Critical Milestones discussion post response to student.
Critical Milestones discussion post response to student.. I’m trying to learn for my Management class and I’m stuck. Can you help?
Initial question
How do critical milestones contribute to successful implementation of strategic initiatives of an organization?
Respond to student response:
Critical milestones contribute to successful implementation of strategic initiatives of an organization because critical milestones essentially provide a road map for project implementation. Critical milestones serve as an input to the status of the firm’s events and initiatives. “In particular, a failure to complete milestones on schedule may diminish the probability that a project will be completed on time or on budget” (Nordmeyer, 2020, paragraph 4). The latter is very valuable and crucial information for the firm in regard to successful implementation and project success goals.
Reference
Nordmeyer, B. (2020). What is the importance of a milestone? Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-milestone-51236.html
100-200 words. APA. No title page.
Critical Milestones discussion post response to student.
Obesity in Australia Report
custom essay Obesity is a serious challenge Australia has recently faced in the field of health care. Today, this country shows one of the highest overweight rates around the world. The Australian Preventative Health Taskforce has put this problem in the list of the major health challenges along with tobacco and alcohol addictions (National Preventative Health Taskforce, 2010). The deplorable results of numerous research show that the problem’s solution requires the introduction of a wise health care policy and efficient preventative measures. Thus, it is important to understand the roots of the problem and its character in order to define a right improvement strategy. Statistics shows that Australia takes a leading place among developed nations in obesity. According to the official data, the overweight problem is present in 60% of adults and 25% of children. Researchers point out that an average Australian has become about seven kilograms heavier in the past twenty years. The figures are even worse for Aboriginal people and the inhabitants of the Torres Strait Islands (National Preventative Health Taskforce, 2010). The number of obesity cases is rapidly increasing that causes a great concern on the part of the government. According to The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle annual study, the National Health Care System received 2 billion dollars in the framework of the overweight and obesity prevention program in 2008. The indirect expenses, however, are considerably larger. The study claims that the total cost of the problem’s solution in the same year comprised a sum of 8.3 billion dollars (Colagiuri et al. 2010). It is presumed that there will be about 6.9 million people suffering from obesity in Australia by 2025 (National Preventative Health Taskforce, 2010). This perspective seems to be twice alarming taking into account the fact that obesity is a potential cause of other diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the government’s primary concern is to work out a definite plan aimed at the situation’s improvement. The strategy is to include not only the methods proper for the problem’s solution but also the efficient preventative measures. The Australian Preventative Health Taskforce has announced a series of statistical facts. First of all, the obesity progression is evident – the number of overweight people becomes a couple of millions larger every two-five years. Secondly, a weight increase is prevalently present in young women: 21.8% of the relevant cases contrary to 19.1% of the same problems in men. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Moreover, it has been discovered that 7.5% of all the diseases in 2003 were the immediate consequences of the overweight issue. The major part of this percentage is represented by cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. It is also stated that disadvantaged social groups are more amenable to the obesity problem. The Taskforce’s study claims that the progression’s figures are practically similar for adults and elderly people; thus, the obesity rate in grown-ups reaches 6.1% (National Preventative Health Taskforce, 2010). One should point out that the situation is additionally complicated by the fact that current generations are likely to pass the problem to their children. In order to find an efficient solution to the obesity problem, one is to perform a careful analysis of the issue’s roots. It is commonly known that a healthy diet and physical activity are the key factors determining a person’s weight. Hence, none of the suggested health care programs can be useful unless people realize the necessity of improving their current healthy environment. One of the major problems is that the importance of healthy eating is frequently underestimated. Whereas people are perfectly conscious of the harmful effects of smoking and drinking, the consequences of an inappropriate diet normally remain undervalued. A research conducted by several Australian institutions in 2005 showed that although first-grade children can identify healthy products and their beneficial qualities, they tend to experience difficulties in defining the wrong food. The researchers found out that a mass advertising on the TV and the Internet has a significant influence on children’s perception of the healthy eating concept. It has also been discovered, that although parents are roughly well-informed about the diet issue, they express the necessity for the assistance in their children’s persuasion. In other words, a large number of parents understand the principals of healthy eating but they