Florida State College at Jacksonville Value Stream and Your Organization Using The PEMM Scorecard Paper

Design Factors Affecting Building Maintenance

Design Factors Affecting Building Maintenance. The factors of design which will influence the levels of future maintenance of public buildings and works. 1. Introduction Maintenance of public buildings is concern for the continuous development and preservation of the major infrastructure systems such as public and private-owned buildings within the county which includes janitorial services, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, electrical, landscaping, and lawn care services. Public works, on the other hand, deals with safeguarding of sewer, solid waste, drainage and parks, etc. Both public buildings and works are grouped together and represented by the County Administrator. Their activities are inter-connected and require cross-departmental and pre-maintenance coordination. As the community grows constantly with time, the challenge facing the public buildings and works department at the County Council is to provide and maintain the above adequate infrastructure and facilities regularly. Assuring and completing maintenance to keep pace with concurrency requirements for a variety of works continues to be a huge problem for the County. The County has historically been unable to keep up with the need of society within its premises. Although the public works is still partially funded by the UK Government, the County’s Public Works Trust Fund (PWTF) loans remained at near high record levels. In this report, we will be discussing the design factors influencing the levels of maintenance of public buildings and works. 2. Different levels of maintenance for public works at different zones The County has tried to maintain a uniform and consistent level of maintenance throughout, for example, the more important and prominent landscaped areas and parks around public and private-owned buildings. Under County Council regulations, it can only use funds collected from neighbourhood property owners and private agencies within a zone for costs associated directly and within that specified zone. In some zone areas, the evaluations allowed by law have not been sufficient to pay for basic maintenance costs, so essentially, some zones have been less funded for maintenance coverage. This is especially true when considering the costs necessary to replace dying plants and trees, replace or repair vandalized equipment or renovate older parks and irrigation systems [1] Decisions for funding in certain zones were based on mailed ballots while others were not in favour of paying for extra maintenance and repair covers. Therefore, in order to keep the maintenance budget balanced, cuts and reductions have been made in the frequency and type of maintenance being performed in each of the under-funded zones. Essentially, the maintenance levels (or standards) are different as a result of the variance in available funds. Property owners and agencies will continue to see a difference in the levels of maintenance being provided throughout the various zones in the County. The Council has developed priorities for services that most affect the community, particularly when budgets are tight. In those zones where funding is not sufficient to pay for all of the maintenance required, the County Council has set the following levels of maintenance: low, medium and high, based on maintenance priorities: (i) safety items considered first and primary, (ii) keeping parks safe, open and available to the public, (ii) responding to vandalism, (iii) keeping turf and plant materials in healthy condition and (iv) removing, but not replacing, dead and dying plant materials and (v) thinning and scaling back landscaping to lower maintenance requirements [2]. The County will also be making some enhancements to a number of median landscaped areas. The aim is to make a one-time improvement, such as the installation of low-maintenance ground covering. These efforts will eventually reduce future maintenance costs and help all zones to remain within their own budgets. 3. Factors of design for public buildings: A Case-Study Approach Successfully designing, constructing and operating high-performance buildings requires the building owner and all members of the design team to set goals to minimize future levels of maintenance via minimization of energy consumption and environmental impact. The team should establish these goals as early as possible in the design process and maintain them through the building occupation. One method for achieving high-performance building goals is to follow the energy design process. This process begins in the pre-design phase and continues after the building is commissioned and occupied. Understanding which strategies are best suited for the building site and function, setting aggressive energy targets early and relying on advanced computer simulations to evaluate building design options are essential to the overall reliability process. The building envelope is designed first to minimize energy consumption. The mechanical, electrical and control systems are designed after optimizing the envelope design. Detailed specifications must accurately reflect the design intent. After construction, the building is commissioned, the owner and operators are instructed on the optimal operation of the building and building operation documents are provided for future maintenance reference. A case-study on an actual high-performance building demonstrates how to apply the design process to all public buildings of the future This building incorporates energy-efficient and renewable energy design features including day-lighting, passive heating and cooling and improved thermal envelope. All this energy saving considerations is being intentionally put in place to significantly reduce future maintenance needs and increase reliability of building functionalities [5] In a traditional design process, the architectural team determines the building form and articulation of the façade, including orientation, colour, window area and window placement. This architectural design is then handed off to the engineering team, who designs the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, ensures compliance with applicable energy codes, and ensures acceptable levels of environmental comfort for building occupants. From an engineer’s point of view, energy dependability occurs by improving the design of the HVAC system. It is then the engineer’s goal to create an efficient system within the context of the building envelope that has been previously designed—the architectural decisions have been finalized and few changes can be made to the envelope design [4] For successful realization of low-energy buildings which are less susceptible to failures, an efficient design team must establish a cost-effective energy goal. Once a commitment to energy minimization has been made, the energy-design process can be used to guide the team towards good decision making and trade-off analysis without sacrificing the building’s programmatic requirements. The building must incorporate disaster resistant (e.g., able to function if no grid-power is available). The design should meet or exceed all the functional and comfort requirements of the building. Low-energy design does not imply that building occupants endure conditions that are considered unacceptable in traditional buildings. The design team develops a thorough understanding of the building site and building functional requirements. A qualitative evaluation of these issues early in the design process often leads to later solutions for minimizing potential building maintenance needs Many design strategies are applicable to most buildings however, each building is unique, and thus, will have unique reliability design solutions [9]. Simulation of a base-case model of the building is done to identify maintenance