MGT 312 Saudi Electronic University Critical Thinking Questions Paper

Nutrition Assignment

Nutrition Assignment. Can you help me understand this Nutrition question?

Module 03 Assignment – Track and Reflect on Your Nutrient Intake
People lead busy lives. Many individuals find it easy to lose track of just how much food and drink they have consumed throughout the day. This assignment will provide you with an opportunity to track and reflect on your nutritional intake. The results may surprise you!
For this assignment, use the Nutritional Intake Worksheet (below) to:

Familiarize yourself with the 2015-2020 USDA Dietary Guidelines for an adult.
Track all of the food and beverages you consume for a 3-day period.
Analyze your nutritional intake compared to the USDA Dietary Guidelines.
Answer a series of self-evaluation questions.

File: Nutritional Intake Worksheet

Nutrition Assignment

Acute Stress and Attachment Theory Essay

research paper help Acute stress and attachment behavioral systems Acute stress triggers one’s attachment behavior system by activating that innate human disposition to seek comfort and care from a familiar individual or group. At the point of stress, the person will feel vulnerable or in danger and will need something to offer them security. Normal people have a way of dealing with conflicts in an appropriate manner because they have developed a healthy attachment behavioral system. However, those with a disorganized attachment system will feel like victims when scared, in pain, or anxious. They will revisit earlier experiences of the same and focus on it. Furthermore, such parties have negative views about themselves. They will worry about experiencing the same consequences that emanated from similar stresses in the past. These individuals will always be vigilant about a repetition of their past. Some of them will display higher levels of hostility or anger during that period of stress in an attempt to defend themselves against past misfortunes. Therefore, a person’s attachment system is turned off when a negative experience such as fear, stress or anxiety is terminated. At this point, the person experiences ‘felt security’. On the other hand, if felt security is not attained, then the person’s attachment system will be constantly activated. This will lead to extreme reactions to real and perceived moments of fear/ anxiety/ stress. Helping somebody experiencing deep loss An effective way of helping somebody experiencing deep loss or acute stress is establishing a support system. Since creation of ‘felt security’ is paramount in deactivating the attachment behavioral system, then one must establish this reaction through association with others. Family and friends are vital in the grieving process because they provide the bereaved with an outlet that can offer them support through those trying times. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Since a person’s thought processes contribute tremendously to their coping ability during loss, then one can help the affected person by focusing on positive thinking. For instance, the bereaved may have a perfectionist stance on matters. A counselor can help that person realize that it is alright to be less than perfect. The grieving person should be taught to avoid overgeneralizations. Grief comes in various phases; denial, anger, negotiation, depression and acceptance. A person in the denial phase has not come to terms with the fact that the loss has occurred. A counselor or therapist can help such a person by urging him to face his feelings. He or she should try to express his feelings creatively through personal journals, art, or writing a letter to the loved one. Alternatively, a counselor may assist a grief-stricken individual to cope with his stress by identifying and planning for possible grief triggers. If a person lost his life-long partner, then anniversaries or public holidays may be particularly difficult. The person can talk about these days with a trusted friend or counselor and then plan what to do on that day. It should be noted that grief must be accepted and expressed in one’s own unique way. Although helpers can assist an individual in coping with acute stress or deep loss, it is not acceptable to let other people prescribe courses of action. No one should tell the victim to move on or to act in a particular way as the person will know when he or she is ready to move into another phase. We will write a custom Essay on Acute Stress and Attachment Theory specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How God can help God can become a source of safety and security for those suffering from acute stress by helping individuals with the problem of loosing control. Stress often immobilizes people because they do not feel like they can do anything about their situation. Faith allows one to focus on a higher power rather than the things one cannot do or can do. God also provides a sense of security through spiritual groups that can support an acutely stressed person. Isolation often perpetuates depression because a person lacks a source of security. God allows such victims to find like-minded people who they can confide in.

