Table of Contents Roles in Hazard Planning Analysis Conclusion References In emergency management, the roles of both private and public sectors are considered important and dependent on each other. Public charities such as the Red Cross have a long history of disaster relief and management and worked together with governmental organizations to offer services of recovery. Importantly, most of the people in society are aware of the efforts that many public organizations implement in relieving the impact of disasters; the role of for-profit contractors is not that obvious despite being as important. Thus, understanding the roles of private and public sector organizations in disaster mitigation and preparedness is considered essential. In the current exploration, the identification of organizations’ roles in hazard mitigation will be presented. Besides, different roles in private and public sectors when it comes to addressing the adverse impact of hazardous situations on the public and the environment. Roles in Hazard Planning In regards to the roles that both public and private organizations play in hazard mitigation, it should be mentioned that they participate in preparedness, early response, and long-term recovery. First, the private sector usually considers “what they need to do to survive a disaster or emergency, as outlined in their business continuity plans” (Chandra, Moen,
Chapter 1: Introduction Barcode systems are being used in different area fields, including tracking area, services area, retails area, security area and also advertising area. Barcode is a machine-readable representation of data that contain information which encodes in a series of black bars of various size and white space between every two of them according to specific barcode symbologies to present the information. Barcode was replacing human typing with faster, error-free and more reliable method of gathering the data. Most of the businesses are applying barcode system in their business transactions bringing a lot of benefits for the work such like make the work more efficiency and accuracy, reduce errors, quality control and so on. At the below will simply go through the benefits of barcode system in business environment. Efficiency and Accuracy Barcodes system enables the users work faster such like scanned the items was improve the data entry speed. Besides that, users can produce more accurate report or information by using barcodes. Reduces Errors Barcodes system can reduce the human data entry errors where the users no need entry data one by one and will save the time and make the work more consistency. Quality Control Users can use barcode system to keep track the item’s level or stock records and the users no need to perform the monthly or annual stock checking. 1.1 Complete Barcode System A complete set of barcode system will include a computer, barcode software, barcode scanners, barcode printers and barcode labels (Jones, 2009). The barcode software that used to create the barcode has various types that are according to the operating system that is used on the computer. Users need to take note for the important information when choosing the barcode software, which needs to be highly specific and selected according to the application. Most of the people will confused with barcode symbology and barcode label. Barcode symbology is a language that encoding the data into a barcode format whereas barcode label is a label that carrying a barcode. More information about barcode symbology will further be discussed at the coming pages. There are various types of barcode printers which are dot matrix printer, ink jet printer, laser printer, thermal transfer printer and direct thermal printer. Users need to have a basic understanding and knowledge of barcode symbology and how each print technology produces them. Besides that, many types of barcode scanners available on today market which are pen type scanner, laser scanner, fixed-mount scanner, charged coupled device (CCD) scanner and 2D scanner. Further details for the barcode scanner will discuss at coming pages. Chapter 2: Usability for Barcode Usability can mean as different things to different people. In the international standard, usability has been define by the ISO 9241-11 as the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. Steven, Margaret and Jason (2009) stated that the point-of-sale (POS), mobile information gathering and security applications also are the areas of used barcode. In advertisements, barcode was used on business cards or e-tickets and also used for referencing to web-pages. (Tobias and Oliver, 2007) Barcode was used in various types of advertising media like commercial posters, magazines and even television or Web ads. For a wide range of topics, it not limited IT-related products. (Alexandre, 2009) According to Sherin and Salem, (2007), most of the industrial products for automatic identification in data collection and the products control purpose have been extensive used barcode system. Rajesh (2008) also mentioned that the application of barcode technology in a library or information center is the most successful due its accuracy, reliability and speed. In the business environment, barcode system was widely used in different fields or area. Based on the researcher’ comments above, advertisement is the fields that mostly used the barcode system, but the author’s opinion is the industrial products field where is the most that using the barcode system. Example like supermarket or warehouse that using barcode system to checks the inventory level and also organizing different types of