According to Statistics Canada, Canadians purchase 6. 7 kilograms of chocolate per person each year. An article by the London Daily Telegraph’s Rachel Bird warns, “Up to 40 percent of the chocolate we eat may be contaminated by slavery. ” Ivory Coast is the world’s biggest producer of cocoa beans with over a million cocoa farms and plantations. A British TV documentary, “Slavery,” claims 90 percent of Ivory Coast cocoa plantations use slave labor.
Most are young men and boys from impoverished areas inBenign, Togo and Mali are enticed by traffickers who promise them paid work, housing and an education. Instead, they are sold to Ivory Coast cocoa plantation owners who beat them into submission and offer no pay for grueling, 18-hour days. What does the fair trade label mean? Organizations like the U. K. ‘s Fair Trade Foundation and Transfix Canada certify products which meet the principles of the fair trade system. Fair trade means products are purchased directly and at a fair price from small family growers and co operatives that do not rely on hired or illegal forced labor.Growers receive a minimum guaranteed price that covers real production costs, regardless of how low world market prices fall.
Fair trade also promotes sustainable agricultural practices which use minimal or no pesticides. On small, family- owned farms, cocoa plants are usually inter-cropped. In contrast, Ivory Coast plantations utilize intensive farming techniques which boosted cocoa production by 95 percent in the 1 9805. More and bigger plantations have caused Ivory Coast rainforest’s to be literally slashed from 12 million hectares in 1 960 to 2. 6 million hectares today, devastating the area’s biodiversity.Every time a chocolate bar is sold, low-income cocoa farmers in Ghana not only receive a fair price for their cocoa beans, but as part owners of the Day Chocolate Company, they receive their share of the profits. To the cocoa growers a fair trade means making the most amount of profit disregarding the conditions of which that profit was made from.
Discussion 1 Replies (ET310 Circuit Analysis)
Discussion (Do not Complete, already completed) (Just for Knowledge urpose)
I just purchased spotlights to put on top of the row bar of my Jeep Wrangler. These are 4 high watt lights with a resistance 50 ohms each. The lights work best at higher current. Now, do I install these in parallel or series? Explain.
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Classmate Responses (Reply to these two please)
David Travis
Jeep Lights. I have trouble showing my work for this question as it has been beat into my head that vehicle lights are wired in parallel, basically connecting each light directly to the battery. Thereby each light has access to the batteries full potential. When wired in series, each light has to share the batteries potential via one circuit, thereby each light will be dim. If enough lights are added, the lights may not even illuminate.
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Patrick Stoner
The 4 lights on the Jeep Wrangler should be installed in parallel for the best output possible for this installation. When lights are installed in parallel, the voltage level dropped to each light is equivalent to the total voltage available in the circuit, which is likely 12VDC in this instance. Thus, the current through each bulb can be calculated via Ohm’s Law:
I = V/R
I = 12V/50Ω
I = 240mA
If the lights were connected in series, the voltage drop to each would be divided amongst each of the lights (so 12V/4 = 3V). Thus:
I = V/R
I = 3V/50Ω
I = 60mA