KIN 1601 UWinnipeg Fat Claims Specific Nutrient Content Claim Requirements Review

NURS 6670 Marymount Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders Report

NURS 6670 Marymount Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders Report.

Select an adult or older adult client with a schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder you have seen in your practicum.In 4 – 5 pages, write a treatment plan for your client in which you do the following:Describe the HPI and clinical impression for the client.Recommend psychopharmacologic treatments and describe specific and therapeutic endpoints for your psychopharmacologic agent. (This should relate to HPI and clinical impression.)Recommend psychotherapy choices (individual, family, and group) and specific therapeutic endpoints for your choices.Identify medical management needs, including primary care needs, specific to this client.Identify community support resources (housing, socioeconomic needs, etc.) and community agencies that are available to assist the client.Recommend a plan for follow-up intensity and frequency and collaboration with other providers.
NURS 6670 Marymount Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders Report

‘J’accuse’, Open Letter by Émile Zola

i need help writing an essay ‘J’accuse’ extracts 3 and 4, Emile Zola The open letter ‘J’accuse’, composed by Émile Zola, was published in the French newspaper ‘L’Aurore’ on the 13th January 1898. Addressed to the French president Félix Faure, the letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism as well as the lawless imprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish French army general staff officer who was condemned for espionage. Zola was born in April 1840 in Paris and is considered as the founder of the naturalist movement in 19th century literature. He was known for contesting the widespread anti-Semitism which plagued 19th century France, through his articles such as ‘Pour les Juifs’, published in May 1896. In his letter, ‘J’accuse’, Zola addresses judicial faults as well as the lack of evidence concerning the case, risking his career in order to support justice. After the publication of ‘J’accuse’, Zola was accused of Libel and was forced to flee France in 1898, however returned. Dreyfus was eventually exonerated in 1906 and was awarded the cross of the ‘Légion d’honneur’, a military merit. This commentary will first consider the relationship between the French and the Jews in 19th century France. Secondly, the axiomatic irony as well as the idea of faith and hope surrounding the affair and finally the injustice concerning Zola and Dreyfus’ punishments. Dreyfus was condemned largely because handwriting experts claimed that the lack of similarity between Dreyfus’ writing and that on the letter which was found was proof of self-forgery. However, in the 19th century, France was experiencing a period of considerable anti-Semitism. This is addressed in Dorian Bells ‘Beyond the Bourse’ (2011: 102). Here, she argues that the financial crash acted as a ‘trigger for the wave of anti-Semitism that swept over the country during the remainder of the decade’. Furthermore, she cites Saccard who blamed banks failure on the ‘sale Juif’. This undeniable anti-Semitism is debated in ‘J’accuse’, where Zola elucidates ‘l’odieux antisémitisme, don’t la grande France liblérale des droits de l’homme mourra, si elle n’en est pas guérie’ (extract 4, 306-308). He determines ‘c’est un crime, enfin, que de faire du sabre le dieu moderne’ (E4, 308) and forcibly compares this injustice to the fact that France should be working towards ‘l’œuvre prochaine de vérité et de justice’ (E4, 310). The word ‘crime’ is used several times in extract 4, which vigorously enforces the idea that the French government are not exempt from the general law and their actions are, in fact criminal. This contrast between crime and the idea of truth and justice neatly proposes the dilemma that France cannot progress as a country whilst the government pursue to misshape public opinion. By eluding to the rights of man, Zola suggests that France might regress to a time when the rights of man had not yet been established, threatening the entire foundation on which France has been established. Although ‘J’accuse’ is a letter addressed to the president, Zola eludes to the public when he writes ‘c’est un crime encore que de s’être appuyé sur la presse immonde’, suggesting that the French public are partially to blame for the barbarous and unlawful imprisonment of Dreyfus, by trusting the exclamations of the press. However, Zola goes on to recount that the public opinion has been poisoned by ‘la fripouille de Paris’, intensely compelling the public to comprehend the violation which has been undertaken by the government and demanding sympathy to the innocent Dreyfus who was punished for a crime which he did not commit. The reoccurring concept of ‘faith’, ‘justice’ and ‘hope’ is introduced in Michael Burns’ ‘Dreyfus: A Family Affair’, in which Burns focuses largely on the letters written by Dreyfus during his time in prison. He writes ‘I ask for no