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ENGL 111 Rasmussen College Reading Selection from Borderland Theory Questions

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ENGL 111 Rasmussen College Reading Selection from Borderland Theory Questions.

ENG 111 Library Skills Spring 2020DIRECTIONS:•Type your answers to the following questions directly into the questions •Respond in complete sentences where appropriate. •Upload after completion.———————————————————————————————————————1. Using a reading selection from borderland theory or from a research material.a. Introduce a direct quote into a sentenceusing a signal phrase such as “according to.” Include a parenthetical note in the sentence. b. Provide a citation for the source of the quotation. 2. List two specialized databases that would be helpful researching infectious diseases. 3. Explain the difference between a topic and an issue. Give an example of each. 4. List three possible keywords (search terms) for the following topics. a. Mestiza:b. Mexican culture:c. Code switching:7. Provide citations for two journal articles related to Chicana culture. 8. Provide citations for two books that could serve as references on Borderlands culture/theory.9. Using a catalog or database, provide citations for three newspaper articles on bilingual education. 10. What is the difference between a library’s catalog and databases it makes available? 11. List a citation for a film on Chicano culture or a film directly addressing Chicano culture. See attached document.
ENGL 111 Rasmussen College Reading Selection from Borderland Theory Questions

Reflection Paper on Industry and Taxonomy.

The employment of different types of power might influence a team member’s satisfaction, and thus, his or her motivation to
continue. In regards to your current industry and/or the culture of your current organization, write a reflection paper that
addresses the following requirements:Describe which motivational theory, as described in Harell and Daim, would be the
most appropriate for your industry/organization. Why? – Describe which of the original power types from the French and Raven power taxonomy, as described by Elias (2008) in
this unit’s required readings, would fit best with the selected motivational theoryBe sure to include the rubric elements from the guidelines below: The response reflects in-depth consideration and personalization of theories, concepts, and/or strategies. The response includes all major components: accurate accounts of the topic area, critical analysis of the topic area, and
scholarly or professional application of the topic area.The reflection paper should be two to three pages in length. Two is okay with me. Study Guide/Links Found Belowhttps://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/Courses/Business/BBA/BBA3651/15R/UnitIII.pdf?target=blankhttp://libguides.columbiasouthern.edu
Reflection Paper on Industry and Taxonomy

