I need the answers now to the questions below bus dq part 1

Types of Electronic Communication

Electronic communication has become a very popular means to communicate worldwide. Electronic communication is used for the transfer of different types of data and images through wire, electromagnetic, photo electronic or photo-optical system and radio. Electronic communication is so popular that many businesses and people consider it to be essential tool in our daily lives. The Potomac Knowledge Project from the Marino Institute states “Electronic communications is interactive. It engages audiences in active, two-way communications; a self-selected audience, engaged and actively participating in the communications process.” There are many ways to communicate electronically, each with benefits and risks related to business or personal use. It is likely that in the future, advances in technology and computer programming will enable us to communicate in ways we can only dream about today. Different Ways to Communicate Electronically Email. There are many different types of electronic communication including but not limited to: email, social media newsgroups, chat rooms, video conferencing, instant messaging, phone and fax. Email via the widely used internet is popular because people are able to write short messages, receive quick responses and include photographs or reports with formatted data quickly and efficiently. Sending information through the conventional or ‘snail’ mail can be costly and time consuming. Using email for personal or professional purposes is an efficient means of communication. Social Media. Many newsgroups and chat rooms now use Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, a type of social media for communication purposes which lets the user give an instant message and receive an instant response with supporting live video images. Users are able to post messages to a particular group of people or to members of a specific club and comment instantaneously. Miscellaneous. Workplace-communication.com lists over fifty-five different types of electronic communication currently used in the workplace! Some other types of electronic communication that may not fall clearly in one of the above categories above are listed below: Fax Short-wave Radio Radio Broadcast Video Conferencing Skype Satellite Phone Texting Telephony Wikis Electronic communication has gained wide recognition, has innumerable practical applications and provides benefits for the user including quick communication, is cost effective and has easy access. The Benefits Work Related Environment. Many different types of organizations are using electronic communication facilities. Electronic communication provides the opportunity for groups of people in different geographical locations to communicate interactively through text, sound and video. Team members can work on and make contributions to the same document at the same time, engage in meetings and share information on projects. The ability to communicate and problem solve as a team increases the likelihood of an increase in productivity and customer satisfaction. In addition, many businesses are sponsoring discussion groups concerning issues related to the business (products, strategies, etc.) as a resource to offer further communication and marketing prospects. Electronic communication also enables people to work from home, called telecommuting. Working from home provides employees flexibility and saves office space, money spent on paper, printing and postal delivery. The communicated information may be stored on disks, on computer hard drive files and is easily retrievable when needed. For Individual Use. For individual use electronic communication has become a way for people around the world to share pictures, graphics, conversations, and play interactive software games. People are able to communicate more economically when compared to phone or mail and are able to communicate quickly to friends and family who live a distance away. This type of communication has become a very important means of social communication. Careers in Electronic Communication. With the boom in technology and the computer industry, software services, electronic communication, programming, and security issues will provide growing opportunities for employment in the United States and worldwide. The demand for individuals and employees who are knowledgeable in the field of electronic communication will continue to increase. Working in electronic communications is a great option for those with marketable skills interested in securing employment in a fast growing field. The Risks Personal Mail is Insecure. Sending someone a personal electronic message can become a permanent record. It is easy to compromise your reputation by messaging something negative or offensive. Electronic messages are hard to stop once they have been sent and unlike paper messages they can be delivered instantaneously. Electronic messages are not secure and can be easily copied, resent or forwarded to others so you can never know for sure who will read it and form a negative opinion of you. It is also easy for someone to search all posted messages for your name as it travels through the internet; potential employers are now using this as a means to evaluate personality strengths and character when considering a potential hire. When sending a message you really have to think about whether or not you would like the public to read your message in the future. Tom Van Vleck , The Risks of Electronic Communication lists common examples of not using good judgment when sending electronic communication: broadcasting or posting a funny message sending or posting an angry message using sarcasm or irony criticizing others in public posting a message or sending mail late at night sending a message about a person that you wouldn’t want them to see Business Mail. When communicating with a business or company using electronic mail it is important to look for a guarantee that the company will keep your information for its use only and will not sell your name or address to other companies. Users also need to be guarded when receiving emails from businesses inquiring about personal account information, credit card or billing information as business scams or identity theft have become a significant concern in electronic communication. Computer Hacking or Virus. Secondly, a big concern with electronic communication is security. Your computer can be hacked and/or infected with a computer virus. Most often when hacking a hacker is trying to access personal information for illegal purposes. A computer virus can impact the computer system and network, can erase data on the C-drive, cause the user to be unable to open files, delete files, slow down transmission speed, may replicate information and share it with others, and can alter the structure of messages which can be misunderstood. Electronic viruses can be challenging to detect and to clean off of your computer. For a business, cleaning up viruses can be costly. Conclusion In conclusion, electronic communication does present challenges in security and more recently in fraudulent actions using user’s personal information for illegal purposes. The use of the Internet, computer and electronic communication has become widely used for business and personal use. With the advances in computer technology and the rapid increase in different types of electronic communication, this form of interaction will continue to grow in popularity for professional and private use.