mercy, but I demand the justice which is the common right of every human being’ (176), as well as the repeated sentiment of the ‘truth’ and ‘light’ which would, at some point, be uncovered. (177). This perception of justice and truth is emulated in extract 3 of ‘J’accuse’, where Zola writes ‘puisqu’ils ne peuvent laisser reconnaître l’innocence de Dreyfus, sans que les bureaux de la guerre croulent dans le mépris public’(211-212). This indisputable miscarriage of truth presents a clear contrast to the faith and belief that Dreyfus describes in his letters. Zola’s exasperation is palpable when he addresses the reader by questioning ‘Mais, grand Dieu! pourquoi? dans quel but? Donnez un motif’(216-217). By proposing this series of questions to the reader, Zola demands the audience to consider the affair logically. He contests here that the anecdote recited by the press does not make sense and therefore he asks the reader to understand that the government have concocted a falsified story to protect their reputation. Through Zola’s representation of the affair in ‘J’accuse’, we can understand the irony of the situation. Anti-Semitism in 19th century France depicts Jews as a race who lie and present complications, whereas the government is entrusted to bring law, order and justice to a country. The presentation of these parties throughout the Dreyfus affair proves these stereotypes to be forcefully incorrect. He reinforces this idea as he writes ‘Quand une société en est là, elle tombe en decomposition’ (221), further presenting the idea that the lies told by the government will eventually result in the destruction of the French society. The injustice which surrounded the Dreyfus affair is discussed in Martin. P. Johnson’s ‘The Dreyfus Affair where he examines Zola’s trial. He writes that ‘Zola and his editor were charged with libel only for having asserted that the judges in the Esterhazy trial had been ordered to vote for acquittal’ (page 91), further proving that innocent people were being punished for attempting to bring justice to the affair. This is further seen when Johnson focuses on the fact that Dreyfus’ wife was not allowed to respond, ‘when asked if she thought Zola’s article was in good faith’. This obvious violation of the law shows the lengths employed by the government in order to mask the truth and to punish Zola for attempting to uncover the crimes committed by the French government. This can therefore be linked to the injustice which Dreyfus faced – neither men had committed a crime and yet both were punished for attempting to expose the truth. Zola further discusses this idea of falsifying the truth where he writes ‘et le beau résultat de cette situation prodigieuse est que l’honnête homme, là-dedans, le lieutenant-colonel Picquart, qui seul a fait son devoir, va être la victime, celui qu’on bafouera et qu’on punira’ (Extract 3, 212-214). Here, the reader is once again challenged to question the validity of the information provided to them. He highlights the irony of the situation where the honest man is punished; something which would later come to affect Zola himself. Once again, Zola addresses the misshapen truth when he reprimands the actions of the French by saying ‘voilà la fripouille qui triomphe insolemment, dans la défaite du droit et de la simple probité’ (extract 4, 300-301). Here he reminds the audience of the false and vile accusations made against Dreyfus, therefore reinforcing the idea of Dreyfus’ innocence in the affair, yet his inequitable suffering. In conclusion, the forceful and direct way in which Zola addresses his audience as well as the president through the sustained use of the word ‘crime’ whilst eluding to the miscarriage of truth enforces the severity and injustice of the situation. By suggesting that the French society is partially to blame for this falsification, Zola invites the reader to partake in amending the wrongdoing which was being carried out. In his letter, Zola was able to effectively highlight the undeniable calamity which was the Dreyfus affair whilst suggesting that the behaviour portrayed by the French government would, if continued, inevitably destroy France, a country which should be working towards truth and justice. Zola’s letter was not only used in order to address Dreyfus’ case, but also to highlight the extent to which anti-Semitism was affecting the country. It was thanks to the efforts of Zola as well as other Dreyfusards that Dreyfus’s innocence was eventually pronounced indisputable, illustrating the undeniable miscarriage of justice which enveloped the Dreyfus affair. Bibliography Bell, Dorian. ‘Beyond the Bourse: Zola, Empire, and the Jews’, The Romanic Review, May- Nov. 2011, 102 (3-4), 485-97 Burns, Michael. ‘Mathieu’ in Dreyfus : A Family Affair 1789-1945 (Chatto, 1993), 170-194 Johnson, Martin P. The Dreyfus Affair: Honour and Politics in the Belle Époque (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999), esp. ‘The grand Affaire (1898)’, 87-109

Russia and United Kingdom Colonial implications Discussion & Replies

Russia and United Kingdom Colonial implications Discussion & Replies.

