Miami Dade College Chapter 4 Nola J Pender Nursing Discussion Paper

Bethel College Moral Intensity in a Healthy Business Case Study

Bethel College Moral Intensity in a Healthy Business Case Study.

Read the scenario and write a narrative essay (minimum 1500 words) in which you address and discuss the questions and statements listed below.Use at least four scholarly sources to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the scenario. Cite your sources in APA format.• Discuss the extent to which the company’s action in this scenario was ethical. • Explore the moral intensity and ethical principles relevant to this incident.• What implications does this have on Team Members?• In your opinion does this infringe on your personal time away from work. ScenarioA large multinational grocery chain that emphasizes healthy lifestyles is recognized as one of the nation’s “greenest” companies, has generous employee benefits, and is perennially rated as one of the best places to work. Employees receive a 20-percent discount on company products. However, those who participate in the company’s voluntary “Healthy Discount Incentive Program” receive up to an additional 10-percent discount on their purchases (i.e., up to a total 30-percent discount). These additional discounts are calculated from employees’ blood pressure, total cholesterol (or LDL) levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), and nicotine-free lifestyle. For example, the full additional 10 percent discount is awarded to those who do not use nicotine products, have 110/70 or lower blood pressure, have cholesterol levels under 150, and have a BMI of less than 24. Employees do not receive the additional discount if they use nicotine products or have any one of the following: blood pressure above 140/90, cholesterol of 195 or higher, or BMI of 30 or higher. In his letter to employees when announcing the plan, the CEO explained that these incentives “encourage our Team Members to be healthier and to lower our healthcare costs.”
Bethel College Moral Intensity in a Healthy Business Case Study

Newcastle College Wk 12 Brown Limited Company Report Essay

assignment writing services Newcastle College Wk 12 Brown Limited Company Report Essay.