fail to find an approach to encourage the children to give up the bad habits (Hesketh et al. 2005). One should point out that while the weight of an adult depends on his lifestyle, the weight of a child is significantly conditional on the parents’ behavior. Hence, it has been found out that the children of part-working mothers are less likely to suffer from obesity. It is explained by the fact that the former have more time to spend with their little ones; thus, distracting the children from sedentary activities (Brown et al. 2010). We will write a custom Report on Obesity in Australia specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, excessive parental care in the questions of diet seems to be as harmful as a complete lack of control. A recent Australian research has proved that balanced food practices show more efficiency with children as they do not imply any moral pressure and consequently create a healthy psychological environment (Champion, Giles
Social Conflict in the Work of Marx and Weber Compare and Contrast Essay
Introduction Philosophers describe conflict as the disagreement of authority. According to these philosophers, power can take on different forms depending on the person at the helm. While some form of power might be humane and manipulative, another might as well be coercive and physical. While some people in power might choose to lead in an assertive and bargaining way, others decide to do so in an inductive and rational manner. Due to the variations in the forms of power, there is usually the likelihood of manifestation of conflict. In this light, social conflict therefore addresses the confrontation of social powers. Ideally, all social theorists seek to address power or conflict based on social powers and their dialectics. (Cattell, 1957, p. 23)This essay seeks to examine the status of social conflict in the work of both Karl Marx and Max Weber. Karl Marx According to Marx, the society encompasses an existing balance of opposing forces that give rise to social change by their constant tension and struggle. In presenting his theory, Marx based his vision on an evolutionary point, which was contrary to the theories existing at that time. For him, tension and struggle rather than passive development was the driving force of progress. Marx considered strife the father of all good things and social conflict the center of chronological progression. This philosophy presented by Marx deviated from earlier versions but corresponded with the 19th century view of society. According to Marx, the need for adequate food and drink, of housing and for clothing were man’s chief goals at the beginning of the race, and these needs are still fundamental when efforts are made to scrutinize the intricate structure of contemporary society. However, man’s strive against nature does not stop once these pursuits are attained. If translated literally, this statement means that meeting one need gives rise to a host of others and this becomes a sort of a vicious cycle. (Giddens, 1983, p. 101) In their bid to gratify both the principal and inferior needs, men engage in aggressive cooperation immediately they leave the primeval, shared period of development. According to Marx, specialization brings with it opposition of ideas from the different classes. In his hypotheses, Marx claimed that all social relations between men, as well as the existing systems of ideas are exclusively rooted in the past. He also maintained that, although class strives, had marked all history, the competitors in the struggle had changed in the course of time. Although there was obviously a similarity between the travelers of the middle ages who fought against guild masters and today’s industrial workers who take on capitalists, the contestants were merely the same characters placed in different situations. (Blau, 1964, p. 23) Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More For Marx, the analysis of social class, class organizations and modifications are crucial to understanding capitalism and other social structures or means of production. In his theory, work and labor, and ownership of property with the means of production were the only ways that could be used to explain and define classes. Today’s capitalism according to Marx exhibits these economic factors than in any other period in history. While the previous societies contained alliances that could have been considered classes, these were mere elites who were not wholly based on economic factors. (Bottomore, 1983, p. 96) According to Marx, capitalism has two major groupings namely the bourgeoisie and proletariat. It is actually important to understand that Marx viewed the structure of society vis-à-vis its major classes, and the resistance between them as the force of alteration in this structure. Indeed, Marx theory was not based on balance or consensus. Conflict was forever present within the societal structure and the existing classes were not meant to be purposeful elements maintaining the structure. According to Marx, this structure was like a major ingredient in the struggle of classes. Indeed, Marx only sought to explain his conflict view based on his observation of the 19th century society. (Marx, 1971, p. 65) Marx defined class as simply the possession of property. In his explanation, he claimed that such an ownership gives a person the power to bar other people from the property and to utilize it for personal intentions. By looking at the bourgeoisie, landowners and proletariats, one realizes that their main asset was property and not revenue or status. Indeed, these are determined by supply and expenditure, which itself definitely replicates the production and power associations of classes. According to Marx, this makes the issue of class a hypothetical and recognized relationship