product. Chapter 3: Barcode Symbologies Barcode symbologies or also called barcode standard which is the language that used to represent the data and information. Code can either in numeric-only or alphanumeric. There have many different types of symbologies for barcode system and used in many different business fields such as Universal Product Code (UPC), Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF), and Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) and so on. Each types of barcode are has their unique pattern of bars and spaces to represent the various characters and numbers. According to Lynn (2010), more than 300 types of barcode symbologies are currently used in the whole world. C:UsersJayDesktopUntitled.jpg Example of barcode attributes Quite Zone Quite zone is an area which allocated on the left and right of the barcode symbol and it is free of printing. The quite zone is included as part of the symbol and it is necessary for barcode symbol to be read reliable. Besides that, this area provides time for the barcode scanner to adjust to the measurement of each barcode in the message. Start and stop characters The start and stop characters is a unique character which located at the most left and most right of the barcode symbol. These characters provide reading instruction for the barcode scanner to let it know when to start or when to stop reading. Both characters also allow to be read bi-directionally. Data Characters Data characters also called as “message characters” which contain the encoded information and appear after the start character. Data characters are the information which sent to the barcode printer to print and barcode scanner will decoded the information. Checksum Checksum also called as “check character or check digit”. The purpose of checksum is want to ensure that the barcode symbol is accurately decoded, scanned and read correctly by performing a mathematical check. X-dimension The X-dimension is the dimension of the narrowest bar or space in the barcode and usually stated in millimeters. Barcode symbol usually specify a minimum value to ensure compatibility between reading and printing equipment. Besides that, X-dimension determines barcode density which refers to the amount of information that can be decoded in the barcode in a particular space. 3.1 Usage of Barcode Symbologies C:UsersJayDesktopseminarUPC.jpg Example Universal Product Code 3.1.1 Universal Product Code (UPC) Universal Product Code (UPC) is the most common code which is numeric-only code and content 12 digits number in the code. 2 digits are on lower left and right corner are the number system and a check digit. The first 5 lower middle digits is manufacturer number and last 5 lower middle digits is product number that will created by manufacturer to assign a unique code for each product. Universal Product Code (UPC) is the common code basically used in retail trade and is standardization that allows a lot of organizations to construe the same data throughout the globe. (Rajesh, 2008) Weinstein (2006) mentioned that the possibility of using a Universal Product Code (UPC) to record the home food inventory of the families which limited-resource. Universal Product Code (UPC) that provides an efficient, accurate and comprehensive method for conduct home food inventory intended to describe the household nutrient supply. (Byrd and Carl, 2010) Through the researched above, although home food inventory field is widely using the Universal Product Code (UPC), but the tracking retail field is the area which more common and widely been used because Universal Product Code (UPC) is a small barcode symbol and is suit in this field. Example Code Interleaved 2 0f 5 3.1.2 Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) is a code that support numeric-only and it can encodes two digits, one is in the bars and one is in space. This code only can encode any even number of the digits and if the number of digit is odd, users need to add a leading zero. Brian (2009) mentioned that the warehousing application and production field have relied on Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) Besides that, Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) is one of the codes that are normally used in the industry field and only can encode number. (Aarnisalo, et. al., 2007) Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) is a code that encodes packaging level and the trade number is the most common approach using in warehouses. (Hiroko, et al., 2010) According the report of Jensen (2007), Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) is common used in shipping cartons. Based on the researched above, inventories and warehouses field are popular using Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF). As author know that, Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF) is a symbology which very compact and only record number to represent the data and information. Thus, this code also used in many fields such as shipping industrial, airline ticketing, medical field and so on. 3.1.3 Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) is one of the common barcode use in nowadays and it can support both numbers and characters. This code is a special character because an asterisk (*) which is used on beginning and end of the code will created automatically and will not be included in the input data. Wheeler (2010) mentioned that Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) is the most popular code and is widely used in health field, manufacturing field and even in military field. Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) is one of the oldest symbologies that widely used in industry. (Dempsey, 2006) Hiroko, et al., (2010) stated that Code 39 is mandated for some automotive industries and also in industry sector. Besides that, for product identification at all levels packaging that can be created using Code 39 as a unique product number. Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) is suitable for the automotive industry but usually this code not recommended use in slab mill. (Walt Arth and Anderson, 2009) As suggested in the above literature, Dempsey (2006), Hiroko, et al., (2010) and Walt Arth and Anderson (2009) have the same evaluation for Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) which is numerous used in industry field, especially in automotive industry. Because of this code can consists simple and reliable reading result, therefore it was the most popular code and can be found on the market today. However, Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) not only use in industry field, it also support on medical, manufacturing field and military field as Wheeler (2010) mentioned above. 3.1.4 Code 128 Code 128 can support all alphanumeric and numeric only and as Wheeler (2010) stated that, it has 106 different bar and space pattern and each of the pattern can have one of three different meanings. Code 128 becomes more and more popular compare to others and it was heavily used in today for all the business fields. Dempsey (2006) mentioned that Code 128 is popular because it is one of the densest linear symbologies and it was used for identifying blood products. Code 128 can encode alphanumeric characters and is common used in the shipping industry. (Maria and Ramon, 2010) Based on the report of Brian (2009), retail and airline tickets area usually use Code 128 for their business operation. Moreover, Jerry (2005) stated that the shipping industry was widely using Code 128 because it is a compact symbology. In conclusion, beside the researched above, Code 128 can used in many fields such like shipping industry, retail and airline ticket and so on because Code 128 was a most compact code compare to Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) and Interleaved 2 of 5 (ITF). Therefore, as author opinion, Code 128 may is one of the best choice for the barcode users because Code 128 can support all alphanumeric and numeric only. 3.1.5 Differences between 1D Barcode Technology and 2D Barcode Technology 1D barcode or also called as “linear barcode” is encode data in one-dimension means horizontally only. This kind of barcode is normally seen in today market such as Code 128, Code 39 (Code 3 of 9) and so on. It already discussed at previous topic. Two-dimensional barcode (2D barcode) also called as “area barcode” which encode data in horizontally and vertically and it is an advanced type of barcode which can store more data and contain more details information compare with 1D barcode. At the below table will further explain the differences between 1D barcode and 2D barcode. 1D barcode only can store small amount of data and it usually contains about 30 characters. (Michelle, 2007) Besides that, 1D barcode also can only encode the data information in numbers and English characters. However, 2D barcode is totally different than 1D barcode because 2D barcode can store the entire database and can contain at least 2,000 characters. (Michelle, 2007) 2D barcode also can encode many type of data information such as URL, SMS, email address and even though different type languages like Chinese or Japanese. (Nok, 2009) Additional, one of the weaknesses of 1D barcode is cannot be scanned and decoding data if poorly printed or damaged. But, because of 2D barcode consist of an error correction formula, so that 2D barcode can be scanned and decoding data although the barcode is damaged. (Rodnay, 2010) From the above literature, features of 2D barcode are stronger than 1D barcode. 2D barcode can bring a lot of benefits for an organization. Based on the statement of Michelle (2007), although the deploy costs of 2D barcode are more expensive, but still cheaper than RFID technology. In conclusion, 1D barcode still is the ideal choice because this barcodes are very common in the world and easy to print. The major issues of 2D barcode are the 2D barcode scanners are much more expensive than 1D barcode scanners and the costs for print a 2D barcode is not that cheaper. Chapter 4: Barcode Scanner Barcode scanner is a common used input device and it also called as “barcode reader” which consists of a light source, photo conductor and a lens. Barcode scanner is integrated with a decoder to decode the barcode and all the information on barcode will show to the computer screen and it consists of many types which including pen type scanner, fixed-mount scanner, omnidirectional scanner, laser scanner, CCD scanner and so on. Other than that, barcode scanner normally used in the areas which consist of large number of stock such like in grocery store, library, industrial and so on. Mostly the success of barcode system in an organization is depending on which equipment are choosing. By choosing a proper barcode scanner must matched to the application and types of barcode symbologies being used in order to achieve accuracy, speed, reliability and make the work successful. Ayaz (2010) was mentioned that by using the barcode scanners can make the task of reading information on items ten time fasters than a person entering information by hand. Thus, users should choosing a suitable barcode scanner which match with their business process and operation. Besides that, various types of barcode scanners was uses in various fields such like retail, warehouse, healthcare, distribution, security purpose and so on. Therefore, at the below will discuss about the major types of barcode scanners characteristic and suitable uses in which fields. 