Assignment Detail: CASE STUDY: Brown Limited BROWN limited is a UK subsidiary of the Australian MMC Group. The company has been operating in the UK for the past 9 years. BROWN provides financial services to a number of organisations which include SME’s, property developers and investment property funds in the UK and Australia. For the past 9 years, BROWN has been a profit-making firm as it has retained its previous clients, in addition to capturing an increasing share of the market. However, the finance director of BROWN has recently got in touch with your professional consulting firm and has engaged your firm with the mandate to provide them with an explanation of the cash flow problem that BROWN Limited had been facing. The company is also dependent on the parent based in Australia for funds, as and when required. In the past month there has been a number of meetings in London and Australia where it has been agreed that BROWN Limited should do their best to expand the business and raise the required capital in the UK, or perhaps in Europe, so as not to depend so much on cash coming from the parent company all the time. Consequently, the management of BROWN is considering the following projects: The current product that BROWN Limited has to offer mostly to specialist developers and investment funds companies is outdated. The company is looking to invest in a new product and there are two proposals on offer. The details of these two proposals are outlined below. Advanced Suite Draft figures £’000 Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 New Software cost 9,200 Sales Revenue 3,500 5,900 8,000 9,000 9,800 Less: First Module (430) (620) (850) (920) (1,200) Second Module (1,150) (1,500) (1,650) (2,200) (1,800) Overheads (250) (260) (350) (320) (290) All of the above estimates have been prepared in terms of present-day cost and prices. Assume that cash flows arise at the end of each period. In addition Revenues are expected to rise by 4% in price terms per year from year 1 (start of year 2). Overheads are expected to rise by 4% per year from year 1 (start of year 1) The cost of First Module and Second Module are expected to rise in line with inflation of 4% per year from the beginning of year 1. The cost of Technical Experts, who have come from the Australia have not been taken into consideration in the forecast and are as follows: Specialist Developer 1 (SD1): Will be paid £120 per hour and expected number of hours for SD1 are 1,400hrs. The rate paid is expected to rise in line with inflation at 4% per year from year 2 and the number of hours is expected to reduce by 3% per year, every year from year 2 onwards. Specialist Developer 2 (SD2): Will be paid £110 per hour and expected number of hours for SD2 are 1,200hrs. The rate paid is expected to go up in line with inflation at 4% per year from year 2 and the number of hours is expected to reduce by 3% per year, every year from year 2 onwards. If BROWN Limited invests in Advanced Suite, then the discount rate that would be required to assess the NPV would be 10%. The table above shows the estimated outgoings and inflows for the project. General Suite General Suite is the second of two proposals, the expected life of this software will also be 5 years and the cost of the new software, expected revenue, Modules costs and overheads are as follows: Draft figures General Platform £’000 Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 New Software cost 8,000 Sales Revenue 5,700 6,800 9,100 11,000 11,500 Less: First Module (330) (540) (850) (1,100) (1,500) Second Module (1,300) (1,850) (2,200) (2,800) (2,900) Overheads (190) (230) (280) (325) (375) All of the above estimates have been prepared in terms of present-day costs and prices. Assume that cash flows arise at the end of each period. In addition, you need to take into account the costs of Specialist Developers, inflation and the rise in the revenue, and overheads consideration, which are the same for the Advanced Suite. The discount will also be the same as with General Suite. If BROWN Limited invests in General Suite, then the discount rate that would be required to assess the NPV would be 10%. New Centre The manager in charge of sales has just informed your company that they plan to open a centre in the Midlands, and it is hoped that this centre will be opened for business on 1 November 2020. You have also been informed that to start with, the company will only sell 2 software packages, that of Standard Package (SP) and the Expert Package (EP). This will be done to test the market and see if the business will break-even in the same period. These two popular packages will be offered at £310 for SP and £400 for EP. The company has provided you with the following information regarding the costs and estimated sales for the three-month period, starting from 1 November. BROWN Limited plan to put in £5,500 as start-up capital and plan to sell a total of 1200 (combined) of SP and EP for the same period. They are not sure which of the two products will produce the most profits for BROWN. Total budgeted sales for each month are as follows: November 400, December 400 and January 400, of which 30% of each month will be for EP. You will be required to assess the best product combination of sales for the period. To help with the setup of the store, the company has just concluded a deal to get a bank loan of £24,000 on the 1 November. The interest on this loan will be paid every month. The company will be required to make 12 equal payments to repay the loan starting end of December. Financial information As mentioned above the company plans to sell a total of 1200 product packages during these three months. The fixed costs for the period are as below: Rent £ 15,000 Telephone £2,100 Loan Interest £900 Insurance £5,700 Electricity and Gas £3,600 Business Rates £3,900 Fixed cost specific to products SP EP Marketing £25,000 £ 27,000 Administration £7,900 £ 12,300 Staff Salary £ 21,000 £ 24,300 From their costs estimates, the variable costs of the services are £180 for the SP and £210 for the EP. The fixed costs are for the whole period, so they are not affected by the level of service. However, the variable costs will increase with services output (ie sales output multiplied with variable cost per product). Revenue from the sale of SP and EP will be on the basis of 40% cash in the same month, and the remaining 60% credit to be paid the following month. Requirement: You are required to write a management report to the management of BROWN limited directors in which the following points should be discussed. Provide an explanation on the different sources of funding the company can have and their advantages and disadvantages. You should make recommendations as to how the company can manage the same to help in the planned expansion program. Analyse the Investment proposals by using NPV and provide recommendations. You should also briefly comment on other investment proposal techniques that BROWN Limited may use, and the limitations of using those techniques The use of management tools such as Breakeven analysis and Budgets. A computation of your breakeven analysis and the cash budget for the first 3 months. An evaluation of the estimated company performance or position during the same period A detailed Literature Review of the tools you have used such as breakeven analysis and budgets and their importance to business. Other issues for management to consider that you think are vital for them to survive and make a profit. Assignment Guidelines: The rubric by which your report will be assessed is posted separately. It is important that prior to you submitting your work, you read this and objectively assess your response against the rubric. This will ensure that you have done enough to attain the marks you wish to achieve. Layout Your work should be word processed in accordance with the following: Font style, Arial, font size 121.5 line spacing.The page orientation should be ‘portrait’Margins on both sides of the page should be no less than 2.5 cmPages should be numberedYour name should not appear on the script.
Newcastle College Wk 12 Brown Limited Company Report Essay