Power Issues And Case Analysis Imbalances Social Work Essay

Power Issues And Case Analysis Imbalances Social Work Essay. This assignment will discuss the case study given whilst firstly looking at the issues of power as well as the risk discourse and how this can be dominant within social work practice. Further to this a task centred approach will be explained and how it could be used when approaching this case study. Finally the strengths perspective will be explored and how this could effect change, and bring about social justice principles. Thompson (2000) discusses that power can be a complex issue that operates on different levels. He further discusses that many service users who come into contact with social services are generally in a relatively low position of power, and that this could be due to, for example; social divisions such as, class, race, ethnicity, gender, or religion. When looking at issues of power, it could be said that Ms. Evans who defines herself as Asian is being oppressed by many power differentials that would need to be considered. For example; Ms. Evans is currently living in naval married quarters and feels she has not been accepted into the community. It could be argued that she is living in a predominantly male domineered, white environment. Thompson (2000:56) highlights patriarchal ideology and how male dominance ‘serves to maintain existing power relations between men and women’, he also highlights how we should ‘resist the pressure to make people conform to ‘white malestream’ norms’ (Thompson 2000:141). Healey (2005) discusses anti-oppressive practice and how this looks at the personal, cultural and structural objects that can shape the problems that service user’s experience. Healey (2005) further discusses that through anti-oppressive practice social workers aim to promote service user empowerment by encouraging them to talk about and share their feelings of powerlessness, to help them understand how cultural and structural injustices can shape their experiences of oppression. Therefore when working with Ms. Evans and her family I would need to incorporate anti-oppressive practice in order to empower, and enable her to share with me her feelings and experiences of powerlessness in order to gain a better understanding of the families situation. However Thompson (2000) highlights, social work intervention involves the exercise of power, which if used negatively can reinforce the disadvantages that service users experience. Used positively however power can help to enhance the working relationship, the outcomes, and empower the service user, as Healey (2000:202) writes ‘postructuralists see power as an ever-present and productive feature of social relations’, and Foucault cited by Healey (2000) highlights the need for us to recognise the productivity of power, and argues that by focussing on power as only being oppressive ignores the positive dimensions of power. Ms. Evans has been referred to social services via the Health Visitor; this could be making her feel disempowered and nervous about the forth coming intervention of social services. Therefore when working with Ms. Evans and her family I would have to recognise the power imbalances between us, (Thompson 2000). I would need to be sensitive to the issues of power and imbalances by being clear with Ms. Evans on my role and purpose, explaining professional boundaries and responsibilities (Trevithick 2005). I would also need to consider my use of language and how as Dalrymple (1995) cited by Healey (2000:184) explains ‘the way in which language can reflect power differentials and have an impact on the people with whom we are working’. As well as recognising power issues and imbalances, as the social worker l would also need to undertake a risk assessment. As Thompson (2000) highlights, to assess the degree and nature of any risk to which Ms. Evans and her family could be exposed to. Assessing exposure to risks or a person, who is vulnerable to it is central to assessment within social work practice (Davies 2005). Stated in the Codes of Practice, ‘as a social care worker, you must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people’ (GSCC 2007:4). This includes ‘following risk assessment policies and procedures to assess whether the behaviour of service users presents a risk of harm to themselves or others’ (GSCC 2007: 4.2). Therefore when working with Ms. Evans and her family I would need to be aware of my organisational and statutory duties as there are substantial policies, guidance, and frameworks to inform my practice on risk assessment. When working with children and families as Brayne (2005) highlights, I would need to be aware of the law, which under the Children Act 1989 states; my primary responsibility would be when working with Ms. Evans and her family to that of the child, or children. Ms. Evans has stated that on occasions she and her family have experienced verbal abuse, which would need to be investigated further to decide on any risks this may pose to the family. However she has been described by the Health Visitor as suffering from post natal depression, and finds it difficult to care for her children, aged seven, five, and a ten week old baby who has spinal bifida. Therefore it could be said that my primary statutory concern would be, to what extent is her post natal depression effecting the care and welfare of her children, and does this pose any risks that need to be identified. Risk assessment and the management of risk have become dominant in all areas of social work. Kemshall (1997:123) cited by Davies (1997:123) highlights that within social work risk assessment and risk management have become key issues and are often central in the decisions, ‘to allocate resources, to intervene in the lives and choices of others or to limit the liberties of activities of clients’. Risk assessment has become a dominant discourse within social work ‘because social workers are employed within a risk society, which searches for ways to identify and manage risk effectively’. (Higham 2005:182) However as stated in the codes of practice, social workers should also ‘recognise that service users have the right to take risks, and help them to identify and manage potential and actual risks to themselves and others’ (GSCC 2007: 4.1). Higham (2006:182) discusses how ‘service user’s strengths that are likely to diminish the predicted risks’ should be assessed in keeping with the social work value of empowerment. Pritchard (1996) cited by Davies (1997:124) discusses how service users should not be denied the opportunities to take risks or exercise choice, and states that, ‘risk-taking is an important feature of all our lives’ (Davies 1997:124). However, as Thompson (2000) explains, the balance between care and control within social work can be difficult to maintain. By approaching this case with a task centred approach would as Healey (2005) explains, mean focussing on enabling Ms. Evans to make small and meaningful changes in her life, that she has recognised, acknowledged and wanted to work on. Coulshed (1998) highlights that within this approach the service user is the main change agent, helping the worker to assess what the priorities for change ought to be. She further explains that because the worker is as accountable as the service user in carrying out agreed tasks this lessens the sense of powerlessness that the service user maybe feeling. A task centred approach works on a specific set of procedures whereby the service user is helped to carry out problem-alleviating tasks (Coulshed 1998). Healey (2005) explains that it consists of the pre-intervention stage, followed by four sequential but overlapping steps. Therefore firstly I would need to understand and establish the source of referral (the Health Visitor) and