4.1 Barcode Scanner Types C:UsersJayDesktopimages.jpg Example Pen Type Scanner 4.1.1 Pen Type Scanner Pen type scanner also called as “wand type scanner” and it outlook alike a pen shaped. It consists of a light of source and a photodiode that are placed at the top of a pen. Besides that, prices of pen type scanner are a tenth of laser scanner prices and about a fifth of CCD scanner prices. (Brule, 2010) But the weakness of pen type scanner is it must position correctly while scanning the barcode then only can read successfully. Follow the statement of Windham (2010) was stated that for those require running around in large warehouse or large store, use pen type scanner is more convenient because it can fit in pocket and also easy to carry. Davek (2009) mentioned that pen type scanner still quite common used in libraries field. Other than that, Robinson (2010) mentioned that pen type scanner is easy to use and popular used at grocery store because the users can scan the small or medium sized items as quickly as possible. Moreover, Pen type scanner is much easier use in sales order entry catalog. (Michelle, 2005) According to the researched above, it can conclude that pen type scanner was used in a lot of fields because of it less expensive and easy to use. But for the author’s opinion, pen type scanner is suitable use in small business environment which no need scan items frequently. C:UsersJayDesktop索引.jpg Example Laser Scanner 4.1.2 Laser Scanner Laser scanner is the most popular and latest barcode scanner used in nowadays market and it use laser beam as a light of source to scan across the barcode. The brightness and sharpness of laser scanner will offer greater accurately and visibility when scan a barcode and it suitable for long range and high density scanning. Laser Scanner is the best choice for the patient care field because it will minimize the need to reposition the patients while scanning an identification tag which wear on patient’s hand. (Brandon, 2005) Rodney (2010) was mentioned that the laser scanner is the most popular scanning technology in the industry because it available used in long range or high density scanning. Based to the report of Brule (2010) was stated that the laser scanner also widely used in grocery stores where the cashier used the scanner and scan the items. Besides that, Thomas (2010) mentioned the laser scanner is very popular used in retail and healthcare industrial because it can read any angel. In conclusion, laser scanner is one of the popular barcode scanners which widely used in many fields especially in healthcare fields. However, as the author’s opinion, mostly the grocery stores or supermarket such like Giant, Carrefour, and Tesco are used the laser scanner in their cashiers. C:UsersJayDesktopimages CCD.jpg Example CCD (Charge Couple Device) Scanner 4.1.3 Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Scanner It also called as “linear imager scanner” which consists of an array of tiny light sensors that placed at the top of the scanner. Furthermore, Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner can read poorly or damaged printed barcodes and also can read the barcodes under plastic film or covering. However, based on the report of Jones (2010), there is a statement which mentioned that the CCD scanner cost is lower than pen type scanner where already refute the point of view of Brule (2010). Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner consists of an array of small sensors which placed at the top of scanner and it was widely used in sales applications. (Aarti, 2010) Besides, Jhonson (2007) also stated that Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner is frequently used in retail sales because of it has a better read range compare than pen type scanner Moreover, Thomas (2010) was mentioned that the Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner is the ideal for office use because of it compact size and lightweight. Besides, from the report of Davies (2009), the magnetic strip on the back of credit or debit card that can read by Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner. Other than that, employee shift tracking and security purpose fields also used Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner to run its task. Based on the above literature, Charge coupled device (CCD) scanner was popular used in many fields because of it can read the barcode in worst environment. Besides that, not all the CCD scanner are expensive than pen type scanner and based on author’s opinion, CCD scanner will major use in sales application fields because of it can read poor and damage printed barcode. C:UsersJayDesktop2D imaging scanner.jpg Example 2D Image Scanner 4.1.4 Two-Dimensional Image Scanner Two-Dimensional (2D) image scanner is the latest barcode scanner and it also called as “camera based scanner”. 