Brain-to-Brain Interface Experiment Essay

Table of Contents Abstract Goals of the Experiment The Model The Techniques Results of the Experiment Discussion and Conclusion Works Cited Abstract The proponents of the study described the first Brain-to-Brain interface experiment. The focus is on the feasibility and workability of the interface, with respect to transmission times in all stages of signal transmission, creating a basic framework for the creation of and advancement of B2B technologies. The proponents of the study utilized EEG and TMS technologies to record a signal from the “Sender’s” motor cortex, and send it via the Internet to the TMS device placed on the “Receiver’s” motor cortex. The sender’s signal is superimposed upon the brain of the receiver, causing a response that satisfies the principle condition of the game task. However, it is important to point out that the experiment was merely a sophisticated version of the well-known knee jerk reflex experiment. There was no meaningful interaction between “Sender” and “Receiver” to warrant the claim that one human being was able to communicate to another human being without using any form of linguistic device. Nevertheless, the said experiment was a major stepping stone towards the creation of a brain-to-brain interface technology that would allow complex actions, such as, the efficient knowledge and skill transfer between a novice and an expert. Goals of the Experiment The proponents of the study described an experiment by which they test the functionality of a brain-to-brain (B2B) device. This experimental setup involves the use of the technologies of Electroencephalography (EEG) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) respectively to record, and send encoded brain signals via the Internet. The proponents of the study crafted a proof of concept experiment where they test the question: is it possible to create a connection between two human brains, and therefore create a B2B device? The Model To test their hypothesis, the proponents of the study devised a relatively simple experiment whereby three pairs of respondents were connected to each other using a BBI setup comprised of EEG and TMS. They engaged in a cooperative task in the form of a game. This setup enables the experimenters to not only determine if their prototypical B2B device is a success, but also to assess its performance. The game features either a rocket or a friendly plane flying across the “Sender’s” screen, requiring the “Sender” to move the receiver’s hand by using the B2B device. This enables the sender to decide to use the receiver’s hand to click a button to shoot the rocket. If the “Sender” understands the significance of the supply plane, he refrains from taking any action therefore preventing the transmission of the “shoot to destroy” signal to the “Receiver.” This simple experiment is a manipulation of a response test in which a subject responds to a prompt by clicking the correct button as fast as they can. In this case, it tests the response, and thus the connection between two conscious subjects as they collaborate to complete a task. The Techniques The experiment included three pairs of subjects, and took place in four randomized blocks, two of which were control while the remaining two were experimental. During the control blocks the TMS coil placement was rotated, breaking the circuit to the receiver’s motor cortex whereas during the experimental blocks the BBI circuit was unbroken. The EEG procedure was prefaced by training sessions. The sender subjects had an EEG placed on them, and made to move a one-dimensional cursor by imagining wrist movement. The motor signals are emitted in the mu band (8-12 Hz) and picked up by the EEG to be routed to the receiver. The TMS procedure was also prefaced by training and calibration sessions where the subjects were screened and the TMS machine was calibrated to their individual motor cortex: specifically the coil is placed on top of the part of the cortex that controls the extensor carpi radialis, the muscle that extends the wrist, thereby causing an upward motion of the hand. The game the subjects played forced them to collaborate, and fostered the use of the BBI. Results of the Experiment The “Sender” was able to communicate with the “Receiver” using a non-invasive approach. This capability was confirmed using an ingenious research methodology that includes placing respondents in two different buildings that are located one mile from each other. The considerable distance was the assurance that the “Sender” was unable to use any type of audiovisual signals to communicate with the “Receiver.” The proponents of the study were able to prove that a communication link was established by observing a game task that allowed them to measure the outcomes of the experiment. The validity of the experiment was enhanced, when the experimenter added the control part of the research methodology. With regards to the “control” pair, the “Sender” was still able to send signals to the “Receiver”; however, the “Receiver” was unable to process the signal. It was due to the manipulation of the “Receiver’s” cap, and it prevented the brain from interpreting the signal transmitted by the “Sender.” Thus, the wrist movements were not made in random but as a direct reaction to the signals sent by the “Sender.” In fact, the control pair was unable to record any hits to the missile or the airplane. Discussion and Conclusion The strength and weakness of the experiment can be found in the introduction portion of the document that described the first direct brain-to-brain interface in humans. The introduction portion of the document succeeded in whetting the appetite of the readers creating interest in knowing more about the study. The readers are interested to learn more about the outcome of the study, because the proponents pointed out that “a great deal of the information available to our brain is not introspectively