negotiate with them any expectations and views. However as Healey (2005) states, by understanding the views of the referring agency does not mean that this has to be the focus of work, as I would need to work with Ms. Evans on defining the target problems. Mutual clarity between Ms. Evans and me would need to be addressed, discussing any limits or boundaries, explaining confidentiality, my role, as well as any legal or other obligations. Working in collaboration with Ms. Evans I would seek to explore and prioritise Ms. Evans views of her problems, as the service user involvement in identifying the target problems are ‘critical to concentrating their efforts on change’ (Healey 2005:119). Epstein and Brown (2002) cited by Healey (2005) suggest a maximum of three target problems, as it is not necessary to address all problems identified. Success in a few can have a ‘knock-on effect for other problems in a service user’s life that may enable them to live with these problems or to deal with them’ (Healey 2005:113). However as Healey (2005) writes, although within a task centred approach the service user’s definitions of their problems should prevail, in circumstances where the worker is duty bound to insist on considering certain problems, or a judgement has been made of a potential risk that the service user may pose to themselves or others, than these issues should be clearly raised. An explicit agreement (contract) would need to be mutually clarified. This would include times, location of meetings, and detailed information on the goals of intervention, whereby the service user should be responsible for deciding the order in which problems should be addressed (Healey 2005). It should also include any goals the social worker has on behalf of their agency or statutory duties. For example when working with Ms. Evans, goals for intervention might include her health status to be investigated in relation to her post natal depression. As well as this a statement of tasks would be listed to address target problems and to develop the service user’s problem-solving skills (Healey 2005). This is the key intention of task centred practice, ‘hence we must resist any temptation to do ‘for’, rather than do ‘with’ the service user’ (Healey 2005:122). An example of one task could be; Ms. Evans to gain more information on spinal bifida and then forward this to her partner, as she feels that he has not accepted their daughter’s condition, and this could be a fear of the unknown. In supporting Ms. Evans in her task performance I would encourage, and help build on her strengths maybe through rehearsing set tasks with her in the form of role play (Healey 2005). This would enable for any strategies necessary to be put into place to help Ms. Evans overcome any obstacles that she may feel could hinder the completion of a certain task. Task centred practice is a systematic process, therefore throughout my work with Ms. Evans I would need to regularly review performed tasks in order to acknowledge any gain made, as well as address any tasks that have not been performed. This would give me the opportunity to address any issues with Ms. Evans and to explore ways if deemed necessary to revise our contract. Finally integral to the task centred structure is the need for a well planned termination. Healey (2005:124) writes that a ‘clear and looming deadline is vital for concentrating worker and service user efforts on change’. Within the termination meeting I would review with Ms, Evans the overall progress of our work, and how in the future she might maintain any progress that has been made (Healey 2005). Healey (2005) explains that a task centred framework provides a ‘shell’ in which other theoretical perspectives can be incorporated. Incorporating a strengths perspective would, like task centred practice focus on, building a ‘service user’s capacity to help themselves’ and ‘to promote a mutual learning partnership between workers and service user’s’, (Healey 2005:158) keeping within the social work values of empowerment, respect and service user self-determination. According to Healey (2005) the strengths perspective concentrates on enabling service users and communities to work towards their future hopes and dreams, rather than looking at past or present problems. Saleeby (1997:4) cited by Healey (2005:152) states that the strengths perspective formula is straightforward, where workers are required to ‘mobilise’ service users strengths in order to enable them to achieve their goals and objectives, which would lead to the service user having ‘a better quality of life on their terms’ (Healey 2005:152). Some of the key assumptions of the strengths perspective are, ‘all people have strengths, capacities and resources’, and people generally demonstrate resilience, rather than pathology when facing adverse life events. (Healey 2005:157). Healey (2005) discusses the practice principles and how the social worker should adopt a positive and optimistic attitude towards service users, working in partnership with them so solutions to problems are developed collaboratively. Healey (2005:162) further states that the formation of a good working partnership can increase ‘the resources available to solve the problem at hand’. Therefore when working with Ms. Evans I would focus on listening to her story, identifying her capacities, strengths, and resourcefulness which could contribute to positive changes. I would clarify any strengths with her as Healey (2005:162) explains, service users ‘can grow when others particularly ‘helpers’ actively affirm and support their capacity to do so’. My role as the social worker would be to facilitate Ms. Evans capacity to acknowledge, and use existing strengths and resources which would enable her to develop new ones. These strengths could be for example; the skills she has developed from parenting, most of which due to her partner being in the Navy she may have done independently. Ms. Evans defines herself as Asian and that Islam is important to her, therefore, another strength could be that of adaptability, and having the inner strength to explore new experiences, as she may have moved from an Asian community to be with her partner in the naval married quarters. According to Saleeby (1996) cited by Healey (2005:164) ‘belonging to a community is the first step towards empowerment’. Therefore by working towards social justice principles I would explore with Ms. Evans what formal and informal help was available to her within the community. For example, a mother and toddler group, which would enable her to become part of the community that she feels she has not been accepted into. Healey (2005:164) explains ‘community support can build and draw on the capacities of service users to help themselves and to help others’. I would also discuss with her the help she is already receiving in relation to her baby and her diagnosis of spinal bifida, which could mean the family are entitled to both financial and practical help. This could include a family support carer to give some respite, which would allow Ms. Evans some time to pursue her own interests, such as her religion. Further to this I would need to recognise any strengths and assets within Ms. Evans social networks, such as people she may feel can be supportive, maybe discussing with her possible personal support from family and friends (Healey 2005). In conclusion this assignment has discussed the issues of power and how social workers need to be sensitive to and recognise power imbalances. .Following this, risk discourse has been explained, as well as a task centred approach to the case study. Finally the strengths perspective was incorporated which focuses on the capacities and potentialities of the service user. Power Issues And Case Analysis Imbalances Social Work Essay