I’m working on a writing Discussion and need support to help me learn.

The Beyond Intractability readings from last week covered how conflicts are often tied to colonialism. Issues that we covered this week relating to status and high stakes distributional issues are also often linked to the colonial past. What moral obligations do the colonial powers or their successor states (eg, Russia, the United Kingdom/ Great Britain) have in righting the wrongs that they created in the past? What do the former colonial powers need to do to help parties achieve peace?
Russia and United Kingdom Colonial implications Discussion & Replies

Three Major Approaches Of Leadership Theory Management Essay

In this project we are discussed the relationship between strategic management and leadership. We also discussed in these assignments leadership styles and their impact on strategic decisions. Leaders required to those leadership style which is appropriate for them, their section, their subordinates and the business they work for. The situations leaders need varying leadership styles based on a specific task, the worker being managed and the leaders personality. The Purpose of this report to identify the different leadership styles which would help in understanding how to manage the team in the company and main focus will be on what kind of leadership style adopted by organization to run their business. It has been demonstrated in the report that what kind of different qualities required by the different levels of authority. So that there should be no misunderstanding who report to who and who is responsible for what. Criticism is done to show, if company could use another leadership style, what they are using now would be more beneficial in achieving their objectives. Manager is the person who is having quality to get the things done through others. It means that Manager is responsible for achieving the targets. Focus is given on what kind of managerial skill practised in the company for smooth running of concern. Introduction:- Leadership culture is defined by the collective action of formal and informal leaders acting together in the help of organizational goals that ultimately marks the difference. When we speak about the leadership it is the both leaders themselves and the relationship among them, the skills and behavior of the leaders are required to execute the organization strategy and make the most wanted culture. The collective leadership capabilities of the leaders acting together in the groups and across the boundaries to implement strategies. (William and Michael, 2011.) Generating the effort and commitment to work towards objectives is central to managing any human activity. People use the term ‘effective leader’ to denote someone who brings innovation, moves an activity out of trouble into success, makes a worthwhile difference. They see opportunities to do new things, take initiatives, and inspire people. “The most effective leaders will be people who use their energies to accomplish desired results. Leadership will focus on action and implementation”. Katz and Kahn (1948). In the process of leadership three main skills such as technical, human and conceptual are necessary. Technical skill: – perform the specific tasks capability to use information, methods, technique and tools are essential and get from experience, education and training. Human skills: – human skills are the capability and results in working with and through individuals. Human skills include accepting of motivation and purpose of effective leadership. Conceptual skills: – conceptual skills provide skills to understand the complexities on the whole organization. Through Conceptual knowledge leaders act to according to the objectives of the total business rather than only on the basis of the goals and needs have direct team. There are three major approaches of leadership theory. They are:- Historical approach Classical approach Contemporary approach Trait theory: – Trait theory of leadership provides the skills to identify qualities which helpful when leading with others and jointly, these appear as a universal leadership style. Example includes understanding, fierceness, good decision making. Trait theories assume that leaders contribute to number of ordinary individually traits and features and that leadership emerges from this traits.a trait is relatively stable aspect of an individual’s personality that influences behavior in a particular direction. Many people have tried to identify the personal characteristics associated with effective leaders. According to trait theory every person will be born with some traits. Trait theory says that every leader will have certain traits that make them more suited to leadership than others. A person would have these traits from birth which will be his characteristics which makes him more suitable to be leaders than others. Traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, values, self confidence and appearance Behavior theory:-according to behavior theory leaders are made not born. This theory is completely against the traits theory. Traits theory says that leadership qualities come from birth where as the classical leadership style like the behavioral theory says that they come from practice and not from birth. It says that leadership is defined, hence any person can learn those qualities required to be leader and can successfully lead when there is need for it. Leadership qualities can be adopted by looking at others. Perhaps any leader can adopt the correct behavior with appropriate training. Contingency theory:-contingency approach a model of leadership that describes the relational ship between leadership styles and specific organizational situations. An early, extensive effort to combine leadership style and organizational situation into a comprehensive theory of leadership was made by Fiedler and his associates. Contingency theory is a refinement of the