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Emergency Response System in the UK

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Emergency Response System in the UK. Emergency Response Systems in the United Kingdom By Khalil Jetha Emergency response protocol in the United Kingdom is unique, dependent on both the nature of the incident and the branch responding. The British police, whose existence spans hundreds of years, has streamlined emergency response using methods that incorporate the general public as well as a relatively new mode of operations which focuses on service orientation. In contrast, the specter of the privatization of healthcare services has driven British Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) to adopt a five-tiered system in order to maintain the smooth running of operations at the scene of major incidents. British policies are unique, catering to the ever-changing demands of a dynamic population. Incident response relies on the crisis response policies implemented; “simply put, the purpose of” British crisis response policies “are to help ensure the provision of effective and efficient crisis” service (Brock 1998, p. 46). All British crisis response involves a set system of application. The initial “crisis response task is for” authorities “to assess the impact of a given situation and determine if [their resources will be able to deal with the crisis” (Brock 1998, p. 94). Once the facts surrounding the crises are determined, the appropriate branches are then sent to the scene. Though policies and protocols exist to effectively approach urgent or compromising situations, the smooth running of operations is largely reliant upon an official government policy statement. While it serves to alleviate public concerns, “an important reason for developing a crisis response policy statement is to protect” public servants “from charges of negligence” (Brock 1998, p. 46). In the rush of incident response, operations at the scene are streamlined and practiced tirelessly; the most important aspects of incident response are those that allow emergency response officials to carry out the functions of their jobs. Educational programs and training regimens are required of all incident response teams. “Education and training helps instill in individuals the appropriate actions to take in different circumstances and mentally and physically prepares them to carry out” actions to ensure the smooth running of operations at the scene of a major incident (Davis 2003, p. 59). The many overlapping aspects of incident response duties among various departments necessitates a separation of duties and responsibilities; by establishing firmly the different responsibilities of incident response teams, the government enabled each sector to operate while minimizing legal liabilities in the course of action. The separation of responsibilities involves “sources of information shared among service departments” such as “police departments, coroner’s offices, fire departments, [and hospitals]” (Brock 1998, p. 47). Like incident response teams in most democracies, British incident response teams are subject to scrutiny from many angles as they are part of a larger bureaucracy at work. The British government not only delineates the duties to which a certain response team is obligated, but also restricts other teams from carrying out the duties of another team. All effective crisis response policy statements include components such as “a definition of what types of crisis situations will require a crisis response, a statement of official responsibilities during crisis response, and a statement of the government’s stance on crisis preparedness” (Brock 1998, p. 47). The most important systems are those that prevent the halt of incident response services, such as the establishment of public relations figures as well as figures who cater to the public both during and immediately following major incidents. Crisis response systems, after all, exist to respond both to “sudden and unexpected events” that “have the potential to affect a large number” of people’s “social and emotional well being” (Davis 2003, p. 38). Establishment of liaisons in public are key in the establishment of crisis response, as most emergencies also require “facilitating communication between” the public and official bodies (Brock 1998, p. 272). Such communication has proven to empower the public to take part in the workings that exist to protect them. One such case is the British police, whose centuries-old operations were redrawn in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to accommodate the changing needs of an increasingly diverse population. “As the twentieth century moved to a close the police were looming large in the national culture of the United Kingdom,” initially as figures on which the public could rely (Howell et al 1999, p. 207). The South Asian immigrant boom of the twentieth century caused rifts between the population and the police force. The majority of incidents reported were those of civil unrest, not criminal activity. Officers would respond who could do little, as their mode of operations did not accommodate for rioting or street violence. As a result, the standard of police services has drastically evolved since 1975, when “the public considered the UK police poor performers,” with surveys [recording] falling levels of public satisfaction with the police” (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Both native Britons and new immigrants were contemptuous of a police force they perceived to be inept and indifferent. The British police therefore were required to change the nature of incident operation from one of simple response to one of containment. The inabilities of the police in the 1970s not only disheartened many citizens, but also proliferated violence and criminal transgressions. A growing “number of incidents of public disorder during the late 1970s and early 1980s were interpreted as symptoms of a loss of confidence in the police” (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Change, however, did not come easily. The bureaucracies that served to protect law enforcement and other departments also stalled the evolution of police responsibilities and duties. Public intervention in the bureaucratic system for the most part hastened the facilitation of policy shift. In effect, the police developed a symbiotic relationship with the public, who revolutionized the police force; “communities [asked] for a more caring police [force],” one that operated more like a customer-service organization than a law enforcement agency (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Operations at emergency scenes therefore became one that necessitated public involvement, especially in matters of containment. The official British stance changed, as police officers became more empowered. Changing their duties and responsibilities (not to mention their mode of operations) was a compromising