Introduction In the recent past, there has been an unprecedented easing of monetary and fiscal policies in many countries. This has raised widespread concerns that the policies may plunge the world economy into a period of hyperinflation. Already in Saudi Arabia, inflation has been rising. This has been attributed to the government’s recent expansion of fiscal lending, which makes a rise in inflation inevitable. The main factors that drive Saudi’s inflation include food prices, high inflation in trading partner’s economies, and a rise in domestic rent. Methodology In the eighties and nineties, inflation in Saudi Arabia was maintained at a low of 1%. However, since 2003, the inflation rate has risen rapidly and by 2008, it exceeded 11%: a phenomenon that has negatively affected the citizens (Mehran, 2009, p. 3). Although the World financial crisis resulted to a temporary decline in the inflation rate, it again started rising since 2010. This paper, using the quarterly data from 1980 to 2010, examines the causes behind the inflation in Saudi, its effects, and the effectiveness of the counter-strategies and policies the Saudi government has put in place to curb the rising inflation. The paper will also investigate the solutions provided to the problem of runaway inflation and give recommendations on the same. The paper utilizes a methodology that incorporates both foreign and domestic factors that affect the inflation rate in the Saudi context. It will examine the external factors as a source of inflation in Saudi, given the open trade nature of the Saudi economy characterized by oil exports and importation of consumer goods from overseas. The rise in the prices globally will be examined alongside the Saudi domestic prices. Given Saudi’s dependence on exports, fluctuation in the value of the US dollar is a fundamental determinant of the rate of inflation in Saudi both in the short-term and long-term. Additionally, the rise in the domestic demand fuelled by the sharp increase in oil prices has also accelerated the rate of inflation in Saudi Arabia. By focusing on each factor in turn, this paper aims to find the correlation between inflation in Saudi’s trading partners (OECD countries) and the domestic inflation rate. The paper will also undertake a food price outlook in the wake of rising inflation rate and its effects on Saudi staples such as rice and wheat. What is Inflation? Inflation is a common term in economic circles, but its meaning is often misconstrued. Inflation, in simple terms, refers to a continuous increase in prices of goods and services in an economy (Dhakal,
Refrigeration or Cooling may be defined as the process of removing heat. This process may be accomplished by using one of the refrigeration systems; vapor compression, absorption or thermoelectric refrigeration systems. The first two systems need high and low pressure sides of a working fluid to complete the refrigeration cycle. The thermoelectric refrigeration system, however, uses electrons rather than refrigerant as a heat carrier. (Davis, 2005) Thermoelectric coolers are greatly needed, particularly for the developing countries situation where long life and low maintenance are needed. In this aspect, thermoelectrics cannot be challenged, in spite of the fact that their coefficient performance is not as high as for a vapor compression cycle. Thermoelectric refrigerators have the advantages of being small, lightweight, rugged, reliable, and insensitive to orientation, noiseless, portable and low cost in mass production. (Davis, 2005) Thermoelectric cooler has been widely used in military, aerospace, instrument, and industrial or commercial products, as a cooling device for specific purposes. This technology has existed for about 40 years. (Riffat, 2000) Many researchers are concerned about the physical properties of the thermoelectric material and the manufacturing technique of thermoelectric modules. In addition to the improvement of the thermoelectric material and module, the system analysis of a thermoelectric refrigerator is equally important in designing a high-performance thermoelectric refrigerator. (Huang, 2000) The heat flux generated in the processor chip is rising day by day at a very fast rate with development because of reduction in CPU sizes and large amount of heat load generated at the chip. Consequently, it is becoming a challenging task for researchers to handle such enormous amounts of heat fluxes. Moore’s had proved that number of transistors on a integrated circuit is increasing exponentially year after year .So heat load in the CPU also increases at the same rate with the increase in the speed moreover the size of the chip today which we normally talk about is of the order of mm which is in turn making problem more complicated. The high heat generation inside the CPU may result in slowing down the computation speed, failure of the processor chip, gate oxide breakdown, effect on screen resolution and many more electrical failures as well as mechanical failures (Davis, 2005) Presently in CPU very complicated designs of air cooled heat sinks are used which dissipates heat to the surroundings by flowing large volumes of air. These heat sinks have two major shortcomings. Due to space constrains air should be thrown at very high velocities and to maintain such velocities big size fan has to be used. Also, the air flowing at high velocities creates a lot of noise. Moreover, in air cooled units there is no active cooling device so we can’t go below the ambient temperature. As a result working at high speeds in the hot ambient conditions had become extremely difficult. Chip cooling is one of the bottlenecks in the high density electronics. There is need of some better cooling techniques for the same. So, now a day researchers are working a lot on liquid cooled systems, because they have nearly 10 times (Davis, 2005) the heat transfer coefficient than that of air cooled ones. In water based liquid cooling systems, the heat is pumped to water block by some cooling device from which water takes away the heat to finally throw it in the surroundings . The most commonly used device to pump heat to water block in such system is TEC (Thermoelectric coolers). TEC consumes their own power and cool down the chip by extracting the heat from it and transferring it to the water block. Water runs inside the channel in the water block and takes away the heat from it. The hot water is further cooled in the condenser. With the help of Thermoelectric water cooling system the chip temperature can be easily made to go below ambient temperature which is not possible by the existing systems, and thus the CPU can be made to operate at high speeds and higher loads in even hot ambient conditions. Thus TEC have potential opportunities for chip cooling and can prove very effective if a proper system is developed for the same. 1.2 Problem statement Chip cooling is one of the bottlenecks in high density electronics. An enormous amount of heat flux is generated by the modern processor chip. Nowadays many complicated designs of air cooled heat sinks are used, but off late the heat fluxes have attained such a level that to handle them very large volume flow rate of air is required. So due to space constraint, in order to achieve large flow rates, air should be blown at very high velocities which in turn result in increased levels of noise. Another major disadvantage of air cooling is that we can’t go below ambient temperature and as a consequence, tendency of chip failure in the computers working in ambient condition of about 35°C – 45°C increases a lot. For all these reasons it has become apparent that the heat fluxes have reached such a level that air cooling can’t handle them efficiently. Thus the present scenario necessitates the use of active cooling devices. Thermoelectric coolers having the ability to cool below ambient and having advantage of being compact, light weight, free of moving parts and precise temperature control have high potentials for chip cooling. It is known that the temperature of the thermoelectric module is the main criterion for its reliability and performance. The temperature rise of the hot side above ambient is dependent on the thermal resistance of the path that the heat sink. Reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink contributes to the reduction of the thermal resistance of the path and hence an increase in the performance. So a liquid heat exchanger with spiral flow passage having dimples is used. Dimples result in effective heat transfer by creating turbulence and thus enhancing the performance of the system. 