minimization opportunities via low energy consumption using an hourly building simulation computer tool. This computer model simulates annual loads and peak demands for heating, cooling, lighting, plug loads and for HVAC system fans and pumps to determine the energy-use profile and the likelihood of possible failures of the base-case building. The design team brainstorms possible solutions to dependability problems. At this stage, the emphasis is on solutions relating to building geometry. Simulations are performed on variants of the base-case building relating to the list of possible solutions. Issues that will have a profound influence on the architectural aspects of the building are quantitatively explored prior to the conceptual design phase. The energy impact of each variant is determined by comparison to the original base-case building and to the other variants. Computerized design tools bring all the architectural and engineering pieces together to predict how the building’s components will interact. In other words, day-lighting systems, thermal issues and building control strategies may be addressed by different building disciplines but successful integrated building performance can only be achieved by examining the interrelation between these components. The conceptual design is the most difficult part of the building design process. It is essential that the dependability features be integrated into the architecture of the building. The objective is to use the architectural and envelope features to minimize energy costs for heating, cooling, and lighting. Often, energy features that effect the visual impact of the building can also serve as the main architectural aesthetic features, thereby saving costs. If the addition of an energy feature substantially increases the building cost, it is evaluated with the cost-effectiveness criteria already established [6] After the architectural features impacting energy use have been determined, the computer model simulating the performance of the proposed building is updated to reflect those decisions. A set of simulations is then performed to guide decisions regarding the HVAC system and associated controls. These simulations are primarily to optimize annual dependability of building lighting functions and the occupant comfort. The simulations can also be used to help properly size the equipment. Low-energy buildings defy the industry norms used for equipment sizing. First cost savings in substantially downsized equipment can often be used to pay for improved envelope energy features. At this point, there will be some iteration or trade-off between mechanical system decisions and architectural features; however, it is best to optimize the architectural features first. Although the energy design process may increase the cost to design the building compared to the traditional design process, the increased design cost is often offset by reductions in errors and decreased mechanical system cost. Fewer errors occur because careful attention was paid throughout the design process and more effort is placed on checking and review. Also, small mechanical systems require less space in the building (requiring less building to be built), and therefore, lower capital costs. Once the simulation work has been completed, occasional simulations will need to be performed as needed in response to unanticipated circumstances. This might include the need to determine if a substitute component really meets the energy related specifications or review of a construction detail that must be modified because of a problem on the construction site. Scheduled plan reviews and site inspections are crucial to ensure that specified details omitted from the plans do not compromise the energy design. A clear communication path between the constructor, building operator and the design team will help ensure that components are installed properly [10] In many cases, once construction on a particular area is incorrectly completed, it cannot be reinstalled and the building owner is forced to live with the reliability performance consequences. The commissioning process includes testing all subsystems in the building to ensure that they operate as intended. For example, poorly calibrated economizer controls can bring in excess air or poorly calibrated daylight sensors may not turn off the lights, thus causing failure to the equipments. Occasional simulations will be required to help solve problems that emerge during this final phase and to respond to changes in building use that may occur once the building is occupied. The key is that the controls function with the design intent of the building. A good building quickly becomes a bad building with improper control strategies. In addition, it is important to educate the building owner, occupants and the maintenance staff to properly use the building systems as conceived by the design team. The building’s performance can only be optimized if the people running the systems understand how the systems interact. This would save cost of system errors leading to malfunctions and would eventually reduce the need for future building maintenance. 4. Conclusion Good construction practices provide protection and minimum maintenance required for existing high-tech buildings and other features. Continued good appearance of these buildings depends upon the extent and quality of maintenance. The choice of materials and their use, together with the types of finishes and other protective measures should be conducive to easy maintenance and upkeep. An integrated design approach for private high performance buildings have been discussed from construction to commission. A low energy cost reduction was ideally established early and maintained throughout the design process. An integrated set of solutions for architectural design and energy efficiency was determined, including extensive day-lighting, natural ventilation, evaporative cooling and passive solar radiant heating. It is important to design a building that works with the environment in which it is located to minimize the need for maintenance in the long run. The building architecture was formed based on the programmatic and energy goals for the project. Tall vertical elements are naturally preferred to harmonize the building with the surrounding natural environment. The towers were also used to passively cool the building. An HVAC system was designed to work with the building. A PV system was installed to provide emergency power and supplemental power when utility power is available. The building construction and energy costs was significantly less and more reliable than a conventional one. This shows that sustainable buildings need not cost more with no level maintenance requirements REFERENCES [1] A. H. Molof, C. J. Turkstra (1984). Infrastructure, maintenance and repair of public works. New York Academy of Sciences. [2] A. P. Chrest (2001). Parking Structures: Planning, design, construction, maintenance and repair. Kluwer Academic Publishers. [3] Aia Pr (1993). Confronting the changes: New considerations in the design and management of public-sector facilities. [4] B. Chanter and P. Swallow (2000). Building Maintenance Management. Blackwell Science. [5] D. Hunns (1986). Human Factors in Reliability and the Psychology of Communications. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, pp 22-37. [6] E. D. Mills (1980). Building maintenance and preservation: a guide for design and management. Boston, Butterworths. [7] E. Teicholz (2001). Facility Design and Management Handbook. Mc-Graw Hill Companies. [8] M. Ruff (1998). Sewer, gas and electric: The Public Works trilogy. Grove/Atlantic Press [9] R. Lee and P. Wordsworth (2000). Lee’s Building Maintenance Management. Blackwell Publishers. [10] S. B. Birch, Jr, Craftsman Book Co, R. Price and L. Nicholson (2001). Public Works Inspector Manual. Building News. Design Factors Affecting Building Maintenance