situation for politicians from all parts of the governmental spectrum. The growing frequency of civil unrest and public disorder changed reactionary protocol from one of practiced methodology to one of severe administration of personal infringement. Officers essentially “have different powers to restrict the liberty of citizens and different degrees of discretion with regard to how and when these powers can be exercised” (Tupman et al 1997, p. 17). With full knowledge of these new powers in mind, the political left and right-wing were further polarized as neither could decide what limitations, if any, were called for with the growing number of riots and hate crimes. It was the “inner-city riots of 1981” that prompted politicians to call “for new policing methods but, even as suggested reforms were being implemented, there were further scandals and increasingly political controversies” (Howell et al 1999, p. 208). Police duties and methodologies at the scenes of major events were called into question. The statute of containment superseded the statute of limitations previously set as “policing involves not only crime management (repression) but also order maintenance” (Tupman et al 1997, p. 27). Criminals were apprehended with no due process or formal charges levied against them, earning the police the widespread contempt of British citizenry; “at the very time when the public perceived that they were not being given effective protection against new classes of criminals, the police themselves seemed riddled with corruption and prone to conspire in ‘gross miscarriages of justice’” (Howell et al 1999, p. 208). As a result of media scrutiny and the police’s perennial existence in the public eye, the British government instituted a series of quality checks, rapidly and radically changing the face of emergency response. Quality checks have become a part of the British police force in order to ensure the smooth running of operations and the cooperation of the public in incident response. Public intervention caused an outcry among many law enforcement officials, who argued that the police existed outside the public in order to perform their duties unhindered by the public they were striving to protect. Many analysts countered, “arguing that the problem-oriented policing would answer many of the community concerns being raised by the changes in society, and would overcome the insular culture of the police” (Ebbe 2000, p. 158). Today, quality service checks and public involvement determines the course of police response methods and protocol. Quality checks prompt the police to change their mode of operations through “training, planning, and identifying” public needs (Ebbe 2000, p. 159). The police force’s involvement with the public is an exemplary incident displaying the operations that exist in order to better conform to the issues warranting emergency response. Perhaps most important are the functional areas of incident response that, along with bureaucratic requisite institutions, aid in retaining the efficacy of emergency response. The action of response is divided into five functional areas: “incident command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance” (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Delineated in Robert Worsing’s Rural Rescue and Emergency Care, the five areas are applicable in all aspects of emergency medical response. “All five functions” are implemented “in almost every rescue operation, though they may not be performed a s separate entities” (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Incident command serves as the operational head at the onset of every encounter, organizing and deploying response teams as deemed necessary. Operations serves to handle the physical protocol tailored to most every situation foreseeable, while planning handles workings with the city and different branches of government. Logistics and finance are incorporated at every turn, as both are immediately involved in the bureaucracies of incident response. Bureaucratic cooperation is essential in the sharing of information and the delegation of responsibility in all emergency response situations. Interdepartmental workings in both logistics and finance serve to better work in times of heightened stress. Often, “a system of mutual aid may be incorporated,” meaning “that different agencies or organizations may be preassigned [sic] to various functional areas” (Worsing 1993, p. 19). For example, a fire brigade may be sent to aid in emergencies when medical response resources may be depleted. The cross-assignment of duties relegated can prove to be a logistical nightmare, however. “One of the most common problems in emergency response occurs when more than one jurisdiction or agency is involved in an accident”; if more than one response team has the capability to treat an incident, logistics and operations cannot dictate and assign said duties as the departments have been separated for liability’s sake (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Policy shifts have allowed for “mutual aid agreements” to define “roles and responsibilities to minimize the potential for disagreements and problems,” speeding “the operational response to an incident” (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Ongoing bureaucratic reform ensures the smooth running of operations in incident response. These reforms and proposed changes in the policies of emergency response pose the potential to ensure furthered efficiency in incident response. Emergency medicine has the unique opportunity to contribute to health care and incident reform “by instituting a comprehensive and collaborative public health approach to emergency medicine” and incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). The British government ensures “that resources [are] available” to facilitate policy shifts in order to reform deficient aspects of medical incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). Incident response operations in the United Kingdom are heavily reliant on the bureaucracies that surround their workings. Most of the systems that enable them to carry out their daily functions are political in nature, as the five functional areas are reliant upon each other’s separation, regimentation, and cooperation in order to serve the public. Political action, not physical response, ensures the smooth execution of emergency care. Whether the police force, fire brigade, or EMT, incident response in the United Kingdom remains reliant upon the assurance of public and governmental intervention to preserve the nature and efficacy of incident response; what separates the United Kingdom from other countries is its citizen’s empowerment to become involved in the processes that develop emergency services. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernstein, Edward. (1996) Case Studies in Emergency Medicine and the Health of thePublic. Boston, JonesEmergency Response System in the UK
Support Group Reflection Journal.