1.3 Research Objectives Understanding the basics of Thermoelectric coolers, working of Thermoelectric Cooling Systems and parameters that governs the performance of such systems Design, fabrication and development of an efficient thermoelectric cooling system for computer chips Carrying out experimentation and analysis of the performance of the developed system 1.4 Methodology 1.5 Work Plan These are some of the important tasks that would be performed during this research Understanding the basic concepts of thermoelectric cooling Study of the existing CPU cooling techniques Literature review regarding the topic and study about the effect due dimples along the flow of water Deciding the various parameters for which system has to be designed Deciding about the thermoelectric module which will produce the desired cooling effect Design of the experimental set up and identification of the various equipments to be required Market survey for all the required equipments Procurement of the equipments Design and fabrication of the dimpled water block Design and fabrication of the heat exchanger Preparation of the experimental set up Carrying out experiments and obtaining the results Analysis of results Checking out the performance of the thermoelectric module used Comparison of the designed water block with some commercially existing water block Discussions and conclusion Report writing 1.6 Expected Outcomes An understanding of the application of thermoelectric cooling systems would be developed. Important advantages of the thermoelectric cooling systems in current scenario of high density electronics would be presented. The complete thermoelectric cooling unit for CPU chip would be designed, fabricated and tested for the desired loads Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The History of Thermoelectrics In 1821, Thomas Seebeck discovered that a continuously flowing current is created when two wires of different materials are joined together and heated at one end. This idea is known as the Seebeck Effect (Figure 1.1). The Seebeck effect has two main applications including temperature measurement and power generation. (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.1 Seebeck Effect S= dV / dT; S is the Seebeck Coefficient with units of Volts/K S is positive when the direction of electric current is same as the direction of thermal current In 1834, a French watchmaker and part time physicist, Jean Peltier found that an electrical current would produce a temperature gradient at the junction of two dissimilar metals. This effect is known as the Peltier Effect. This idea forms the basis for the thermoelectric refrigerator (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.2 Negative Peltier effect a) For П <0; Negative Peltier coefficient When current is allowed to pass through n-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high energy electrons move from right to left resulting in cooling of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in opposite directions (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.3 Positive Peltier effect b) For П >0; Positive Peltier coefficient When current is allowed to pass through p-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high energy holes move from left to right resulting in heating of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in same direction (Global Techno Scan, nd) q=П*j, where q is thermal current density (Heat flux) and j is electrical current density. Also, П= S*T (Volts) Peltier coefficient Where, T is the Absolute Temperature Scottish scientist William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) discovered in 1854 that if a temperature difference exists between any two points of a current carrying conductor, heat is either evolved or absorbed depending upon the material. If such a circuit absorbs heat, then heat may be evolved if the direction of the current or of the temperature gradient is reversed. 2.2 Thermoelectric Refrigeration A thermoelectric device is one that operates on a circuit that incorporates both thermal and electrical effects to convert heat energy into electrical energy or electrical energy to a temperature gradient. Thermoelectric elements perform the same cooling function as Freon -based vapor compression or absorption refrigerators. Energy is taken from a region thereby reducing its temperature. The energy is than rejected to a heat sink region with a higher temperature. Thermoelectric elements are in a totally solid state, while vapor cycle devices have moving mechanical parts that require a working fluid (Tellurex, nd) Thermoelectric modules are small, sturdy, quiet heat pumps operated by a DC power source. They usually last about 200,000 hours in heating mode or about 20 years if left on cooling mode. When power is supplied, the surface where heat energy is absorbed becomes cold; the opposite surface where heat energy is released becomes hot. If the polarity of current flow through the module is reversed, the cold side will become the hot side and vice-versa. Thermoelectric modules can also be used as thermocouples for temperature measurement or as generators to supply power to spacecrafts and electrical equipment. (Tellurex, nd) Thermoelectric devices can also be used as refrigerators on the bases of the Peltier effect. To create a thermoelectric refrigerator, heat is absorbed from a refrigerated space and than rejected to a warmer environment. The difference between these two quantities is the net electrical work that needs to be supplied. These refrigerators are not overly popular because they have a low coefficient of performance. The coefficient of performance for thermoelectric refrigerators can be calculated by dividing the cooling effect by the work input. (Tellurex, nd) 2.3 Semiconductors The semiconductor materials are N and P type, and are so named because either they have more electrons than necessary to complete a perfect molecular lattice structure (N-type) or not enough electrons to complete a lattice structure (P-type). The extra electrons in the N-type material and the holes left in the P-type material are called “carriers” and they are the agents that move the heat energy from the cold to the hot junction. Heat absorbed at the cold junction is pumped to the hot junction at a rate proportional to carrier current passing through the circuit and the number of couples. Good thermoelectric semiconductor materials such as bismuth telluride greatly impede conventional heat conduction from hot to cold areas, yet provide an easy flow for the carriers. In addition, these materials have carriers with a capacity for transferring more heat. Since semiconductors were found to have large Seebeck coefficients, good electrical conductivities, and poor thermal conductivities, one has made a breakthrough in the use of the Peltier-effect in thermoelectric devices to produce refrigeration. Currently, thermoelectric refrigerators, made of semiconductor, materials, have many interesting applications because of their small size, simplicity, quietness and reliability. 