Art Analysis- Renaissance to Modern Survey

help writing Art Analysis- Renaissance to Modern Survey.

TOPIC: you will have a choice of any work of art from the period in any medium. You should pick a work and make sure you select an original work of art – not a recreation of a work of
art. Make sure you address all of the formal elements of the work thoroughly. Also, make sure you
ANALYZE the work – do not just describe it. For example, do not tell what colors are used, tell
me what effect those colors have on the work, on the viewer, etc. This requires careful examination of the
work. It might be worth looking for a high resolution image online. No research is required!LENGTH AND FORMAT: Your paper should be approximately 2.5-3 (full) pages long , double-spaced, with
margins of 1″ all around and a standard 12-point font size. You do NOT need to include a title
page, report cover. Please include an image of your work. Although you need not do any research on
your work, if you consult an outside source, you should give all the bibliographic information for any
source you use and you must always give specific page numbers. You can use any citation style but be
consistent (MLA. APA). Remember, citing a work means citing the point in your text that you used it
and including a bibliography/works cited page. Employ terminology and concepts to create a systematic and thorough
physical description and analysis of the subject. Be sure that your analysis is clear and useful; it should
move in a logical manner rather than just discussing the formal elements simply as a list. Don’t engage in interpretation –don’t go into decipher the meaning.
Try to create a clear analysis of the work that flows logically.
You should frame your observations through paragraphs that are conceptually and grammatically linked.
Make sure you clearly organize your writing so that your analysis is thorough but not repetitious or
tedious. Be sure to analyze all of the formal elements as thoroughly as you can.I will provide a guideline/outline that will aide you once you get started…Do let me know asap what work of you have chosen
Art Analysis- Renaissance to Modern Survey

Berkeley College Markorv Decision Process Report

Berkeley College Markorv Decision Process Report.