Fire Security Protocols and Leadership Effectiveness Proposal

help me with my homework Table of Contents Brief Synopsis Research Problem Aim of Research Research Design and Basic Data Collection Approach Brief Synopsis When developing security and safety management plans, one of the factors that should be taken into consideration is how to manage a fire outbreak. The risk of fire outbreak within a given organization depends on the industry within which a firm operates. Firms handling petrochemicals and other flammable products face greater risk of fire outbreak than those offering products and services where fire and flammable products are not needed. However, it is crucial for every firm to come up with a proper plan of battling fire irrespective of the industry within which it operates. It is not possible to avoid fire outbreaks because sometimes they are caused by external factors. Having such a plan outlines how an emergency response team should react in cases of fire outbreak. Research Problem One of the major risk factors that organizations have to deal with in their normal operations is the threat of fire outbreak. Many factors may cause a fire outbreak, and it is not easy to predict its magnitude and when it will occur. Some organizations fail to understand the significance of fire outbreak and its impact on normal operations. As shown in this dissertation, failing to have a proper fire management protocol can be dangerous for the survival of an organization. A firm should always remain proactive when it comes to managing the threat of fire outbreak. Aim of Research The primary aim of the research is to identify the leadership style that leads to the highest level of proactive risk mitigation in the fire department among different organizations. The paper will also look at the dangers of poor leadership or the lack of it when it comes to effective management of the risk of fire outbreak. It seeks to achieve the following objectives: To determine the impact of fire outbreaks on organizations within North America; To identify the relevance of effective leadership in the management of fire; To determine the most effective leadership style that can enhance proactive risk mitigation in fire departments. Research Design and Basic Data Collection Approach The appropriate research design for this study is mixed method research. Using content and thematic analysis, it will be possible to understand factors that influence effective and proactive fire management in an organizational setting. Using mathematical methods, it will be possible to quantify the magnitude of different factors affecting effective fire management. On the other hand, phenomenology will be useful in explaining specific incidences of fire outbreak in various organizations and how proper leadership and fire management plans made it possible to counter it in the most effective way. Sampling was considered appropriate when collecting data from respondents. Given the limited time within which data had to be collected, analyzed, interpreted, and presented in an acceptable format, it was necessary to have a manageable sample. A sample size of 100 respondents was considered appropriate for the study. Data will be collected from the participants using two approaches. First, a small sample will take part in a phone interview. These participants must be currently living within the country. The second approach will be to use the SurveyMonkey to collect data from a wider sample. The strategy will make it possible to collect data from a wider geographic location. Once data is collected, an analysis will be conducted using the two methods identified above.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Improving Treatments