2.4 Basic Working Principle of Thermoelectric Coolers Thermoelectric coolers are semiconductor devices which works on the principle of Peltier effect (Haung, 2005) i.e. when a current is passed between the junctions of two dissimilar materials then a temperature difference is created between the two junctions. In thermoelectric coolers we have a P type and an N type semiconductor connected together when we pass the current, at the cold junction electrons travel from P side to N side as P type being at lower energy level and N type at higher energy level. So when electron travels it absorbs energy at the cold side. Similarly at the hot side electron travels from N side to P side thereby releasing the energy. And in this way a temperature gradient is established between hot side and cold side (Haung, 2005) 2.5 Advantages of Thermoelectric Coolers Thermoelectric coolers have some unique advantages over other cooling systems. The various advantages are (Chien, 2004) Ideal for localized cooling due to small size Highly controllable cooling power Convenient power supply Precise temperature control Sub-ambient cooling capacity Spot cooling Compact, Quite, and free of moving parts Low maintenance 2.6 A typical thermoelectric cooling system: Fig. 1 shows working of a thermoelectric system. The heating and cooling functions of the thermoelectric system can be interchanged by reversing the polarity of the direct current applied to it. Capacity control in a thermoelectric system can be achieved by varying the voltage applied to the couples either by a variable voltage control or by switching series and parallel circuits. As the voltage drops, the temperature difference between the hot and cold side is reduced. (Chien, 2004) On the cold side of the module we have the heat source from which heat is to be removed and on the hot side we have a heat sink which finally throws the heat into the ambient. Design of the heat sink is an important parameter for improving the performance of the thermoelectric module. For many applications, the advantages of TEC outweigh its main disadvantage of low coefficient of performance. (Chien, 2004) Figure 2.1 Thermoelectric cooler (Chien, 2004) 2.7 Thermal Parameters Governing Performance of TEC The selection of a thermoelectric for a particular application is mainly dependent on the three important parameters. These are temperature of the hot surface (Th), the temperature of the cold surface (Tc) and the amount of heat to be extracted at the cold side of the module (Qc) (Haung, 2005). The heat sink is attached at the hot side of the module where the heat gets released when the DC power is applied to the module. The hot side temperature of the module while using a air cooled heat sink whether natural or forced convection, can be found out using below equations (Haung, 2005) Th = Tamb Rth(Qh) (1.1) Qh = Qc Qp (1.2) The temperatures rise above ambient, of the hot side, takes place because of the thermal resistance of the heat. If we know the thermal resistance of the heat sink then the general estimates of the rise in temperature above ambient are as stated below: (Haung, 2005) 20°C to 40°C in case of Natural Convection 10°C to 15°C in case of Forced Convection 2°C to 5°C in case of Liquid Cooling (In this case is the rise above the liquid coolant temperature) The performance coefficient for a thermoelectric cooling system can be calculated with the help of the following equation: 2.8 Application of thermoelectric cooling TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler) is different from conventional compression refrigeration; there are no moving parts. Since there are no moving parts, there is nothing to wear out and nothing is generating noise. There is no refrigerant to contain so the problem of handling a two-phase change over is simplified. Pressure tight tubing is replaced by electrical wiring. There is no ozone layer hazard (Melcor, nd). Thermoelectric coolers offer the potential to enhance the cooling of electronic module packages to reduce chip operating temperatures or to allow higher module powers. Thermoelectric coolers also offer the advantages of being compact, reliable, and their degree of cooling may be controlled by the current supplied. Unfortunately, compared to vapor-compression refrigeration, they are limited in the heat flux that they can accommodate and exhibit a lower coefficient of performance (COP). These two limitations have generally limited thermoelectrics to niche. The thermoelectric coolers are used in the electronics of the cruise missile, critical equipment on aircraft, critical camera components in a pod aircraft navigation system and many military applications. Thermoelectric coolers provide compact heat exchangers that are not attitude-sensitive and do not contain excessive tubing and fittings that can be susceptible to vibration 2.9 Previous Work done at International level Till today air coolers are meeting the needs of CPU cooling, with the increased size of heat sinks and an increase in fan speed. The typical resistance of air coolers with high fan speeds is 0.2°C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000). But with further increase in the heat flux, air cooling techniques seems to be diminishing because of the limitations already mentioned. The next best solution to the problem is the use of liquid cooling techniques as the liquids have relatively very high convective heat transfer coefficients then air and thus minimizing the thermal resistance. The liquid cooling systems involves “water block” for efficient heat transfer to the liquid. Experiments have been carried out by mounting water blocks directly over the CPU chip and they have shown to be very efficient then the air cooled techniques. With the use of direct water-cooling techniques the chip temperature can be kept at 30°C for an ambient condition of 25°C with a CPU load of 60W whereas with air cooling it goes to 45°C (Bar Cohen, 2000). But with the development of thermoelectric coolers it had made possible to take the chip temperature even below ambient. Thermoelectric Coolers have unique advantages over other cooling devices Chein and Huang (2004) studied usage of thermoelectric cooler for electronic cooling. The cooling capacity, junction temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) of TEC and the required heat sink resistance at the hot side were computed. They found that the cooling capacity could be increased as Tc is increased and ΔT is reduced. The maximum cooling capacity and chip junction temperature obtained were 207 W and 88°C, respectively. The required heat sink resistance on TEC hot side was found to be .054°C/W. A micro channel heat sink ( with size of 55mm x 55mm with channel width of 0.3 mm) using water or air as coolant was also demonstrated to meet the low thermal heat sink resistance requirement for TEC operated at maximum cooling capacity conditions. Huang et al in 2005 studied the distribution of temperature for a thermoelectric cooler under the effects of Joule heating, Fourier Heat conduction, Thomson effect and convection and radiation heat transfer. They tried to enalyze and explore some of the important things like Thomson effect’s influence on the distribution of temperature, on the amount of heat that flows back to the cold side, the maximum temperature difference attained and the maximum amount of heat extracted etc. They finally concluded that other than improving the thermoelectric materials for increasing the cooling efficiency of the module the other possible way is to take the advantage of Thomson effect this also helps in improving the cooling efficiency. Researches are already going on for incorporating thermoelectric water cooling systems for the CPU. The key factor in using such kind of systems is to have highly efficient water blocks with low thermal resistances and to have thermoelectric modules with proper Qmax. Many complicated water block design exist in the present market. The typical thermal resistances of the water blocks used presently for such systems are 0.08°C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000).