among individuals. In a bid to fit in to one of the three classes, there arises an informal class membership force otherwise known as class interest. Due to the identical class conditions, individuals in the different classes tend to act in the same manner. This leads them to unconsciously form a kind of reciprocal reliance, a society, and shared interest interconnected with common revenue of yield or of wages. Because of this common interest, what follows is a formation of an interest class meant to protect their property. The formation of the interest classes often leads one group in to a struggle with the opposite group. (Marx, 1971, p. 68) We will write a custom Essay on Social Conflict in the Work of Marx and Weber specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Initially, the interests associated with land possession and rental fee are dissimilar to those of the bourgeois property. However, as the society matures, there is usually a merger between capital and land ownership, which in turn forces a coalition between landowners and bourgeoisie. At the end, the association of production, the natural struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie ends up being the determinant of all the events that follow. According to Marx, this constant struggle is necessary for any society that is maturing since its absence would ground a society to a halt. At the beginning of class conflict, the struggle between the various classes is usually carried out at individual production units. As capitalism matures, the rising inequality between the living conditions of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat extends the strife to coalitions across industrial units. With the passage of time, there is a manifestation of class conflict within the societal level. According to Marx, this new level leads to a rise in class-consciousness, which ultimately leads to the clamor for political power. This therefore transforms the existing classes in to political power, which is the other form of class. (Marx, 1971, p. 70) According to Marx, the spread of political power is determined by the power of production. Production grants political power, which the bourgeois class uses to legalize and safeguard their property and resultant group affairs. Class relations are therefore political and in a mature society, the government is involved with the bourgeoisie affairs. This fact leads to a state of restlessness in the remaining classes something that widens the rift between them even further. Additionally, the state of the already exploited worker deteriorates further and in most cases, this leads to the collapse of the entire social structure. Ultimately, this transforms the class struggle in to a blue-collar revolution. In effect, this wipes away the existing classes and gives rise to a classless society. With the collapse of classes, the political power needed to protect the bourgeoisie against the laborers becomes obsolete leading to the collapse of political power and the state at large. (Cattell, 1957, p. 5) Marx’s emphasis on class conflict as representing the dynamics of social change, his consciousness that change was not accidental but the result of a conflict of interests, and his observation of social relations based on political power were new findings in the society. However, the passage of time and history has made most of his suppositions and prophecies obsolete. Today, capitalist possession and the control of production have been divided. Instead of workers becoming homogenous as Marx predicted, they are now divided in to various specialization groups. On the other hand, the strengthening of the middle class and communal mobility has further weakened the class solidity thus discrediting Marx theory in a large manner. Instead of there being a big disparity between the rich and the poor, there has been a social intensity and an increasing highlight on social fairness. Finally, the growth of worker-oriented laws has weakened the bourgeoisie power that Marx predicted would characterize the modern society. Most importantly, the demonstration of conflict between laborers and capitalist has been institutionalized through combined negotiation legislation and the validation of strikes. Not sure if you can write a paper on Social Conflict in the Work of Marx and Weber by yourself? We can help you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the exhibit of chronological trends discrediting these theories, Marx’s sociological outlines have much value. Of importance, his highlighting on conflict, classes, and their association to political influence, and on communal alteration was a dominant perspective that the modern society should not abandon. Indeed the spirit, if not the essence of his hypothesis merits further development to guide the modern society. (Giddens, 1983, p. 105) Max Weber Marx saw the division of classes as the mainly important foundation of class conflict. Weber’s scrutiny of class is similar to Marx’s, but he discusses class in the framework of social stratification in a more general manner. Weber claims that class and social status are different dimensions of the social structure and both are noteworthy contributors of social difference. In fact, the way Weber treats class and status is an indication of the manner in which the substance basis of society is related to its perception. Social conflict can therefore be a result of the substance or the ideological basis. Unlike Marx, Weber did not dwell on explaining how class conflict occurs but he highlighted the role of power, domination and societal action in the matter. Weber defines power as the aptitude of an actor to recognize his will in a social action, even against the will of team players. He relates this to the ability to sway resources in a