sodium aminosalicylate and pathlength of the cell. In experiment (b), new λmax had been selected from the table of absorbance which is 261nm because it had the highest absorbance reading among all values which had been obtained. Repeated readings of absorbance had been recorded when measuring the absorbance values of each of the different concentrations of sodium aminosalicylate. This is to prevent getting an error in the measurement of the absorbance reading in the experiment. When plotting the graph of average absorbance against concentration of sodium aminosalicylate, a linear line was obtained. This shows that the value of absorbance increases with the increase of the concentration of sodium aminosalicylate in the experiment. The value of specific absorbance that had been obtained from the gradient of the graph of average absorbance against concentration of sodium aminosalicylate is 606.06. The value is quite typical which is in the range of 20-1,000. However, the value of the molar absorptivity of the sodium aminosalicylate obtained from the graph is 12777.78 which is more than the typical values ranging from 1,000-100,000. This may be due to some errors produced during the experiment. In experiment (c)(i), the concentration of ‘Unknown 1’ obtained from the spectroscopy and calibrating graph are almost the same. However, the concentration of ‘Unknown 1’ obtained through the calibrating graph is slightly higher than that of the one obtained from spectroscopy. This might be due to some errors in calibrating the graph. Error in the graph will result in getting an incorrect absorbance reading which will be used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. However, several measurements can be recorded to minimize the errors. In experiment (c)(ii) and (iii), the results showed that the concentration of ‘Unknown 2’ obtained using absolute method is almost the same with the value of concentration obtained using comparative method. Absolute method can be carried if the value of specific absorbance is known with the presence of the value of absorbance. It works exactly based on the Beer-Lambert law equation and is a preferred method in BP. If the specific absorbance of the solution is not known, then comparative method is preferably to be used as it only needs the absorbance reading of the standard solution and the unknown solution.This is a preferred method in USP and works the best if the standard and sample concentrations are close.[3] As the specific absorbance of sodium aminosalicylate used in (c)(ii) is obtained from experiment (b), there might be some errors in the value of the concentration of ‘Unknown 2’ if errors had occurred when calibrating the graph in (b) which resulting in the value of specific absorbance to be not accurate. Compared to comparative method, only the absorbance reading of the standard and sample solutions obtained from the spectroscopy are required in order to calculate the concentration of ‘Unknown 2’. Therefore, in this case the concentration of ‘Unknown 2’ using absolute method is not as accurate as the one obtained by using comparative method in this experiment. Conclusion UV spectrophotometry is an universal technique where it can find the value of specific absorbance of a sample using the Beer-Lambert equation with the presence of the other 3 factors value and also to identify the concentration of an unknown either through methods of calibration, absolute and comparative. UV Of Sodium Aminosalicylate Biology Essay
Family Therapy: Ethical Dilemmas Case Coursework
Table of Contents Abstract Family Therapy Case Study Therapeutic Concerns The Ethical Dilemmas Synopsis of State Laws Resolution of the Ethical Dilemmas References Abstract In family therapy, various therapies are applied in dealing with various problems that face families. In counseling, a family is viewed as a social institution governed by a set of rules, morals, values, and beliefs. Each family is therefore considered unique in its way and therefore, generalizations of family problems are not encouraged. The main objective of family therapy is to advance the welfare of the family and that of its members. In some cases, therapeutic decisions may conflict with the existing laws and as a result, it requires the family therapists to have a thorough understanding of all the professional codes of ethics and the existing laws. This paper looks at a case study and the ethical dilemmas involved. It uses Kitchener’s ethical decision-making model to resolve the ethical dilemmas in the case. It also incorporates the relevant professional codes of ethics such as the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) and the American Counseling Association (ACA). Family Therapy Case Study In case 3, 6 individuals are directly or indirectly involved. They include Breen who is 16 years old, Breen’s boyfriend who is 18 years old, Breen’s parents, and the parents of Breen’s boyfriend. The problem which is presented in the case is that Breen is engaged in unprotected sex with her boyfriend. As a result, she is concerned that she may become pregnant. However, her worst fear is that if her parents would know about her relationship with her boyfriend, they would kill her. She is also concerned about the reactions of the parents of her boyfriend if they would know about her relationship with him. These fears and concerns have made Breen depressed. She does not want anyone to disclose her sexual relationship with her boyfriend lest she kills herself. Therapeutic Concerns Breen’s behavior presents various risks. First of all, having unprotected sex exposes her to sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies. This behavior is also risky because she is in school and therefore, she would not be able to concentrate on her education, which would ruin her future life because she would either drop out of school or attain bad grades. If she would attain bad grades, then her parents would have wasted their money paying for her school fees. There is also the risk of killing herself if anyone discloses to her parents about her relationship with her boyfriend. The presenting therapeutic concern, in this case, is that of depression. According to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, depression is a mental illness that makes a person experience prolonged feelings of sadness and lack of interest in everything. It is also known as major depressive disorder, clinical depression, or major depression. Depression negatively affects a person’s thinking, feelings, and behaviors (Spiegler
Discussion question and peer reviews
assignment helper Discussion question and peer reviews. I need an explanation for this Psychology question to help me study.