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Improving Treatments. Summary ALS is a progressive, fatal motoneurone disease, ultimately leading to paralysis and respiratory failure within 3-5 years. There is currently only one FDA-approved drug, Riluzole, but its lack of disease prolongation combined with the aggressive disease nature means identifying new treatments is essential. This review highlights 3 of the most current and promising research areas. Recent Phase 1 Clinical trials have proven safety of stem cell (SC) implantation in humans. Parallel rodent SC models show positive results in both decelerating disease progression and promoting anti-inflammatory neuronal protection. Supplementary use of growth factors also shows potential regarding motoneurone survival and dendrite length in cultures, and survival rates in mouse models. Knockout of glial xC- glutamate anti-porter significantly reduces excessive glutamate levels in neurones by 70%, compared to xC- / microglia. Knockout also reduces levels of pro-inflammatory markers. These findings highlight vital role of xC- system in reducing neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity. Antisense technologies effectively reduced SOD1 protein and mRNA levels, consistent in CSF and brain of SOD1 rodent cortices. This supports SOD1 as a good biomarker for future antisense studies. Overall, there is promising research being conducted. However improvements in clinical trial techniques must be addressed in order to reliably compare findings from future studies, and allow identification of a cure in the future. Summary word count: 213 Introduction Also known as ‘Lou Gehrig’s Disease’, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) involves loss of upper and lower motoneurones from the brainstem and spinal cord. Symptoms progress from difficulty in limb movement to paralysis, and finally respiratory failure, the biggest cause of death in ALS. With a prevalence of approx. 2:100,000 and average onset age of 55 years, death usually occurs 3-5 years after onset. Although first identified in 1869 by Jean-Martin Charcot, there remain no conclusive disease causes. The disease is classified into 2 types: Familial ALS (fALS), the inherited form, is responsible for approx. 10% of all cases. There are a handful of genetic mutations linked to fALS, including: C90RF72, TDP-43, FUS, Ubiquilin-2, and currently most relevant in disease-models, Cu2 /Zn2 Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1). Sporadic (sALS) form comprises the majority of cases, and this unknown nature of the disease makes targeted treatments challenging. Riluzole is currently the only FDA approved treatment for ALS, increasing life expectancy by 2 months. In 2011, ‘Nuedexta’ was also approved as a treatment for pseudobulbar effects in ND diseases. Patients must otherwise rely on palliative care to improve quality of life. This review will focus on the most current and widely researched areas. Proposed mechanisms of disease are beyond the scope of this review, but can be found in a review by Cleveland and Rothstein (2001). Stem Cell Therapy Due to its infamous potential, stem cell (SC) therapy is perhaps the most widely researched treatment area. SC therapy aims to improve symptoms rather than cure the disease, by either targeting re-growth of neurones or promoting their survival. Here we will focus on clinical and pre-clinical SC trials in the last 5 years. Direct neuronal replacement One proposed treatment method is to replace dying motoneurones with SCs. Recent Phase 1 Clinical Trials by Glass et al., (2012) and Feldman et al., (2014) studied the safety of lumbar and cervical SC injections, respectively. Both trials found good patient tolerance and sufficient safety to continue with future trials. Feldman et al. also used histochemical analysis to address concerns over unpredictable SC migration, by highlighting successfully transplanted SCs in spinal cord slices, Figure 1. Figure 1. B) Cross-section of spinal cord highlighting non-native cells C) Close-up shows morphology of cells consistent with pre-implanted SCs, indicative of successful transplantation into spinal cord. [Adapted from Feldman et al., 2014] Despite multiple limitations to the experimental technique, such as absence of a control group, results indicated early SC transplantation has a good chance of slowing disease progression in ALS patients, as 50% of patients showed improvement in 6-15 month post-trial check-ups. The corresponding Phase II Trial commenced in September 2013, and is due for completion this month. Figure 2 shows a previous study by Karussis et al., (2010) where SC injection leads to a significant increase in immune-regulatory cells (CD4 /CD25 ) and an overall decreased immune response. Figure 2. Levels of neuronal cell inflammatory markers following injection of SCs [Adapted from Karussis et al., 2014] Reduction in immune response over 24hrs was in fact greater than seen in immunomodulatory medicines, suggesting additional mode of action for SC therapy. Neuronal survival via growth factor delivery Unsuccessful trials in the late 1990s to treat ALS with growth factors (GFs) prompted further studies into appropriate CNS targeting. Development of the SOD1-mutant rat model allowed Suzuki et al., in 2008, to address these delivery issues in a study using SCs as GF vectors. They found GF delivery to mid-stage SOD1 rodents showed increased neuromuscular connections, and a lifespan increase of 28 days, possibly due to reduced neuronal loss. Viral vectors for trophic factors (TFs) provide an alternative delivery route, and in 2010, Dodge et al., carried out mouse embryonic-SC motoneurone studies in which expression of TFs IGF-1 and VEGF-165 using viral vector, AAV4, allowed successful delivery of TFs to entirety of CNS. This slowed MN decline and increased mouse survival. Figure 3 shows initial culture studies using mouse-derived embryonic motoneurone SCs, showing clear protective action on neurones. Figure 3. A) 70% of motoneurones died in control, GFP-CM, compared to high survival with IGF-1-CM/VEGF-CM. B,C) IGF-1-CM/VEGF-CM