2D image scanner is the advanced digital image processing techniques which can capture and read both 1D and 2D barcode. It contains a small digital camera in the scanner and can directly capture the image of the barcode. Other than that, 2D image scanner is uses the same technology with CCD scanner, the different is 2D image scanner consist of hundreds of light sensors in two dimensional arrays. According to the report of Windham (2010) was mentioned that the 2D image scanner is used in wholesale or retail distribution. Besides that, 2D image scanner offers same speed and accuracy than others types barcode scanners and it is an ideal of healthcare, shipping field, military and also manufacturing fields. (Plano, 2010) Moreover, Smith (2010) stated that the medical fields especially medical professionals are used the 2D scanner for accuracy and integrity of medical records. In conclusion, based on the research above, 2D scanner is used in many fields especially in healthcare or medical fields. Therefore, as author’s opinion, 2D scanner is suitable use in the fields which emphasis on security or in huge company which needed speedy work processes because 2D scanner can scan more secure barcode symbology and will increase the data accuracy compare to other types barcode scanners. Chapter 5: Compare Barcode system with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Before compare barcode system with RFID, let’s simply go through about what is RFID. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method and it does like barcode system require using line of sight for communication, RFID was using wireless, which is radio wave to communication between the RFID reader and the small chips tag. The diagram at below is show about how the RFID work. The RFID reader will launches the radio signal to active the tag to read and write data on it. Besides that, RFID reader also will decode the tag and the data which encode in the tag will transmit to the computer for processing. C:UsersJayDesktopRFID.jpg Barcode system and RFID that have the same technology it called auto identification that is used to identify objects, humans or animals. Both of them are perform the data collection technology to reduce the human errors and make the work more efficiency. Wyld (2006) mentioned that even thought the barcode system and RFID are from the same technology family, but they have many differentials. At the below will discuss about the differences between barcode system and RFID such like different in costs, environment consideration, and security and so on. 5.1 Costs Majority users will concern about the costs of barcode system or RFID. It is because they may affect the revenue and productivity of the company or organization. McCathie (2010) stated that the cost of the barcode is cheaper than RFID, although the costs of RFID are expected to drop significantly. Barcode are typically cheaper than RFID even in high quantity. (Aguilar, van der Putten and Maguire, 2007) Moreover, RFID was high cost compare with barcode system, only when the RFID cost drop to acceptable level, it may replace the existing barcode system. (Jung-Yin Chein, et. al. 2006) From the report of Bellian (2009), barcode or RFID which one will costs more is depend on the operation and processes of the work. However, according to the report of Roberti (2009) was mentioned that when collection the data information needed, barcode would costs more than RFID because barcode need to maintain high inventory accuracy like more labors are needed to scanning the barcode compare with RFID where already refute the point of view of McCathie (2010), Aguilar, van der Putten and Maguire (2007) and Jung-Yin Chein, et. al. (2006) In the business environment, mostly all the people will common say that the barcode are cheaper than RFID like the researchd above. But whether barcode or RFID are expensive, it is depend on the work operation and the labor needed. Example for the work which is only use for item-level identification or the liquids and metals are part of the equation in process manufacturing, barcode is the better solution. Otherwise, for the bulk or the item on a pallet, RFID is the better solution because it can eliminate the need of open and scan one by one for those the each item in a pallet. 5.2 Privacy and Security Privacy and security protection of data is the biggest concern of barcode system or RFID. Every barcode system or RFID should be secure enough to be used to prevent certain important private and confidential data leakages. Modrak and Knuth (2008) mentioned that RFID are more difficult to replicate than barcodes because it electronic is more complex. RFID have encryption or password protection for the data and it’s more difficult to duplicate compare with barcodes where it can be easily copied. (Bellian, 2010) Through the report of Aguilar, van der Putten and Maguire (2007), the security for barcode will more weak because although the data on the barcode could be encrypted, but when using commercial tools, there is no protection to prevent the barcode data from being copied. For the RFID, it allow more complex forms of data protection and will more difficult to duplicate compare with barcode. Other than that, Barcode can be duplicated and forged compare to RFID, it can be encrypted. (Jung-Yin Chein, et. al. 2006) According to the researched above, RFID are more secure and safety than barcodes because it not easy to duplicate or copy and the data form are more complex to create than barcodes. For using either is barcodes or RFID, it is depend on how important of the item and the data whether privacy or not. If just a normal item and not that important such like some inventory products, barcode is the better solution. But if the item is very important like human or animal privacy details or the data that is private and confidential, RFID is better solution because it more secures compare with barcodes. 