BIO201 Public Health and the Environment (MOD4 Critical Thinking)

BIO201 Public Health and the Environment (MOD4 Critical Thinking). I’m working on a Environmental Science question and need guidance to help me study.

Module 4: Critical Thinking
I have attached my submitted Portfolio Assignment below for your reference.

Required

Chapters 7-9, 11 & 14 in Key Concepts in Public Health
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2015). The five practices of exemplary leadership model. Retrieved from http://www.leadershipchallenge.com/about-section-our-approach.aspx

Recommended

Otto, J., Holodniy, M., & DeFraites, R. F. (2014). Public health practice is not research. American Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 596-602. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301663
Pobric, A., & Robinson, G. (2015). Population ageing and low fertility: Recent demographic changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Population Research, 32(1), 23-43. doi:10.1007/s12546-014-9141-5

Critical Thinking Assignment (60 Points)
Important! Read First
Choose one of the following two assignments to complete this week. Do not do both assignments. Identify your assignment choice in the title of your submission.

Option #1: Finding Partners
Most community action plans can benefit from recruiting partners—individuals or organizations that might help with the solution to the public health issue. These partners may have money, special tools or skills, and other resources.
Create a list of at least ten local partners/stakeholders who might be willing to help you implement or develop your own community action plan. Remember, a stakeholder is a person with an interest or concern in something. For each potential partner, include:

the potential partner’s name,
comprehensive contact information (job title, address, phone, website, and any assistants’ names),
a short explanation of why you think the partner or stakeholder would be useful to your project, and
why you think that particular partner might be interested in joining your effort—that is, what is the benefit to the partner in doing so?

Your partners could come from the following (don’t be limited by this list):

Government officials (state, regional, local, or federal)
Local health/public health department agent(s)
Non-profits or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Think broadly. For example, consider national and local organizations (e.g., men and women’s organizations, schools, government-funded services, and volunteer organizations).
Businesses often help fund or implement community projects.
Colleges or universities may have grants, special departments, or clubs/organizations.
Churches or faith-based organizations

Instructions:

Write a well-organized list that is a 2-3-page paper, not including the title and reference pages, which are required.
The paper must be formatted correctly using APA style. Remember, all research material used in your paper must be paraphrased and include an in-text citation.
Your paper must be properly cited and formatted according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA. (Links to an external site.)
This is an individual paper; however, you should reflect on our Discussion Forums and incorporate ideas from there, as appropriate.
Be sure you utilize your text appropriately as a reference and cite at least one other credible external reference such as a website or journal article to support your proposed resolution of the case.
Your external sources can be trade publications (Links to an external site.), government information, newspaper articles, or scholarly or peer-reviewed (Links to an external site.) journal articles. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these sources.

Option #2: Interview a Potential Partner
Most community action plans can benefit from recruiting partners—individuals or organizations that might help with the solution to the public health issue. These partners may have money, special tools or skills, and other resources.
For this option, select one person/stakeholder in your community who might have interest or expertise in your community action plan. Remember, a stakeholder is a person with an interest or concern in something. This stakeholder should have a connection to your portfolio topic in your chosen community as this may help you determine who you can interview. Plan a brief interview with this person to run your ideas for an action plan to implement in your community by him or her as you continue drafting your plan. Do not use this interview to verify that this person thinks the issue exists in your community. The existence of the issue should already be evident from your previous research.
Your interviewee could come from the following (don’t be limited by this list):

Government officials (state, regional, local, or federal)
Local health/public health department agent(s)
Non-profits or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Think broadly. For example, consider national and local organizations (e.g., men and women’s organizations, schools, government-funded services, and volunteer organizations).
Businesses often help fund or implement community projects.
Colleges or universities may have grants, special departments, or clubs/organizations.
Churches or faith-based organizations

Instructions

Before your interview, list 10 questions about the plan you are developing to tackle an issue in your community. These should be questions that you want to ask the person you have selected to interview.
Take notes during the interview, in preparation for writing a summary of your conversation.
After the interview, write a 2- to 3-page summary of the interview, not including the title and reference pages, which are required.
List each question you asked, as well as a short, one-paragraph summary of the response you got to each question.
The paper must be formatted correctly using APA style. Remember, all research material used in your paper must be paraphrased and include an in-text citation.
Your paper must be properly cited and formatted according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (Links to an external site.). (Links to an external site.)
This is an individual paper; however, you should reflect on our Discussion Forums and incorporate ideas from there, as appropriate.
Be sure you utilize your text appropriately as a reference and cite at least one other credible external reference such as a website or journal article to support your proposed resolution of the case.
Your external sources can be trade publications (Links to an external site.), government information, newspaper articles, or scholarly or peer-reviewed (Links to an external site.) journal articles. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these sources.

BIO201 Public Health and the Environment (MOD4 Critical Thinking)

CJ 292 Monroe College Areas of Strength and Weakness Discussion

essay writer CJ 292 Monroe College Areas of Strength and Weakness Discussion.