fastidious sphere of influence. Therefore, economic power is the ability to manage substance resources in order to guide production, dominate accretion and dictate expenditure. Societal power as outlined by Weber includes monetary power, societal power, lawful or political power among other centers of influence. Although controlling these spheres of resources usually go together, they characterize diverse mechanisms of power and are therefore theoretically distinct. (Giddens, 1983, p. 108) On the other hand, Weber described domination as the implementation of power. Therefore, possessing power in any sphere of life resulted in to automatic dominance. In what he called charismatic domination, Weber claimed that some individuals might use inspiration, coercion, communication or even leadership to direct and coordinate social action. This charisma according to Weber usually emerges during times of social crisis. Because this leadership tends to be personalized, it is short-lived and does not extend beyond the rule of its founder. In exercising this power, the leader often finds himself in a form of conflict with the subjects. In traditional authority, there is absolute loyalty to the leadership. In most cases, the lines of this authority are almost non-existent and there is no clear differentiation between private and public life. (Shortell, n.d) In the matter of communal action, Weber claims that it is oriented based on a common conviction of association. In other words, the actors believe that by some means they belong together in a certain way. The actions of these actors come from and are co-coordinated by this feeling. This is in contrast to societal action, which is somehow oriented to a coherent modification of welfare. The motivation is therefore not gotten by a sense of communal rationale, but relatively, identification of common good. On the issue of class, Weber identified three distinct classes, which included a specific fundamental section of actors, which rests entirely on monetary interests and is embodied under an environment of labor and product markets. According to Weber, the possession of property defines the major class difference. Property owners have explicit advantages and in some cases even a monopoly in the marketing of commodities. The same property owners have a limited access to the foundations of wealth creation, by virtue of possession and management of the markets. Unlike Marx, Weber did not believe that class interests necessarily led to consistency is social action. Additionally, Weber did not concur with Marx that proletarian revolutionary action would arise because of structural inconsistency. In certain situations, Weber believed that there was a possibility of societal action developing from a common class situation. This meant that the extent of the contrasts between the property owners and the property less laborers must first be translucent to the laborers in order for communal action around the issue of class to crop up. (Shortell, n.d) Conclusion Both Marx and Weber have addressed the status of social conflict albeit in different words. Weber’s view on the status of class conflict was not much different from the one outlined by Marx although both views are stated differently. On his part, Marx discussed the repercussions of class in terms of the substance conditions of survival. He also classified property possession in a definitive manner and in light of capitalist class relations. Additionally, Marx did not think that the variations in the kind of labor were important though he accepted that specialization had greater value than unskillful labor. On his part, Weber believed that the disparities in wages resulted in considerable substantial conditions thus dissimilar models of social action. Weber’s theory also suggests that rivalry among those without property can be based on lucid reasons, and not false awareness as Marx suggested. Reference List Blau, P. (1964) Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley. p. 23-46. Bottomore, T. (1983) A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 96-103. Cattell, R. (1957) Personality and Motivation. New York: World Book. p. 5-16. Giddens, A. (1983) Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 101-109. Marx, K. (1971) Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Tr. S. W. Ryanzanskaya, edited by M. Dobb. London: Lawrence
acts as a social pressure in relation to caste system in Hindu/Muslim communities.
Instructions • Students must complete one long research paper of approximately 6-8 pages length and utilizing 3-5 academic sources on some issue involving topics related to the course. In the term paper, students will be graded on clarity, style, and the use of appropriate evidence to defend a clearly articulated argument. Purely narrative papers- which tell a story rather than analyzing an issue- will receive poor grades. • Paper needs a research question and the paper answers that and especially in the conclusion. • There is plagiarism check. • Please refine the outline to fit the best quality work if the current one needs improvements. Final Research Paper outline Topic: How marriage acts as a social pressure in relation to caste system in Hindu/Muslim communities. Introduction: History of Marriage in Hindu/Muslim communities and definition of caste system concept. Body1: Marriage as a social pressure for women in Hindu/Muslim communities. Body 2: Marriage for economic benefits in Hindu/Muslim communities, for example, Sati. Body3: Gender-based differences between young women/men in Marriage. For example, relevant age. Body 4: Hindu/Muslim communities’ marriage from the same cast. Do people still marry from the same caste? Conclusion: reflection and takeaways about Hindu/Muslim communities’ social norms about marriage.