I’m working on a nursing question and need an explanation to help me learn.

Homework: Observation of a Virtual OPEN AA/NA or any support group meetingUse the following link to find a virtual AA meeting that fits your schedule. Remember to only attend an OPEN meeting that is not for members only. You can also google search any other support group that interests you.https://aa-intergroup.org/oiaa/meetings/?types=OpenSupport Group Reflection Journal: Answer the following questions in a Word Document 1. What did you discover that you did not know about the support group? 2. What did you learn about the group you attended and how do you feel about it? 3. How is this experience helping you learn about nursing care of people with mental health challenges? 4. Describe something you saw that troubled you and how do you think it could have been handled? 5. Was there something you noticed that will impact on your nursing career? Describe.
Support Group Reflection Journal

AHS Wk 7 Power in the Landscape & Social Change Geographies of Memories Discussion.

Geographies of Memory: Power in the Landscape and Social Change Read: o Confederate Statues and the Unjust Geography of Memory https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-28/confederate-monuments-and-the-unjust-geography-of-memory o Taking Down Its ‘Own Monuments’ Sierra Club Assesses the Racism of John Muir https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/22/894188718/taking-down-its-own-monuments-sierra-club-assesses-the-racism-of-john-muir o McKinley statue in the LA Times https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-native-american-statue-removal-20180401-story.html Write::you are asked to write a one-page, single-spaced (450-500+ words) journal entry consisting of: 1. Summary::What are the main ideas from each of the materials? How do they relate thematically? Keep this concise (don’t feel like you have to include all the details, what’s the big picture?) yet comprehensive (explicitly include and connect each of the materials). 2. Personal Reflection::What did you think of the topics/themes/ideas from the materials? What stood out to you? What was new and/or interesting? What didn’t resonate? 3. Question(s) As you engaged with these materials, what questions arose for you? Include them (at least one) at the end of your journal entry. (Try to avoid a simple yes/no question or something you could easily look up – let your questions be something that could prompt discussion).
AHS Wk 7 Power in the Landscape & Social Change Geographies of Memories Discussion

CJA 474 UOP Off the Rails a Troubled Criminal Justice Agency Case Study.

Assignment ContentRead the scenario, Off the Rails: A Troubled Criminal Justice Agency.Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper assessing the situation at the detention center. Include a discussion of the following questions:
How does the lack of leadership from the chief executive affect an organization? Can other sources provide leadership?Who are constituents of the detention center? How are they affected by the situation?What is the result when supervisors focus on process instead of people?What trends found in Ch. 3 of Managing Police Organizations should the detention center embrace? How would you go about implementing them?What does the research on leadership described in Ch. 7 of Criminal Justice Organizations suggest needs to change at the detention center? What attributes of leaders is suggested?Include at least one scholarly source in addition to the textbook.Format your paper according to APA guidelines.
CJA 474 UOP Off the Rails a Troubled Criminal Justice Agency Case Study

SOWK 6121 wk7 planning a group

SOWK 6121 wk7 planning a group. I’m trying to learn for my Social Science class and I’m stuck. Can you help?