Many organizations, companies, and agencies will assess your knowledge, skills, and abilities. The areas of concern are: experience, oral communication, written communication, problem solving abilities, and time management. Write a two page paper that discusses the following: What areas can you identify as your strengths or weakness? How can you improve your competencies in these areas to make yourself a more suitable candidate for employment? For example, Have you made arrests for shoplifting at your security job and provided testimony in court? Do you have experience in the field? Have you supervised co-workers? Do you need to improve your computer skills? Do you to take a public speaking course? Do you need to take the Research Methods Course or other courses similar to Research Methods? Finally how will these skills or knowledge make you more marketable in the criminal justice field?
CJ 292 Monroe College Areas of Strength and Weakness Discussion

CMN 102 University of California Davis Development & Practice of Telework Questions

CMN 102 University of California Davis Development & Practice of Telework Questions.

based on the file attachmenet, complete the primary concept (first level heading) and secondary concept (second level heading) part. 1. PROSPECTUS EXTENDED 5 PTSundefinedThe group shall write a single prospectus. This can be based on one of its members’ prospectus, combination of members’ prospectuses, or a completely new idea. However, this writing needs to be more detailed than the previous individual prospectus.undefinedYour group is expected to write 4-6 pages (no more than 8 pages) double-spaced, excluding references, tables, and figures (if any). The page should be letter sized, with 1 inch margins and 12 pt font size (Times New Roman). There should be no space between paragraphs. There is NO need for a title page and abstract. undefinedSee the Worksheet (and the Canvas Rubric) for all the points you need to cover. However, you must write a coherent essay instead of listing bullet points. To highlight, you need to elaborate on the following points in addition to the content covered in the previous assignment (Prospectus; however, you cannot just verbatim copy texts from your Prospectus — because that is considered as self-plagiarism): undefinedDemonstrate you have searched the relevant research, and your proposed research is built on previous theories and research. On the one hand, you need to make a convincing case for the novelty of your question, if similar problems and relationships have been studied before. On the other hand, you also cannot simply state that you did not find any relevant work. You must build your arguments on relevant work by others — even if you could not find research that studied exactly the same issue.Provide detailed information about how you will empirically investigate your concepts and their relationships. If you are going to measure them using survey questions or scales, you need to provide those exact questions/scales (not just examples or a general description). If you plan to experimentally manipulate some concepts, you need to detail the procedure and stimuli. You also need to detail your plan of data collection, as well as your efforts to improve the quality of your investigation (reliability and validity). You are encouraged to use measures or experimental procedures / stimuli that have been established and verified in previous research, as long as you credit the sources.Follow APA 7th Style for Paper Format (in addition to the page and font requirement mentioned before), In-text Citations, and References.
CMN 102 University of California Davis Development & Practice of Telework Questions