5.3 Capability Most of the users are based on the suitability and limitations of barcode system or RFID to gain more knowledge and understanding to compare that which one is available to use in their working environment and operation. According the report of Stephan (2006), barcodes are limited space which typically only simple identifiers and which can read-only. But for RFID, which can substantial amount of data storage, have unique identifiers and can read and rewrite. Once printed, barcode cannot be modified and need to re-printed for new information. But for RFID, it has re-writeable functionality to be written multiple times and allows information to be modified. Besides that, barcodes are only can scanned one at a time but RFID can be scanned continuously up to hundred RFID per time. (Aguilar, van der Putten and Maguire, 2007) For the structure, RFID are unbreakable because it is in firmly encapsulated compare to barcodes, it is paper quality and easily broken. Furthermore, RFID have a large data storage space but barcode only have small. (Jung-Yin Chein, et. al. 2006) Bellian (2010) mentioned that the memory capabilities of barcodes is static, it can read-only and consist of limited data capacity. Compare to barcodes, the memory capabilities of RFID is dynamic, it consists of high capacity that can read, write, update and others actions. In conclusion, the capability of RFID is better than barcodes in many ways such like capacity or data storage space, read rates, re-write property and so on. As a user may need a better capability that will make their work operation more efficiency and accuracy, RFID is the solution. But, the most important for choosing a better solution is not only depend the capability, still have a lot of ways need to consider such as company budget, work processes and operation requirement, item of use and so on. 5.4 Environmental Interference Environment interference also is one of the major concerns where the barcode system or RFID in the environment which full of interference, it may affect the work efficiency and accuracy. Users need to make sure their working environment is suitable for barcode or RFID. (Jung-Yin Chein, et. al. 2006) was mentioned that barcodes will easily interfere by harsh environment than RFID which not that easy been affected. Barcodes will easy affected in the dirt environment compare with RFID which are low environmental susceptibility. (Modrak and Knuth, 2008) According to Bellian (2010), obstruction from dirty or ripped may affected the barcodes that cannot be scanned. Furthermore, RFID will be interfering by metal and liquids which will interfere with some frequencies. Barcodes must be relatively clean to make scanning easy. Harsh environment such as fog, dirt and rain will totally affected the barcode scanned. Compare to barcodes, RFID ability to withstand harsh environments, it can be read through almost all non-metallic materials and survive in very high temperature and harsh demands. (McCathie, 2010) From on the researched above, barcode and RFID have their environmental susceptibility which needs the users to prevent it. Example like as we know that, every time when an item which take out from fridge, sure will appear steam that make the barcode hard to be scanned by the reader. Besides that, RFID also will faced this issue where have metal and liquids interference and cause it difficult to be detected. Therefore, whether is using barcodes or RFID, it is depend on used of places and the solution that can reduce the issue to minimize and won’t bring huge affect to the business operation. Chapter 6: Conclusion Barcode system is a common and popular technology which was widely used in many different fields and was help a lot of companies to increase their business process and productivity. Other than that, barcode symbology was consists of many different types of symbologies and the most popular is Universal Product Code (UPC) which been used in different fields. But, author was suggest the users choosing Code 128 because it support all alphanumeric and numeric only which already mentioned at above discussion. Besides that, barcode scanner also consists of various types. By choosing a suitable barcode scanner is depend on the users use in what environment. Author suggests that if the user only use in small business, pen type scanner is a better solution and if the user use in the business environment which focuses on security, 2D scanner is a better solution. But, precondition is the user also using 2D barcode symbology. At last, although the RFID features are more advanced and strength than barcode system, but it still
Discussion. I’m studying for my Computer Science class and need an explanation.
Subject : – Data Mining
1. DISCUSSION ON MISSING DATA
What would you do if data in time series is missing – how would you deal with the missing values?
2.How realistic are artificial neural network?
How realistic the artificial neural networks (ANN) are? Or, are they capable of working in human brain fashion with the increase of computational power or not? Why do you think so? Intro to ANN to help discussion: ANN at tutorial points
Discussion
This assignment provides students with an opportunity to summarize the information about crime patterns and trends presented in the textbook, construct an argument regarding the importance of this information, and then apply the information in the generation of new ideas for crime reduction. Summarize in your own words the 1. crime trends and patterns that were discussed in your textbook. 2. Then, formulate an argument for how this information can help inform society’s efforts to reduce crime. 3. Support your argument with at least five specific examples of how you would recommend applying the data in an effort to reduce the amount of crime in society.