I’m working on a artificial intelligence multi-part question and need a sample draft to help me understand better.

S and A are sets of states and actions, respectively.The reward for the agent receives in each state is also listed in the figure.Note that all actions shown in the figure are deterministic.Keep in mind the MDP problem does not have terminal state.Answer the following questions. Elaborate each of your steps for full credit.undefinedWhat is the optimal policy p*? Assume the agent’s goal is to maximize the total reward with discount factor g = 0.1.Applying the optimal policy p* obtained from part a), what is the utility Up*(s) of each state?Assume the same condition as the one described in part a).
Berkeley College Markorv Decision Process Report

Grossmont College Ch 4 Social Impacts Coronavirus Spread Discussion

Grossmont College Ch 4 Social Impacts Coronavirus Spread Discussion.

CH 4 DB Instructions/Prompt [READ]Before you begin this assignment, read this: Discussion Board Instructions/Expectations [READ]Link to Chapter 4 Discussion Board (find it below)Read Chapter 4 of the course text, How To Improve Your Interpersonal Communication Skills.https://grossmont.grlcontent.com/improvecomskills/… this is the website to the book the login info are username;[email protected] / password; Larson2020!Explore the learning tools included in the chapter.Based on your understanding of the chapter respond to the following questions:PROMPT:Has the pandemic of the coronavirus affected your sense of identity? If so how? If not why not?Has the presence of the coronavirus pandemic affected the way you engage in interpersonal relationships? How?If the coronavirus pandemic has not affected the way you engage in interpersonal relationships explain why not?Discussion Board Instructions/Expectations [READ]Chapter Discussion Boards are a major part of the course as well as a big part of your overall grade in the course. Interaction is the key to learning! For this course, interaction is based on discussion board posts.Each student must post their own response to the discussion board question (called an original thread) along with posting a response to at least two other student postings (called a peer response).When you respond to a peer posting, you don’t always have to agree with them. Use your critical thinking skills and analyze their response, give more details or challenge their assumptions. Being a good student means using critical thinking! You will want to create discussion board assignments that are meaningful and interesting to you personally and to your colleagues in the class.This assignment is a discussion between you and your classmates. It is not necessary to evaluate the post. You will need to stay away from evaluative statements: “You did a really great job. You have all the required information and I like your structure, it is organized.” Address the chapter prompt.Do not use material from your original post in your peer responses (including the textbook references).Do not copy and paste materials from any peer original threads in your response, i.e., …when you said “and then you copy and paste a chunk from the original thread you are responding to…” Yeah, that, don’t do that.Textbook References: Clear references to the textbook are required in both the original thread post and both peer responses for all course DBs.Textbook references should come from the chapter(s) specified in the assignment prompt and be clearly connected to your post and the assignment topic.Be sure and include the chapter and page number from the textbook in your posts, for example (chapter 2, 59), just as you would do for any research paper/post!Chapter DBs: You can earn a total of 10 points per discussion board: 5 points maximum for your original thread posting and 5 points maximum for your response to 2 or more other student’s postings:Original threads/posts should be at least 400-500 words total and have a least one clear and connected textbook reference from the specified chapter with a proper citation (chapter number, page number).Each of the two peer responses should be at least 150 words each in length and have a least 1 textbook reference from the specified chapter. You will have one textbook reference in each of your peer response posts.Important Information:Participants must create/post a thread in order to view other threads in each forum.Please do not include prompt/DB questions in your posts.Your post should be in essay format (paragraphs), not a list of answers with bulletsGrammar and spelling should be checked and corrected before you post. You cannot edit or delete your post once you submit/post it. Do not post a response to your original post with additional information or materials.Do not submit your post as an attachment or link(i.e., Word file, Google Docs, etc). It must be typed/copy & pasted into the text box.All DB assignments require multiple textbook references.
Grossmont College Ch 4 Social Impacts Coronavirus Spread Discussion