Contrast With Waterfall Development Method Information Technology Essay

The requirement specification document describes the functions and requirement for the Inventory Management System which is also known as Inventory control system. The system is needed to ensure that the super markets are stocked at all times and to effectively and efficiently controlling the inventories. The IMS should alert those occupy management positions in the super market of products which are selling and those that are gathering dust and taking up warehouse shelf space. It is financial management best practise for any business selling products to have the correct balance of safety inventory to accommodate seasonal demands and not be caught off guard by the customers as reputations are at stake. IMS keeps track of sales, available inventory and communicates with suppliers in real time for inventory reordering purposes. 1.2 Scope The inventory management basically deals with the order quantities, order intervals and finally the complete inventory management system. Inventory management system will assist the management of the super markets in quickly and efficiently ordering and keeping track of inventory for accounting purposes, the system will reduce the traditional paperwork and time consumption which shall in turn lower costs. Barcodes at cashiers are the exit points of inventory and updates the inventory database to keep track of stock. According to Wikipedia (2011) ” Another promising technology for tracking inventory has also has made its way into stores, warehouses and factories. Radio frequency identification, or RFID, uses a microchip to transmit product information — such as type, manufacturer and serial number — to a scanner or other data collection device. It’s superior to bar codes in several ways. For instance, a scanner reads the information from an RFID from several yards away, making it ideal for tracking items stacked on high shelves in warehouses. It also can encode more data than a bar code and in some systems tell merchants if an item is out of place in the store, providing excellent anti-theft characteristics.” But the Inventory management system that we will be looking at will not incorporate the RFID technology. Development methodology To develop the inventory management system, an Iterative and incremental development methodology approach will be adopted (figure1). The iterative and incremental development methodology being part of the prescriptive process methods allows the developers of the system to excessively exhaust the stages of the software life cycle. The aim is to have multiple deliveries of working software with increased functionalities over time, since the requirements are derived from cross-functional teams. Figure1 IID method, Roger S. Pressman (2001) The system is developed in small portions of functional requirements over a period of iterations and each iterations time is shorter than the previous iteration time due to that the system developers have the advantage of what was learned in the previous iteration. Each iteration allows modification and new functional capabilities according to user feedback, which will reduce overall project risk, iterations can overlap and risk is spread out over iteration. According to Pascal Van Cauwenberghe (2011) “ In the first iteration we will do 90% analysis, 10% design In the second iteration we will do 30% analysis, 50% design, 20% coding In the third iteration we will do 10% analysis, 30% design, 70% coding In the fourth iteration we will do 10% design, 50% coding, 40% testing and bug fixing In the fifth iteration we will do 50% testing and bug fixing, 30% integration, 20% deployment.” It’s a good for projects where funding is not assured, as supermarket is a competitive market. 2.1 Contrast with Waterfall development Method Although is it a cheaper approach of system development and the most experienced or oldest method, there are a few issues that make it not a viable approach. The stages are exactly the same as in Iterative and incremental approach. The only difference is that waterfall model does not support iteration of the stages and the IMS will only be delivered all at once at the last stage and no backtracking will be possible. The corrections can only be made during the maintenance stage. On the customer or user side progress is only observed at later stages. Customer or users unsure of the requirements at the early stage of the system development will face length development time and soaring costs. It’s for projects that have a relatively low risk and the IMS is a medium risk program. Figure 2 Source: Google Images 2.2 Contrast with V- Shape Waterfall development Method The V shape waterfall method was introduced to better the issues that are experienced by a traditional waterfall model. Testing is highly emphasised on each development stage in the V shape model and it does not support exhaustive repetition of the stages, major requirement changes and risk are only discovered later and corrections are to be made during the maintenance stage. In the case of the Inventory management system so much emphasis should not be put on testing the system but the user requirements are much more important. V-shape is suitable for critical systems like airplane, hospital systems. Figure 3 Source: Google Images 2.3 Contrast with Prototype development Method It is classified the same as iterative and incremental approach, the only difference is that after each iteration a working prototype system is produced and customers do an evaluation. Prototype development is less manageable than iterative and incremental development as the normal software process standards are followed. Users of the system should be willing to learn how to use each prototype produced, this can be time consuming (schedule), costly to the supermarket and users end up mistaken the prototype to be the final system. It is more suitable for medium to high risk systems where requirements are all known as the system evolves and system must have rapid software changing technology. In this case all the application characteristics mentioned above are not worth to follow for the inventory management system. According to stsc.hill.af.mil (2008) the prototype or evolution model is not useful when the system being designed needs to interface with another system, and the inventory management system will need to interface with the Point of sale (POS) system. Figure 4 Source: Google Images According to (2009) “Risks may be increased in the following areas: Requirements – Temptation to defer requirements definition. Management – Programs are more difficult to control. Better government/contractor cooperation needed. Approval – Vulnerable to delays in funding approval, which can increase schedule and costs. Architectural – Initial architecture must accommodate later changes. Short term benefits – Risk of becoming driven by operational needs rather than program goals. Risk avoidance – Tendency to defer riskier features until later. Exploitation by suppliers – Government bargaining power may be reduced because initial contract may not complete the entire task, and subsequent contracts are not likely to be completed. Patch works quilt effects – If changes are poorly controlled, the product quality can be compromised.” 