available to our consciousness, and thus cannot be voluntarily put in linguistic form” (Rao et al. 1). They proceeded to enhance the level of interested by implying that the experiment is a stepping stone to solve the problem experienced by master surgeons and expert musicians who are desperately trying to transfer their knowledge and expertise to a novice. However, the aforementioned limitation in communication prevented them from simply telling a student how to exactly “position and move the fingers during execution of critical hand movements” (Rao et al. 1). In other words a successful brain-to-brain communication eliminates the problems that are inherent in linguistic communication. The student and the teacher do not have to grapple with awkward and imperfect human speech. It is a problematic setting especially if one considers the interaction between two people that came from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Due to the way the statements were phrased, the readers expected that the said experiment would provide a solution to the aforementioned problem. It seems to have been implied that the proponents of the study were able to develop a foolproof way to demonstrate brain-to-brain interface while performing simple tasks. No one expected that the first brain-to-brain interface would yield dramatic results, such as, the ability to control another human beings actions just through the power of thought. Nevertheless, the expectation was quite high. The expected result was that the “Sender” should have been able to communicate a simple message to the “Receiver.” For example, the “Sender” should have communicated the desire to move a finger or a toe. But a closer examination of the methodology, and the outcome of the experiment revealed that the study was merely a sophisticated rendition of a knee-jerk reflex experiment. In a knee-jerk reflex experiment, the respondent sits cross-legged in a chair while the experimenter taps the knee with a small hammer. The knee-jerk reflex creates an involuntary movement of the muscle causing the top most leg to move forward in a quick jerk like motion. A variation of the knee jerk reflex phenomenon is the use of an electric current to move the lifeless limb of a dead frog. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More It can be argued that the brain-to-brain interface experiment described in the study was a sophisticated variant of the knee jerk reflex. But instead of using a hammer to cause the involuntary movement of a body part, the experiment calls for the use of a sophisticated set up that allows the experimenter to send signals directly to the brain. The electric signal sent to the motor-sensory area of the “Receiver’s” brain caused the involuntary movement of the wrist that was interpreted by the mouse pad as a clicking motion. It was considered as the primary evidence that two human beings can communicate with each other using a brain-to-brain interface even in the absence of any type of audiovisual signal coming from the “Sender” or “Receiver.” Although the research design did not lead to the realization of high expectations, the experiment was ground breaking as a stepping-stone towards complex brain-to-brain interaction in the future. The experiment was able to prove that non-invasive interface is possible. This is an important development because “invasive modalities need to implant microelectrode arrays inside the skull within the brain, which involves expert surgeons with high precision skills” (Hassanien and Azar 280). In addition, invasive modalities leads to the scarring of the brain tissue that reduces the efficacy of the transmittal device and increases the health risk to the patient. Aside from demonstrating the efficacy of non-invasive techniques in brain-to-brain interface, this experiment also revealed the advances made when it comes to understanding the different functionalities of different areas of the brain. In this particular experiment, the experimenter knew which area of the brain to manipulate using electric signals to force a voluntary action on another human being. Thus, scientists are not going to start from scratch in creating similar types of experiments. Neuroscientists are encouraged to focus on other areas of the brain such as the area that controls audio and visual perceptions (Richmond, Rees, and Edwards 38). Neuroscientists must develop an experiment to test the viability of sending communication signals directly into these areas to determine if meaningful communication using brain-to-rain interface is possible. It is time to move beyond the knee jerk reflex experiment that characterized this particular study. In the future, state-of-the art BBIs can lead to the creation of a sophisticated teaching tool that enables experts to affect an efficient means of knowledge and skills transfer to their students. Works Cited Hassanien, Aboul and Ahmad Azar. Brain-Computer Interfaces. New York: Springer, 2104. Print. Rao, Rajesh et al. “A Direct Brain-to-Brain Interface in Humans.” PLOS ONE 2014: 1-12. Print. Richmond, Sarah, Geraint Rees, and Sarah Edwards. I Know What You’re Thinking. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print.

Module Assignment Written Assignment This assignment will help you to create your framework using the information provided in this module. 1. Select a topic (according to module 1 and 2) 2. For th

   1. Select a topic (according to module 1 and 2) 2. For this particular case, you will have to select only 3 authors related to your topic  3. Follow the steps to build your literature review.  Remember that a good literature review must have several components, which were explained during this module. The assignment will meet the APA 6th edition format criteria, minimum 2 pages following the structure: 1.     Title page 2.     Body (Use an APA format heading to separate each section) 3.     References (make sure that each reference is cited in the text)