treated motoneurones showed increased neurite length and survival rates compared to control. [Image from Dodge et al., 2010] Subsequent mouse studies showed increased survival and decelerated reduction in hindlimb grip-strength and stamina on the rotarod, seen in Figure 4. Figure 4. A,C,E) Mouse studies depicting neuroprotective action of TFs, IGF/VEGF vs control. [Image adapted from Dodge et al., 2010] It is worth noting that combined delivery of both TFs showed no synergistic effect, probably due to their affecting the same pathway. Subsequently, in 2013, Krakora et al., modified human mesenchymal SCs to further investigate synergistic effect of combined GFs. A synergistic effect between GDNF VEGF was seen due to their action on different signalling cascades. This shows promise for future studies into improved neuronal survival. SC conclusions Phase-1 clinical-trials have shown safety of SC injection into CNS with promising, if unreliable, patient outcomes. The mechanism of improvement still unidentified, but hints at inflammatory regulation in neural protection may open an interesting avenue. GF application shows further potential based on rodent/mice studies with a proven effect at slowing disease progression and neuronal loss. SCs make suitable GF vectors as can be made to express/over-express GFs. Combining GF models with SC vectors for targeted delivery requires further exploration. Future trials must consider frequency, dose and administration technique. Neuronal Excitotoxicity Mouse ALS models by Beers et al., (2011) and Liao et al., (2012) indicate microglia conversion from M2 (anti-inflammatory) to M1 (pro-inflammatory) state during disease. Believed to be due to glutamate toxicity, therapeutic work should focus on reducing excessive neuronal glutamate level, and reducing resultant pro-inflammatory response. In 2014, Mesci et al., studied the xC- system; a glial antiporter exchanging cysteine for glutamate release, causing increased neuronal glutamate. The study aimed to show blocking xC- would reduce excessive glutamate release and affect M1/M2 state, to reduce inflammation. xCT (transporter gene) -/- mouse microglial studies demonstrated a significant 70% reduction in glutamate release compared to XC- / . Furthermore, Figure 5 shows significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors in xC- / mice microglia compared to -/-, hinting at a shift towards the M1 microglial phenotype via xC-. Figure 5. A-E) Levels of M1 pro-inflammatory factors in xCT -/- vs / mouse microglia [Image from Mesci et al., 2014] Interestingly, Mesci et al., also noted a 10-fold increase in anti-inflammatory M2 marker levels at pre-symptomatic phase in -/- mice which drops off at disease onset, indicating M1/M2 shift upon disease onset. Encouragingly, -/- microglia showed significant increase in motoneurone survival in -/- vs / microglia, at 45% and 35% survival, respectively. This is indicative of a less neurotoxic environment. Finally, xC- -/- SOD1 mutated mice showed an overall deceleration in disease progression, shown by increased survival rates following advanced disease stage (20% weight loss) in Figure 6. Figure 6. Survival in advanced ALS in xC- / and -/- SOD1 mice Neurotoxicity conclusions These anti-excitotoxicity findings are consistent with the action of Riluzole. Future drugs may target xC- system, however current antagonists are poorly specific and available to brain. Identification of a more suitable antagonist would be a good priority before further clinical trials. Antisense Technologies Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) bind to specific mRNA sequences to cause mRNA degradation. In 2013, Leah et al., conducted studies in SOD1 rodents and human subjects with neurodegenerative diseases. SOD1-targeting ASOs were introduced to subjects to reduce SOD1 levels. They found both SOD1 mRNA and protein fell by 69±4% and 48±14%, respectively, in rodent cortices. Interestingly, this matched reduced protein levels by 42±14% in rodent CSF, indicating CSF levels are a good measure of levels in brain. Unfortuntely, SOD1 cannot be a specific ALS marker due to its presence in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, its observed constant levels over time supports SOD1 as a good biomarker in indicating efficacy of antisense technologies and its effective targeting by ASOs may be useful in measuring brain SOD1 levels via CSF levels in future studies. A Phase 1 Clinical Trial by Miller et al., (2013) to determine safety of single-dose intrathecal injection of ASOs found no safety concerns. However, liver cancer and neuropathy was previously seen in cases of chronic low SOD1 levels (Elchuri et al., 2005), so long-term dosage effects must be carefully monitored. Conclusions This review was restricted to three main research areas, but areas such as susceptibility gene identification, oxidative stress and protein misfolding, are also being explored. Current research shows promise, especially in SOD1 rodent models and positive safety data from Phase 1 Trials. SCs continue to have vast potential, and when combined with GFs have shown encouraging effects on disease progression in rodent models. Reliability of these studies, however, must be improved in order to draw accurate conclusions and compare findings from related studies. Ideally, a ‘standard trial protocol’ should be implemented. Trials must also consider long-term effects of reduced SOD1 levels (in antisense techniques) and immunosuppressant use (with stem cells). Some issues may possibly be alleviated by recent development of new autologous SC models (Meyers et al., 2014). In short, current ALS treatments remain palliative care and Riluzole, but with new developments continuously emerging there is definitely an exciting research landscape ahead. In October 2014, ALSA requested Phase II Trial proposals to accelerate work in this area, meaning that the race is on to find suitable ALS treatment that may help patient prognosis in the future. Word count: 1573 119/09/2016 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Improving Treatments