situational viewpoint and focuses on identifying the situational variables which best predict the most appropriate or effective leadership style to fit the particular circumstances. Transactional approach: – James Burnes (1978) distinguish between transactional and transformational leaders. A transactional leader is one who treats leadership as an exchange, giving followers what they want if they do what the leader desires. And a transformational leader is a leader who treats leadership as a matter of motivation and commitment, inspiring flowerers by appealing to higher ideals and moral values. The leader, who holds power and control over his or her employees or followers, provides incentives for follower to do what the leader wants. Hence, transactional leadership simply involves an exchange that leads to desired outcomes and transformational leadership motivates us to do more than we originally expected to do. Participative theory:-participative theory says that whatever the decision or whenever the decision is need to be made, involve everyone who is attached to that. Don’t take decision solely. Reason is when everyone come together to take the decision they feel involved in it. In participative type of leadership people are more committed because they are involved in decision making. The drawback of this style would be it can confuse a leader as which course of action to be taken as there are more ideas. This can be time consuming because more people are involved decisions cannot be made quickly. Impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness Performance of an organization is depending upon the leadership styles which are used in that organization. Leadership style has a significant relation with organizational performance. Leadership styles put a positive and negative effect on the performance of organization depends upon the style of leadership. Leadership style of administrative supervisors put a positive effect on the performance of organization. Performance of workers will be influenced by the leadership style of a leader. It also indicates that performance of organization is also influenced by the style of leadership. Organizational performance decided by leadership style that subordinates need to know, and give feedbacks and suggestions to execution. In this course a leader can know the requirements of the subordinates and subordinate can know the demands and requirements of their role at the same time. Subordinates get their rewards when they make organizational requested performance under the leadership style of executives. This is shown by research that leadership style put positive effect on the performance of the organization. Therefore leadership style should be correctly and carefully used to motivate and guide the subordinates. There are basically three types of leaders 1: Autocratic leaders. These are the leaders who do not consult their team when they make any decision. 2: Democratic leaders. These types of leaders make decisions with the input of other group members. This style of leadership is important when team agreement matters. 3: Laissez-fair leaders. These types of leaders allow the group members to make most of the decisions. They mostly do not interfere in most of the decisions. This type of leadership works when team is highly motivated and capable. Kotter (1990) distinguishes between the terms leadership and management – while stressing that organizations need both, and that one person will often provide both. Good management as brining order and consistency to an activity- through task of planning, organizing and controlling. Individuals whom people recognize as leaders have created change. Good leadership is that which moves people to a place in which they and those who depend on them are genuinely better off ,and when it does so without trampling on the rights of others.leadrs succeed by establishing direction and strategy, communicating it to those whose corporation is needed and motivating and inspiring people. Managing and leading are closely related, but differ in their primary functions- the one of create order, the other to create change. Organization needs both if they are to prosper. A manager may or may not be an effective leader. A leader ability to influence others may be based on a verity of factors others than his or her formal authority or position. Warren Bennis, a highly regarded leadership scholar, differentiated the extremes of Management and leadership in number of provocative ways:- The managers administrates, the leader innovates. The manager in a copy, the leaders an original. The manager maintains, the leader develop. The manager focuses on systems and structure. The focuses on the people. The managers relies on control, the leader inspires trust. The manager has a short range view, leader has a long perspective. The manager asks how and when, leader asks what and why. The manager has an eye on the bottom line; the leader has his eye on the horizon. The manager imitates, the leader originates. The manager accepts the status quo, the leader challenges it. Manager do things right, leaders do the right things. For the success leader also needs to good leadership skills .strategic leader provide a positive and professional atmosphere because they are efficiently planning and controlling the individuals and processes. Leader can produce equal attitudes in their team worker. Strategic long term decisions involve the direction of the business. If the plan and decisions are right, the business will grow and succeed. But if a business makes pure decisions, it may fail. Effective management requires an understanding of how the processes are applied and how they can be used. Management is more art than science in that managers constantly have to use their judgment and expertise. Management is the process of achieving pre-set aims and objectives through the work of others; a manager role is to:- Devise strategies and