For this Assignment, review the “Petrakis Family” case history and video session.
In a 3- to 4-page paper, describe a treatment group that would help Helen Petrakis in one of the following areas: (a) caregiving, (b) sandwich generation, (c) serving as a family member of an individual with addiction.

Review and briefly summarize the literature about the social issue that is the focus of your group (caregiving, sandwich generation, or addictions).
Write a plan that includes the following elements:

Type of treatment group
Purpose of the group
Membership
Method to recruit
Composition
Size
Open/closed
Monitoring

SOWK 6121 wk7 planning a group

Theory of Second Best Term Paper

assignment writing services Table of Contents Introduction Theory of Second Best Trade Barriers between Turkey and the EU Non-Economic Issues Conclusion References Introduction The European Union (EU) integration has been a long process coming and so far, it has incorporated a lot of countries. EU integration is centered on political, legal and economic integration but some countries are seen to integrate even on a social and cultural front. European integration has majorly been forged on geographical regions such as the Baltic region, Low Countries region, black sea region, British Aisles, central Europe, and the Nordic region (Euractv 2011). Recently, Turkey has tried to join the EU but there seems to be significant concerns about its ability to smoothly integrate into the union. This process started in the late 80s because Turkey has historically been an associate member of the European Union, Council of Europe, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Western European Union and other similar unions across Europe (Euractv 2011). Turkey’s integration with the UE can be traced back to its signing of a Customs Union agreement with the EU, in 1995, which has been followed by negotiations between the Union and the country years later. However, the process of integration is estimated to last a decade because of the logistics and other underlying concerns between the two parties (Euractv 2011). Nonetheless, once the process is completed, Turkey is expected to be the biggest beneficiary. This study seeks to analyze Turkey’s integration capability with the EU through the second best theory that analyzes optimal conditions to be met between two parties before economic satisfaction can be attained (Lipsey 1956, p. 11). This theory will be useful in analyzing Turkey’s integration into the EU because over the past few years, there have been increased concerns by some EU members of the country’s ability to smoothly integrate with the other EU members but more concern has also been voiced regarding the country’s impact on EU’s expansion (Euractv 2011). Theory of Second Best The theory of Second best was developed by Richard Lipsey and it establishes the variables to be considered before economic optimality is attained (Suranovic 2009, p. 1). At the basic core of this theory is the assumption that if one variable does not meet economic optimality, then other variables (not considered to affect optimality) may have to be changed to create a general, optimal economic environment (Lipsey 1956, p. 11). This assumption creates a number of problems in the economy because if one variable of the economy is corrected by another variable from another economic sector, the chances that economic efficiency will be attained are low. Though not practically evidenced, two imperfect variables in the economy should be left to cancel each other. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More This observation has often led many governments to undertake fiscal and monetary policies which are out of the ordinary and in research circles, more caution has been directed at economists to analyze the theory-based conclusion that when one sector of the economy is improved, the likelihood of the entire economy improving is high (Lipsey 1956, p. 11). The theory of second best has been applied to international integration from the premise that international economic integration is in itself a second best solution (Lipsey 1956, p. 11). This fact is true because the theory of second best solution narrates the different stages of integration (for instance through an abolishment of economic tariffs, non-tariff barriers and the likes) (Bohm 1987, p. 280). The second best theory is normally compared to the first best solution (free trade) which is normally evidenced when economic integration ultimately results in political integration (this is the situation evidenced to have led to the European Union integration in 1999) (Lipsey 1956, p. 11). However, the first best solution does not exist in any country because no single economic integration has led to political integration yet. For instance, though the EU exists, all the member countries still hold on to their nationalistic identities. The second best theory specifically applies to Turkey’s integration process because there have been a number of concerns regarding Turkey’s population, Economy, relations with other EU members, and its effects on the EU. These concerns are voiced as some of the major factors bound to lead to the lack of economic efficiency upon integration. When analyzed according to the second best theory, the above factors are likely to shift the economic equilibrium expected to be derived from the Turkey-EU integration. These factors can be easily summarized as the trade barriers between Turkey and the EU. Trade Barriers between Turkey and the EU Trade barriers between Turkey and the EU are summed up as the variable elements leading to economic inefficiency. The first major barrier between Turkey’s integration with the EU is that Turkey’s population will give it a majority number of members in the European parliament. It is estimated that since the country has more than 70 million people, the country’s number of members of the European parliament will be the second highest (World Bank 2006). In fact, it is said that Turkey’s number of members of European parliament will surpass Germany’s (The Economist 2007). Concern is also registered regarding the country’s impact on the future expansion of the EU because it will significantly limit the number of nations that can join the EU. We will write a custom Term Paper on Theory of Second Best specifically for you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More concern has also been voiced on the number of inhabitants Turkey’s integration into the EU is going to bring because the country has a very large population which is more than 5% of EU’s population and therefore, the current state of affairs in the EU is going to be changed (The Economist 2007). Moreover, there is more concern over the shift in balance of trade that EU’s integration will bring to Turkey, considering some of its major export and import partners are already members of the EU (People’s Daily 2008). In addition, Turkey does not share a cordial relation with some EU member states such as Cyprus and Greece because of historical conflicts and therefore, objection is likely to be registered by these countries (Daily Telegraph 2010). Turkey’s geographic location has also been voiced as one of the disadvantages or limitation to its integration with the EU because it has been compared to Morocco that has been denied membership to the EU on geographical grounds (The Economist 2007). Turkey’s geographical intrusion into the EU is estimated at only 3% of the European Union’s geography and it is feared that if the country is allowed into the EU, it will provide grounds for other countries (out of EU’s geography) to apply for membership. Turkey’s customs barriers have also hindered its integration, or ability to trade with other countries, not only in EU but also in the rest of the world. Conventionally, Turkey’s custom laws have hindered the resale or return of goods to third parties or exporters. Moreover, the custom laws of the country bear strict penalties of noncompliance that scares aware traders, most of the time (China.org 2011, p. 1). More importantly, Chinese exporters have had a problem with such laws because they have incurred several financial losses as a result and they have equally spent countless months in the courts solving trade disputes arising from the customs regulations (China.org 2011, p. 1). According to the second best theory, the custom laws of the country fail to realize the optimal economic condition of the country’s import and export trade because the financial loss and legal costs associated with solving disputes arising from such custom laws beats the economic advantage of trading with Turkey in the first place. According to the second best theory, the substitution of one economic advantage with another is likely to result in economic problems that are bound to affect the overall economic efficiency of a nation in the long run. To affirm this relationship, Turkey’s population, production capacity, fertile land, and demand have increasingly been cited by proponents of its integration with the EU that it will substitute the disadvantages the country poses to the EU (Öymen 1999). Not sure if you can write a paper on Theory of Second Best by yourself? We can help you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, these proponents have often cited Turkey’s military power as one of the advantages Turkey brings to the EU because it will position the EU as a global geostrategic player in the world, considering it has the second largest military force in NATO (Öymen 1999). Also, the extent to which Turkey produces its goods and services is deemed one of the highest in the world because of the fact that it has the 15th largest economy in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) (and a very high economic growth rate as well) (The World Bank 2010). The economic growth rate has been further spurred by the fact that the country is slowly divesting its economy from its traditional agricultural backbone that until 2009 constituted approximately 9% of the total country’s GDP (CIA World Fact book 2009). The following graphs best portray Turkey’s economic competitiveness These positive economic facts about Turkey have been advanced by proponents of its integration as beneficial to the EU. These economic pluses have made Turkey stand out as a very competitive economy. However, the positive attributes of the country over its barriers to trade still leaves a lot of concern in the eyes of proponents of the second best theory (based on the false assumption that a substitution of one sector of the economy over another is likely to create an economic balance). However, when focusing on the country’s supply and demand, it should be understood that Turkeys’ supply and demand significantly affects its exports and imports and in the same manner, it affects its ability to trade with existing EU members because it already has a solid relationship with some of its members (with regards to demand and supply or export and imports) (People’s Daily 2008). The above factors are summed up in the second best option theory as the elements leading to economic inefficiency when Turkey integrates with the EU. In a more comprehensive manner, the above elements are likely to cause an economic equilibrium in the EU. Non-Economic Issues Turkey’s women rights have been cited as one of the impediments to its integration with the EU because it has had a history of suppressing human rights (European Parliament 2007). For instance, Turkey has been cited to have only given women the right to vote in 1930 and even though women rights have been expanded, the country has yet to cover ground on the implementation of the reforms (European Parliament 2007). The country’s religious makeup has also been frowned upon by most EU nations because there is fear that Turkey’s large Muslim population is going to lead to an increased immigration of Muslim inhabitants into the EU and this is likely to cause serious security threats (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. State Dept 2006). Lastly, the country’s article 301 that governs censorship laws in Turkey has often been cited by EU members that it is repugnant to the spirit of the EU. Article 301 states that: “a person who publicly insults the Turkish nation, the State of the Republic of Turkey, or the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, shall be punishable by imprisonment of between six months and two years…..expressions of thought intended to criticize shall not constitute a crime” (BBC 2005, p. 1). These non-economic factors have been identified to cause a lot of jitters to some EU members, thereby making them oppose Turkey’s integration into the EU. According to the second best theory, these factors still constitute reasons likely to lead to economic equilibrium in the EU. Conclusion This study analyses Turkey’s integration with the EU in the context of the second best theory and it establishes that though Turkey poses significant challenges and advantages to the EU, the advantages it poses to the EU cannot be substituted with its disadvantages to create economic equilibrium. Moreover, from a general assessment of the impediments to Turkey’s integration with the EU, we can see that Turkey poses more disadvantages to its integration than its advantages. Comprehensively, Turkey provides a good analysis of the second best theory, considering its economic challenges and consequent fears regarding the economic equilibrium shift it is likely to bring if it joins the EU. References BBC. (2005) Turkey’s Insult Laws Maybe Dumped. Web. Bohm, P. (1987). Second Best. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, 4, 280 – 84. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. State Dept. (2006) International Religious Freedom Report. Web. China.org. (2011) Tariff and Tariff Administrative Measures. Web. CIA World Fact book. (2009) Turkey. Web. Daily Telegraph. (2010) Greece Calls On Turkey To Pull Out Of Cyprus. Web. Euractv. (2011) EU-Turkey Relations. Web. European Parliament. (2007) Women’s Rights in Turkey: Meps Say Improvements Still Needed. Web. Lipsey, R. (1956) The General Theory of Second Best. The Review of Economic Studies, 24(1), 11–32. Öymen, O. (1999) Turkey: My Country