2.4 Contrast with Spiral development Methodology The main aim of spiral development model is to reduce risk in the software life cycle stages. It combines or is made of a combination of development methods namely waterfall, prototype, and Iterative and incremental but can also accommodate more models. The model is in spiral shape and it allows each stage to be repeated likewise the iterative and incremental but great emphases is put on identifying highest risk problems and mitigating the problems in each cycle. It allows incorporation of new technology and innovation unlike iterative and incremental model, but since this an inventory management system for a supermarket cost and schedule (time) plays a great limitation on using the spiral model due to its complexity and hard to manage. Software development projects that require or use the spiral development model is usually Department of Defence or aerospace projects. Spiral model is more useful where user needs are important. Figure 5 Source: Google Images 2.5 Contrast with Rapid Application development Method According to Wikipedia (2010) “Rapid application development is a software development methodology that involves methods like iterative development and software prototyping.” Rapid application model falls under agile methods, which makes it a fast and reliable development approach which reduces cost while maintaining system quality. Initially a prototype system is designed and improvements are made on that prototype to be the finished system, but if some features of the Inventory management system are not included in the initial stages then they are shifted to the next system version. So scalability and the features are reduced. Rapid application method is usually used in an environment that is data driven and data batches are processed without user intervention. But in this case the Inventory management system is transaction processing application. Figure 6 Source: Google Images 2.6 Contrast with Component based development Methodology Component based approach is a reusable software unit. It was introduced to improve object orientated development non support for effective reuse. All though it’s a faster way and cheaper approach of developing a system by just getting different components and interfacing them to one another, you may in counter maintenance difficulties, which may turn out to be costly due to replacement of component software units. The supermarket IMS system needs to be available at all times for the smooth running of the daily operations and the functional requirements will only be fulfilled on the availability of the components. Customer need to clearly understand the component specifications, so an ignorant customer will not pay attentions to the component specifications. Component trust is another issue. Figure 7 Source: Google Images Functional and Non Functional Requirements Definitions adopted from lessons-from-history.com “A requirement specifies a function that a system or component must be able to perform.” “A non-functional requirement is a statement of how a system must behave, it is a constraint upon the systems behavior.” 3.1 Functional Requirements Allows user defined supplier types Allows unique supplier address and contact information for supplier corporate address, remit to address, and ship to address. Allow automatic backorders of inventory by super market Provides minimum and maximum receipt allowances by supplier Allows recording of last price paid for a product by supplier Supports online inquiry or report to compare actual vs. expected purchase costs Tracks supplier performance on late deliveries Tracks supplier performance on order fill rates Supports inventory specific unit of measures Supports basic Internet based purchasing functionality to supplier Monthly detail by cardholder customer and invoice Graphic trend charts by cardholder customer, cashier, product type, and others Supports sales analysis by product and supermarket Daily activity report by supermarket Print Inventory breakdown by supermarket Support Standard Report for Back Orders Support Standard Report for Inventory Adjustments Support Standard Report for Inventory Transactions Supports Stocking Specific Unit of Measures Supports Purchasing Specific Unit of Measures Supports Minimum and Maximum Stocking Levels by product number and super market Supports Safety Stock Calculations for Replenishments by product number and supermarket Manage interface to supplier Manage interface to Point of sale (POS) 3.1 Non-Functional Requirements Sufficient network bandwidth System accessibility System audit ability System configurability System backup System disaster recoverability System efficiency System extensibility System security System installation System main ability System testability System usability Robustness System performance ERD Diagram Figure 2 Inventory Management ERD by freesoftwarebusiness.com ( 2011) Figure 3 Inventory Management UML by inventory-system.com ( 2011) Project schedule chart See attached sheet for the Gantt chart. The below data is only there to explain the tasks in details. Task 1: System feasibility – Is Part of the SDLC, with the aim to determine whether it worthy to develop the system. It will be focusing on Technical, Economic, Operational and Schedule. According to the free dictionary.com (2011)” Technical Feasibility: does the technology exist to implement the proposed system? Is it a practical proposition? Economic Feasibility: is the system cost-effective? Do benefits outweigh costs? Operational Feasibility: are the current work practices and procedures adequate to support the new system? Schedule Feasibility: can the system be developed in time? “ Task 2: Software Plans and Requirements – Is part of the SDLC, with aim to gather requirements of the system (IMS) to be developed. Timeline is important but is difficult to predict as customer requirements can change anytime and it can cause delay. According to Wikipedia (2011) the following requirements are important. “Customer Requirements: Statements of fact and assumptions that define the expectations of the system in terms of mission objectives, environment, constraints by the customers. Functional requirements explain what has to be done by identifying the necessary task, action or activity that must be accomplished. Non-functional requirements are requirements that specify criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. Architectural requirements explain what has to be done by identifying the necessary system architecture of a system. “ Task 3: Software Design – Is part of the SDLC, which is a critical phase because, it determines the quality of the software. The requirements are mapped into the architecture, the coding of the system is performed, the interface between the subsystems is coded, the system is delivered or implemented and the system is operational and maintained. Architectural distribution, Platform, Hardware and software requirements Regarding the architecture distribution of the Inventory Management System a 3 tier approach should be adopted for the project, consisting of the client process, application and database server. The application server will also act as firewall, to restrict unauthorized access. This architecture is scalable and new servers can be added as the number of clients increase. According to Ian Sommerville (2007), the use of three-tier architecture allows the information transfer between the servers to be optimised and low level communication protocol between the systems can be used. “Applications where both the data and the application are volatile. Applications where the data from multiple sources are integrated” Client Request Application Server Reply Command Result Database Server 6.1 Client The minimum requirements are noted below. Platform: Windows XP Professional and above Hardware: Standard Computer: Processor 1.70 GHz and Above, RAM 512 MB, Hard Disk 20 GB, Keyboard ANY, Mouse ANY, Monitor ANY, CD ROM Drive Receipt Printers Cash Drawers Pole Displays/Customer Displays Magnetic Stripe Readers/ or chip reader Bar code scanner or reader Software: Microsoft word, excel, PowerPoint (standard), antivirus ect. 6.2 Application Server The minimum requirements are noted below. Platform: Windows Server 2008 Hardware: Processor 4 core, RAM 8 GB, 80 GB HD, Keyboard ANY, Mouse ANY, Monitor ANY, CD ROM Drive Software: Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Application Server role Web Server (IIS) role SQL Server 2008 Native Client Anti Virus 6.3 Database Server The minimum requirements are noted below. Platform: Windows Server 2008 Hardware: Processor 4 core, RAM 16 GB, 160 GB Hard drive SCSI, RAID 1, 1GB Ethernet card, Keyboard ANY, Mouse ANY, Monitor ANY, CD ROM Drive Software: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 SQL Server 2008 Native Client Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Application Server role Web Server (IIS) role SQL Database backup software Anti-virus Test plan for the system Testing may be easier on smaller portions of the system. Unit testing: Each module will be tested. Integration Testing: linking and testing new code with previous written code that has already been integrated. Function interface testing: Testing will be done at the different functions interfaces, as it’s a area that is prone to errors. System testing: The software is executed to find traces of defects, bugs and errors. This will intent help in grading the quality of the system

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