Dimensions of Nursing Care

Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp The focus of this essay will be discussing how aspects of the nurse-patient relationships are important for the delivery of patient-focused care; this will be achieved by using the appropriate relevant literature. Nurse-patient relationship is a therapeutic relationship between a nurse and a client built on a series of interactions and developing over time. All interactions do not develop into relationships but may nonetheless be therapeutic. The relationship differs from a social relationship in that it is designed to meet the needs only of the client. Its structure varies with the context, the client’s needs, and the goals of the nurse and the client. Its nature varies with the context, including the setting, the kind of nursing, and the needs of the client. The relationship is dynamic and uses cognitive and affective levels of interaction. It is time-limited and goal-oriented and has three phases. During the first phase, the phase of establishment, the nurse establishes the structure, purpose, timing, and context of the relationship and expresses an interest in discussing this initial structure with the client. Data collection for the nursing care plan continues, and basic goals for the relationship are stated. During the middle, developmental, phase of the relationship, the nurse and the client get to know each other better and test the structure of the relationship to be able to trust one another. The nurse is careful to assess correctly the degree of dependency that is necessary for the particular client. Plans may be devised for improved ways of coping with problems and achieving goals. The nurse is alert to the danger of losing objectivity during this phase. The last phase, termination, ideally occurs when the goals of the relationship have been accomplished, when both the client and the nurse feel a sense of resolution and satisfaction. The Nursing and Midwifery Council exist to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public. Following the Standards set by the NMC are essential in the patient care experience. Trust – The patient and their family need to be able to rely on you and have confidence in the work your doing. A nurse has a very powerful position and most patients place trust in a nurse because there depending on the nurse to help them back to health. The nurse knowing patient’s information and being in unfamiliar surrounding afraid of the unknown can often leave a patients feeling vulnerable, this is why ‘trust’ is extremely important. Unfortunately in the past this trust has been broken by people in trusted positions such as the famous Beverly Allitt who….. Treat people as individuals- A nurse has a responsibility to treat each person as unique and remember never to stereotype or be judgemental of the person no matter what. Respect -discretion in keeping secret information- A nurse must always treat patients with respect at all time, ensuring to ask how the patient wishes to be addressed Confidentiality must be obtained at all times unless sharing information with other healthcare professionals when information is required. A patient should never be discussed in public places. Collaborate a nurse and patients work together for the common welfare of the patient this involves cooperation and good communication to be successful. Consent-give permission a nurse must always gain consent for any procedure or information sharing from the patient involved, depending on the condition of the patient. Boundaries-limitations a nurse must always be open and honest with the patient. Be aware of boundaries and know that limitations of gift giving no matter what. (NMC 2008) Nurse patient relationships alike other relationships will always face hurdles as after all we are only human and everyone will not always get along with everyone else unfortunately. In order to build a good nurse-patient relationship all of the possible barriers must be addressed. “Communication is the process by which information, meanings and feelings are shared by persons through the exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages.” Brooks, Heath 1995) look up book XXX Communication issues can lead to massive barriers, can the patient speak English, is the patient deaf or hard of hearing, is the patient blind or short sighted, could the patients posses speech difficulties. When communicating with a patient there are many issues to address. The environment you’re in must be allow privacy, be free from noise, distraction and allow the patient enough physical space. There can often be physical factors which may prevent evective communication such as the patient being hungry, tired or in pain. Emotional factors have to b considered as the patient may find it hard to listen and communicate if they are emotional, scared, anxious or maybe just don’t understand the way things are being explained or lack of perceivement of the situation. If all these possible issues which may ponder the ability to communicate with the patient to maximum effect the when communicating you must always think about the patients physical proximity, no-one likes to feel intimidated because you