MKG- wk-4 new consumer product to the market

MKG- wk-4 new consumer product to the market. I’m stuck on a Marketing question and need an explanation.

Choose one of the following two assignments to complete this week. Do not do both assignments. Identify your assignment choice in the title of your submission.
Option #1: Introducing a New Consumer Product to the Market
Put yourself in the position of an entrepreneur who is developing a new product or service to introduce into the market. Briefly describe the product. Then develop the segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategy for marketing the new product. Be sure to discuss:

The overall strategy; why are segmenting, targeting and positioning useful methodologies.
Segmentation and targeting choices
Characteristics of the target market
Why that target market is attractive
The positioning strategy

Provide justifications, in the form of research, for your decisions and reference your textbook and required readings.
Your paper should be two pages in length, not including the title and reference pages,
Option #2: Marketing an Existing Product
Put yourself in the position of a marketer who wants to market an existing product or service. Write a paper explaining how you will remarket your product using a new strategy (branding, promotion, new market, etc.) with a focus on the segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) strategies to company executives to invest in your recommendation.
Be sure to cover the following:

The big picture; why an STP approach is appropriate

How the market may be segmented
Targeting plans; market attractiveness
Positioning strategy utilizing the 4P’s of marketing

Provide justifications, in the form of research, for your decisions and reference your textbook and required readings.
Your paper should be two to three pages in length, not including the title and reference pages,
Rubric
MKG310 Mod 4 CT

MKG310 Mod 4 CT

Criteria
Ratings
Pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRequirements

10.0 to >8.0 ptsMeets ExpectationThe case study paper or presentation includes all the required components, as specified in the assignment.
8.0 to >6.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationIncludes most of the required components, as specified in the assignment.
6.0 to >4.0 ptsBelow ExpectationIncludes some of the required components, as specified in the assignment.
4.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceIncludes few of the required components, as specified in the assignment.

10.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent

30.0 to >24.0 ptsMeets ExpectationDemonstrates strong or adequate knowledge of the materials; correctly represents knowledge from the readings and sources.
24.0 to >18.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationSome significant but not major errors or omissions in demonstration of knowledge.
18.0 to >12.0 ptsBelow ExpectationMajor errors or omissions in demonstration of knowledge.
12.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceFails to demonstrate knowledge of the materials.

30.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCritical Analysis

25.0 to >20.0 ptsMeets ExpectationProvides a strong critical analysis and interpretation of the information given.
20.0 to >15.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationSome significant but not major errors or omissions in analysis and interpretation.
15.0 to >10.0 ptsBelow ExpectationMajor errors or omissions in analysis and interpretation.
10.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceFails to provide critical analysis and interpretation of the information given.

25.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSources / Examples

10.0 to >8.0 ptsMeets ExpectationSources or examples meet required criteria and are well chosen to provide substance and perspectives on the issue under examination.
8.0 to >6.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationSources or examples meet required criteria but are less than adequately chosen to provide substance and perspectives on the issue under examination.
6.0 to >4.0 ptsBelow ExpectationSources or examples meet required criteria but are poorly chosen to provide substance and perspectives on the issue under examination.
4.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceSource or example selection and integration of knowledge from the course is clearly deficient.

10.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDemonstrates college-level proficiency in organization, grammar and style.

10.0 to >8.0 ptsMeets ExpectationProject is clearly organized, well written, and in proper format, as outlined in the assignment. Strong sentence and paragraph structure; few errors in grammar and spelling.
8.0 to >6.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationProject is fairly well organized and written and is in proper format, as outlined in the assignment. Reasonably good sentence and paragraph structure; significant number of errors in grammar and spelling.
6.0 to >4.0 ptsBelow ExpectationProject is poorly organized; does not follow proper paper format. Inconsistent to inadequate sentence and paragraph development; numerous errors in grammar and spelling.
4.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceProject is not organized or well written and is not in proper paper format. Poor quality work; unacceptable in terms of grammar and spelling.

10.0 pts

This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDemonstrates proper use of APA style

10.0 to >8.0 ptsMeets ExpectationProject contains proper APA formatting, according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA, with no more than one significant error.
8.0 to >6.0 ptsApproaches ExpectationFew errors in APA formatting, according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA, with no more than two to three significant errors.
6.0 to >4.0 ptsBelow ExpectationSignificant errors in APA formatting, according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA, with four to five significant errors.
4.0 to >0 ptsLimited EvidenceNumerous errors in APA formatting, according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA, with more than five significant errors.

10.0 pts

Total Points: 95.0

PreviousNext
MKG- wk-4 new consumer product to the market