policies which will server future growth and development. Control and co-ordinate a mix of available resources-people, money, materials,-so as to earn a profit or to run the organization cost effectively. Interpret and respond to changes in economic, social and technological trends, so as to keep the organization sharp and competitive. Develop new entrants into the organization, so as to ensure its long term survival and success. Promote interpersonal communication and telephone communication systems to that the organization benefits from an open exchange of information and ideas. Effective management depends entirely on mix of: The manager personality and what style fits it best. The kind of people and tasks to be managed. The culture and benefits of the organization and the social, economic backdrop at the time. Management has to stay on their toes and use all their skills and competencies to benefits the organization and its stakeholder-employers, customers, investors, the community and so forth. According to Edward Elgar “There is music in the air, music all around us, said composer.”The tune heard most often by today’s managers may be the constant ring of a cell phone tying them to the organization .managers can become a leader who set the pace for an organization and lead people in a different kind of performance. Leaders also find the off-key notes, bring people together and inspire them to act in ways that accomplish the organizations vision. Understanding people, communicating, building team work and inspiring others are the essentials of effective organizational leadership. By developing leadership skills in understanding human behavior, communication, teamwork and motivation, managers can boost an organization’s chance of hitting all the right notes. In the organization management and leadership are both important. successful managers have to be leaders, too, because there are distinctive qualities associated with management and leadership that provide different strengths for the organization, as show in the diagram: Leader and managers qualities:- Leader qualities Manager qualities SOUL MIND visionary Rational passionate Consulting creative Persistent flexible Problem-solving inspiring Tough-minded innovative Analytical courageous Structured imaginative Deliberate experimental authoritative Initiates change Stabilizing Personal power Position power As shown in the diagram, leadership and management are different sets of skills and qualities which normally overlap within a particular person. Every individual has more of one set of qualities than the other, but ideally a manager builds up a balance of both manager and leader qualities. A main difference between management and leadership is that management promotes stability, order and problem solving within the existing organizational structure and systems. Leadership promotes and vision, creativity and change. In other words “a manager takes care of where you are; leaders take you to new place.”James E.Colvard, (July 2003) leadership means questioning the status qua so that out of use, uncreative, or publicly careless norms can be changed to meet new challenges. Leadership cannot replace management; it should be in addition to management .good leadership is required to facilitate the business meet current commitments,while good leadership is needed to move the organization into the future. Richard L.Daft (2005). DRAWBACKS OF LEADERSHIP THEORY FOLLOWED The theory they had adopted in their organisation is based on assumption that leaders invest their time in educating the positive skills in the workers to perform the assigned work. Transformational leaders invest their time in building trust and convincing followers to believe in a shared vision. But Organization want instant result by forcing the leader but it’s a time consuming process to get result from followers so it’s a time consuming process can provide result instantly. In Transformational style organisation has to depend upon the leader behaviour if the leader is not intelligent and lack of inspirational communication skills and lack of experience not able to motivate the workers and organisation have to suffer.(Disadvantages of Transformational leadership) Conclusion;- In this assignment it is concluded that organizational leaders build some traits in their employees like trust, respect, fairness, teamwork and results that create a lasting impact. They put the employee should remain in the assigned work long enough to make his or her contributions clear. It clears that mainly organization had adopted Transformational Leadership style. Different qualities of different level had been discussed like, win with diversity they can hire employees from different cultures this benefits them in knowing what is liked by different cultures and although it would be helpful in getting new ideas for improvement in their process. It had been shown that Transformational leaders invest their time in building trust and convincing followers to believe in a shared vision. But Organization want instant result by forcing the leader but it’s a time consuming process to get result from followers so it’s a time consuming process can provide result instantly. Man Mangers can raise their skill level by listening to others rather than speaking their own. This the only way which help the manager in finding what’s going on in organization. To overcome the change lectures provided to every employee to understand the new method for production .So that they all put their efforts together to achieve the goals of the organization efficiency, effectively and without any wastage. To improve the company performance Manager’s should treat their employees equally without any partiality when the change is implemented. If they don’t then employees resist change and for that wrong behaviour of the managers Organization have to suffer. According to situation leaders can use of different leadership style.