are a bit to close. The way your body posture is also important you need to sit facing the patient with an open posture and give suitable eye contact, always look interested, attentive, empathise with the patient and take your time to listen and observe because very often what a person tells you may not give the same message to their actual physical appearance or facial expressions. Remember to be careful how you say things because it cannot just be the things you say but in the way in which there said that makes the difference to how the words are understood. A good nurse must posses valuable characteristics such as being genuine, warm, helpful, caring and one of the most important contributes is excellent communication skills. Communicating with patients can be extremely difficult for many reasons, some may being the environment, if too noisy it may cause distractions making it difficult to listen, lack of privacy or just sheer physical space or lack of it. The nurse must also consider the patient’s physical state, if their tired, hungry, in pain, deaf or learning disabilities. The patient could be very emotional, scared, anxious or misunderstood the situation, all of these must be considered before communication. When communicating with a patient they must be made to feel at ease, use appropriate eye contact, take your time to listen and explain and remember to use open body posture. On my recent work placement in a surgical ward in an NHS hospital I had to build up several nurse-patient relationships whilst admitting patients onto the ward for the procedure ahead. It was challenging to build quick relationships as most of the patients coming on the ward had attended a pre op assessment prior to being admitted onto the ward then a lot of the procedure performed are elective surgery and only require a short stay. This meant i only had one chance to get this right and make the patient comfortable and confident in me as a student. On admission i would take the patient to their room, which were all single cubicles with on-suite shower rooms which gave the great surroundings for privacy and communications. After introducing myself to the patient i would ask the how they wish to be addressed and make a note of any preferred name on the patients admission notes and my handover sheet, I found that it was quite common for patients to wish to called by a totally different name to which they were christened and hugely important if any communication made. I always orientated the patients around the ward and the room firstly to make them feel comfortable whilst asking all the relevant information needed for the admission. Although I spent six weeks on placement and had many wonderful experiences the one bad experience is the one that i remember the most. I was asked by a member of staff to shower a patient who had recently fainted and soiled herself, I did question was the patient ok to be stood up and was told just to put a chair in the shower and carry on with what i was asked. Whilst i was getting the shower chair and the towels for the patient the consultant had visited the patient and requested we prepared her for theatre again. The consultant went and i returned to the patient’s room and asked another nurse if it was really necessary to shower this patient as i knew she didn’t look to good but was told again if you’ve been told to shower the patient then i should just do it. I helped the patient into the shower cubicle who continued to tell me she was fine, she had just got into the shower for a minute and the consultant came in screaming “where is she “i told him and he screamed at me to get her out and that she needed to return to the theatre immediately. I tried in my defence to say i was only doing as i was told but he didn’t hang around long enough to listen. I helped the lady out the shower, helped her get dried and dressed and apologised to her. In reflection of the effects i felt belittled and upset and although i didn’t feel it was necessary to speak to me in that manner i knew he was concerned for the patients well being and although i was upset i thought i could learn from this experience and make sure i never made the same mistake again, but i did feel my confidence had been knocked. I only wish i had the confidence to question the first nurse’s decision but then I am the student and i am supposed to follow orders within reason. If i was faced with that situation i would discreetly go to a more senior nurse and double check i am doing the right thing before i take such action again, in order to achieve this i need to learn the art of reflection. Self-awareness and analysis are key components in refection, and reflection is a skill that needs to be acquired, developed and maintained; being self aware allows us to take control of the situation as to which we are placed in, and become less vulnerable. (Wilding 2008). Reflecting on both good and bad experiences will ultimately influence my ability to learn and develop my ability to care for patients the best i can. If i am unaware of my of my strengths and weaknesses, it is more likely that i will be unable to to help others (Burnard 1992). Share this: Facebook Twitter Reddit LinkedIn WhatsApp