Research in Information Systems Related to 4Ir Essay

Research in Information Systems Related to 4Ir Essay.

I’m working on a article writing report and need support to help me study.

This assessment task will expose you to recent research in Information Systems related to 4IR (e.g. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Cloud Computing etc.) and their role in coping with the speed, scope, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this task, you are asked to write a report (5-6 pages) about 3 4IR technologies that currently been used to fight COVID-19 pandemic. You will read and summarise the content of online websites as well as 2-3 recent published articles.undefined
Research in Information Systems Related to 4Ir Essay

observation collaboration

Observation Go to a public place and observe the people there for 25 minutes. What are the details of the location? Describe the general context (time of day, lighting, sounds, vibe/energy, etc.). Describe the people around you and their sociodemographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, gender/sex, socioeconomic status, etc.).  Please contact your instructor if you have questions or concerns about visiting a public setting or need to discuss other accommodations. Norms Identify two or more social norms that people engaged in at the public place. A norm is a social rule. There are many norms that help to frame how we are supposed to behave in our daily lives, one example is gender norms (what are social rules we follow to ‘be masculine’ and to ‘be feminine’); another example is standing in line (consider what would happen if you cut everyone in line at 8am in a Starbucks?).  Also consider any norm-breaking behavior that you observe. Concepts How do these norms you observed in the scene fit with sociological concepts and theories we’ve learned so far in class? Some examples of sociological concepts we’ve learned about so far include gender roles and emotional labor. (What is a “sociological concept?” They are all the concepts we’ve been learning each week in our course materials such as “socialization,” “norms” and “folkways.”) Reflection Reflect on your experience. How was this observing others through a sociological lens different from when you’ve “people watched” in the past? What perspectives do you think a sociologist can bring to our understanding of everyday human behavior? Engagement  In any public scene, all of us will notice different things, and find different observations important or unimportant. In your peer responses, help one another identify sociodemographic characteristics, social norms, or sociological concepts that the classmate may not have noticed. Consider helping one another notice common themes in the types of public places you choose and your observations of people in those scenes. Writing Skills