Family Welfare and Divorce Policies Essay
Comparison of well-to-do and financially deprived families Wealth distribution affects the relationships between family members, as well as their interactions with other members of the society (Cohen 117). A family of one of my school friend can be classified as the middle class one, perhaps, being in the upper percentile of the specified group (Cohen 124). The family has two children, including my friend and his older sister. The parents work as a lawyer in a private company and a chief financial officer in a large organization. Their children went to a public school to enroll in a college afterward, and they own a house and two cars. Compared to the family described above, the one to which another friend of mine belongs is on the other side of the wealth distribution scale. The specified family can be regarded as the lower class one (Cohen 125). There are three children in the family, including my friend, his younger brother, and his elder sister. College is not an option for either of them due to the inability to take a student loan. The family rents a flat in a socially and economically unstable neighborhood. The parenting practices are also quite different in each case. The single mother in the low-class family cares for her children, yet she has to work two jobs to support them and thus does not have much time to spend with them. Although the parents from the first family are also very busy, the children receive enough attention and have regular family time in the evening. As a result, the levels of concerted cultivation are much higher in the first family. The social capital is also different in both cases, each family communicating primarily with the people of their class (Cohen 137). Therefore, while the children from both families have enough potential in terms of their skill sets, the life chances of the middle-class family are much higher than the ones of the children from the low-class family. The phenomenon described above corresponds directly to the expectations that the textbook discussion has set. Marriage culture and divorce policies The persistent nature of disposability as it pertains to the modern society might seem as entirely negative, yet there are nuances to the specified discussion. On the one hand, the threat of relationships and marriage being viewed as something insignificant due to loose divorce policies may become rather high. On the other hand, by making divorce policies more rigid, one may create the environment in which the levels of well-being will drop, and the rates of family violence will increase (Cohen 12). Particularly, people may feel desperate and even depressed after realizing that they made a choice that cannot be reversed and will affect them until the end of their life, hence the increased aggression. It seems that the general problem of the specified discussion stems from the poor cause-and-effect connection between the factors under analysis. Current policies allow people to get married and divorce easier than the previous regulations did, yet these regulations do not force people to separate. The choice to separate hinges on the relationships within a family, economic issues, financial concerns, and a range of other factors that affect people’s relationships (Cohen 26). Making divorce harder to obtain will not absolve people from making mistakes when choosing to get married; instead, it will only make their life miserable if their marriage turns out to be unsustainable. Making it harder to get married will not resolve the problem since it will fail to shift the focus to what is important – a careful analysis of essential issues that a married couple will have to confront at some point. Therefore, it is recommended to scrutinize the social and cultural factors that affect people’s marriage-related choices. As a result, a married couple will avoid a range of unexpected problems that will affect their relationships and may ultimately destroy their marriage. The specified change can occur once government- or community-sponsored marriage courses are provided for couples to educate themselves and learn to handle social, economic, and emotional issues together (Cohen 13). Thus, a positive outcome can be expected. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More Work Cited Cohen, Philip N. The Family Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change. 2nd ed., Norton, 2018.