DISCUSSION POST MUST BE 10+ SENTENCES AND THE PEER REVIEWS MUST BE 7+ SENTENCES PLEASE USE YOUR OWN WORDS AND DO NOT COPY FROM OTHER SITES STAY ON TOPIC ,BE POSITIVE , AND DO NOT COMMENT ON GRAMMAR ERRORS. TALK DIRECTLY TO CLASSMATES IN PEER REVIEWS!!! YOU MUST COMPLETE BOTH PEER REVIEWS AND DISCUSSION QUESTION!! THANK YOU
1) DISCUSSION POST
As we study human development, our focus turns to change and stability. Do people’s personalities ever really change? Or are we destined to make similar choices throughout our lives?
Read Invisibilia: Is Your Personality Fixed, Or Can You Change Who You Are? by Alix Spiegel (2016). This article explores the question through the dramatic example of a man in prison for a heinous crime.
Pick one position—either stability or change—and provide a rationale for your choice. You can also learn more about personality on page 3.12 in Chapter 3 of our webtext.
2) PEER REVIEW #2 (SENGPHET)
Change. The way a person acts and behaves are in influenced by their mindset. I believe most people are products of their environment. The way a person was raised, by who they were raised and where they were raised are all apart of their environment and plays a role in their personality. As a persons environment changes so does their personality. As people get older they will be able to change their environment as well as their personality. Another theory I believe that plays a roll in a fixed personality or change is medication and alcohol. These two things can alter a persons mindset so that you get a different person .
3) PEER REVIEW #2 (JACOB)
I believe that you can change to a certain extent. Your personality is what defines you. It is what makes you unique. It is capable of being changed, but I do not believe that you can change it completely. We are all products of our environment. Yes, we can change what type of environment we are in, but I believe some of our personality traits can not be changed. You adapt to different situations and different environments, but you can not completely change how you act.
Discussion question and peer reviews
Rasmussen College Criticizing Evaluating and Describing Works of Art Paper
Rasmussen College Criticizing Evaluating and Describing Works of Art Paper.
CompetencyDevelop a vocabulary for criticizing, evaluating, and describing works of art.InstructionsFor this competency, you will assume the role of a critic. View each piece of work listed below in the attachment and analyze it as a piece of art, identifying key elements of the work and using terminology common to the discipline. Using a few concise paragraphs for each piece, your analysis should discuss each work as a critic would and include, using the proper vocabulary, what you think the work is about.Grading Rubric (for each response) 01234CategoryNot SubmittedNo passCompetenceProficiencyMasteryElementsNot SubmittedDoes not identify key elements of the piece of artIdentifies the key elements of that piece of art.Identifies the key elements of that piece of art and explains them.Identifies the key elements of that piece of art and explains them, referencing other works of art.VocabularyNot SubmittedDoes not use the vocabulary common to that field of art.Uses the common vocabulary of that field of art.Uses the common vocabulary of that field of art with explanation.Uses the common vocabulary of that field of art with a detailed explanation.Subject/MovementNot SubmittedDoes not offer an explanation as to what the piece is about or the movement the piece represents.Explains what the piece is about or the movement the piece represents.Explains what the piece is about or the movement the piece represents in detail.Explains what the piece is about or the movement the piece represents in detail, referencing other works of art.CoverageNo pieces discussed.Pieces discussed, but not enough detail provided.Pieces discussed, and details provided.Pieces thoroughly discussed, and insightful details provided.Pieces thoroughly discussed, and insightful details provided, making reference to additional works.
Rasmussen College Criticizing Evaluating and Describing Works of Art Paper
College of Central Florida Undergraduate School Personal Statement
College of Central Florida Undergraduate School Personal Statement.
I am applying for undergrad school and I need a personal statement (600 words). I am applying to an atmospheric and oceanic science major. So, here are some points that you need to know; I am from Saudi Arabia and I studied in the past engineering but I quit due to medical health problem and now I decided to go back to school and study the major that I love. Some poins you need to focus on; 1- General ideas about the atmospheric and oceanic major. Climate change crisis and ocean pollution. 2- How 2030 vision is taking place in Saudi Arabia to preserve the environment. And here some stuff I wrote that you can look at and take some ideas:The past five years have seen record highs. Given the current pace, global temperatures are expected to rise by about three degrees before the end of this century.By then, it will be too late.The fate of the environment, the economy, and the population is related to what we humans do today.This is why I chose to have a vital role. Since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is entering a new era and is dedicated to use renewable energy to preserve the environment. The international media has always referred to the kingdom under the name “The Kingdom of the Desert or the Land of Sand” However, the kingdom today is emerging as an important maritime state through its focus on its two seas: (the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf), more than ever before.Several marine industries and economic sectors in the Kingdom are flourishing under Vision 2030, including coastal tourism, sustainable water desalination, marine sports, seawater-based aquaculture, marine energy, and marine biotechnology.and here are the links for the 2 school I am going to apply to: https://www.colorado.edu/atoc/https://aos.princeton.edu Ps: Mention that I have a full scholarship from the goverment
College of Central Florida Undergraduate School Personal Statement