Earth Sciences homework help
help me with my homework Earth Sciences homework help. Control Implementation- AssignmentControlling is the final function of management. Its purpose is to create ways to monitor and track the progress of goals. This means that the activities in controlling have a very close relationship to the decisions made in planning. For this course project assignment, you will be using a template to track and measure the goals you created in the planning portion of the course project. In order to complete this assignment, you will need to revise the two SMART goals you created previously, and then design control methods for them.1)ÿÿÿÿÿ Download the control template in the resources section below and address the following:Improve and revise the goals you created previously. (Each page template will be used to evaluate one of your SMART goals.) Fill out the chart, giving basic information about each goal.Explain the system that you will create to track each goal.Demonstrate an understanding of your obligation to complete this goal with the given time frame.Develop and identify adjustments that can be made if the business is falling behind in achieving this SMART goal.An example has been provided below the template. It will provide some guidance on how the final product should look.Finalizing Your Course ProjectIn addition to completing this control implementation assignment, you will also submit each previous part of your course project. The previous submissions should be revised based on the feedback you received over the course.**I uploaded my Company Creation and Environmental Analysis and Goal Setting assignments. I listed below the feedback from my instructor for each. I need these two assignments to be edited as well to reflect his feedback.**Company Creation- FeedbackYou did an excellent job with the preparation of your slides presenting the appropriate information. The company was described well. The management function selected (control) works well with your plan. In fact, all of them are important. Remember that the presentation is for investors who need to make a decision. Make sure that you expand on details about what actually makes your company unique from the others. Including data (how many people will you serve? Employ? Cash in hand? Investment you seek?) to make a decision adds value and help create an idea of the return on investment. Overall, a great job and meeting the requirements well. Keep up the great work. 96.67%Environmental Analysis and Goal Setting-FeedbackYou did an excellent job developing the SWOT analysis for your company. A SWOT Analysis is a planning tool to evaluate what a project or other business will cause. This is a great tool to make sure everything has been thought of during the planning stage of the business or project. The two SMART goals for your company were missing. Keep up the great work. 80%As I was missing my two SMART goals from previous assignment, I need this to be created in order to be able to do the Control Implementation Assignment. I have attached the control template that needs to be used for my two SMART goals. 1 template per goal. I also attached an example of the control template.Earth Sciences homework help
CHIN 3062 Dalhousie University Lu Xuns A Madmans Diary Discussion Response
CHIN 3062 Dalhousie University Lu Xuns A Madmans Diary Discussion Response.
Outline:You need to write three paragraphs:Paragraph 1: ComprehensionParagraph 2: ReflectionParagraph 3: ApplicationFocus (all three paragraphs): This applies to all three paragraphs. Your writing should be clear and focused. It should have a strong flow of ideas. Every sentence serves a purpose.Elaboration (all paragraphs): Your response should be fully developed with examples and details. That is, Your response is supported with strong supporting details and examples. For paragraph one, you need to provide details and examples from the story. For paragraph two, you need to provide detailed explanations for your reflection. You need to explain clearly why you think so / why you feel this way. For paragraph three, you need to provide details and examples from the world/life around you.In sum, your answer must show your comprehension, reflection, and application. Also, the length requirement for the in class reader’s response is 3 paragraphs, 3-4 pages; double spaced.
CHIN 3062 Dalhousie University Lu Xuns A Madmans Diary Discussion Response
University of Central Arkansas Social Ecological Model & COVID 19 Essay
University of Central Arkansas Social Ecological Model & COVID 19 Essay.
I’m working on a health & medical question and need a sample draft to help me understand better.
The Social Ecological Model is a highly used model in public health and health promotion to explain the relationship between numerous factors (personal, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence health behavior (see the logic model of the Social Ecological Model in Blackboard). COVID-19 is a pandemic that is affecting many people, of different social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Using the Social Ecological Model, discuss how the five levels (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organizational, and public policy) may be influencing how people are responding in either a healthy or unhealthy way to the pandemic. How do the five different levels of the model influence things like COVID prevention, COVID treatment, government involvement, testing…etc. You should be able to find and read about COVID research and the number of different factors that are influencing people’s choices about how they are responding to the virus. In 3-5 pages, discuss the relationship between the Social Ecological Model and COVID-19. Make sure that you follow APA guidelines for your short 3-page review. This means including a title page, using proper citations throughout your paper, and including a reference page. If you are not familiar with APA guidelines, I would recommend reviewing the APA guideline manual, reading about them online and/or visiting the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) website. The following will be used to grade you on this assignment (rubric available for review in Bb):Issue Recognition: Recognition of various issues that affect well-being and their interconnections in complex contexts. The interconnections of issues in complex contexts refers to the obvious and subtle connections between/among the sub-parts or situational conditions of a scenario that bring two or more dilemmas/issues into the problem (e.g., relationship of health screenings to increased health care costs).Analysis of Knowledge: the ability to extend discipline-based knowledge to decision making and/or develop a recommended course of action based on discipline specific knowledge.Impact of Decisions: The consequences—positive or negative—of decisions on the well-being of self, others, society and/or environment(s).For more information about the Social Ecological Model, check out this website. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-buffalo-environmentalhealth/part/chapter-3/This assignment will be graded using the RLA rubric which is attached. It is highly recommended that you use the rubric while crafting your paper.
University of Central Arkansas Social Ecological Model & COVID 19 Essay