1. Discuss the difficulties in measuring the intelligence of machines.2. In 2017, McKinsey & Company created a five-part video titled “Ask the AI Experts: What Advice Would You Give to Executives About AI?” View the video (Ask the AI experts: What advice would you give to executives about AI? – YouTube) and summarize the advice given to the major issues discussed. (Note: This is a class project.)3. Watch the McKinsey & Company video (3:06 min.) on today’s drivers of AI at youtube.com/ watch?v=yv0IG1D-OdU (Ask the AI experts: What’s driving today’s progress in AI? – YouTube) and identify the major AI drivers. Write a report.4. Explore the AI-related products and services of Nuance Inc. (nuance.com). Explore the Dragon voice recognition product. References: At least three peer-reviewed, scholarly journal references. Just make sure your answers fall within the minimal word-count and covered the question expectation Chapter 2 in Analytics, Data Science & Artificial Intelligence
Campbellsville University Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Discussion
Impact of the Mechanical Reaper
The reaping machine commonly referred to as the mechanical reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick and Obed Hussey in 1833 and 1834. It followed a major pattern for its uses in the harvesting of wheat and other small grains as well as grasses. The invention of the mechanical reaper drastically changed the lives and yields of grain farmers. In regards to the eventual success and large effect of the reaping machine, the historians usually ask themselves why the machines take too long to be accepted despite its invention in 1833. The first machines that Obed Hussey invented were adopted in the mid-1850’s. Why wasn’t a machine which could substantially increase productivity immediately adopted? Wouldn’t it have increased farmer’s profits during the 1830s and 1840s? Why do we see mass adoption across farms of all sizes in the 1850s? What changes during the 1850s and how does it lead to widespread adoption. What models explain the theory observed pattern of the adoption and what critical assumption must be made? What evidence does Olmstead and Rhode offer to support or justify this assumption? These are significant historical questions that this paper will attempt to answer. Drawing from Olmstead (1975), during the 1830s, there never existed technological machines that promoted productivity. Thus, the mechanical reaper could not be rented or shared between farmers. It looked like it was a personal capital investment and the farmers acted as if they were the productivity maximizers. The farmers assumed that their judgments as to the number of acres of land to plant small grains were autonomous of the reaper[1]. Taking into account these assumptions as well as the knowledge of the costs, the time that the farmers could adopt the machines was predicted 21years, which was similar to twenty-one acres of land. The threshold was five years. From the time the first machine was sold; 1833, the gap fell between 1854-1857. It was the period the gap between the actual and threshold acreage fell for the diffusion of the reaper in the mid-1850’s. If the reaper had been adopted in the 1830s and 1840s, it would not have benefited the farmers because many of them practiced small-scale farming. Indeed, during this time, mechanization was expensive. The relative costs of the reaper did not correspond to the capital scarcity, meaning that the cost of the reaper restricted the adoption of the reaper in the 1830s and 1840s[2] After the adoption of the mechanical reapers in the 1850s, farmers realized that the first areas that the reaper was established were developing more than other areas. As a result, farmers started replacing their machines with the mechanical reaper. The significant of cooperation increased. There were relative benefits for the farmers who adopted the reaper. The great sharing of the mechanization in the 1850s was a great contribution that helped farmers who adopted the machines to increase their productivity. During this period, the labor market was scarce in agricultural regions. The farmers turned to mechanization for labor, thus contributing to the adoption of the reapers in the 1850s. The capital required for the adoption of the reaper was scarce and beyond individual farmers. Many small farmers could not meet the expense of many animals such as four horses for farming. So, the only solution was to jointly come together and solve these challenges. The small farmers came to join to share the cost of mechanization, which also promoted the adoption of the reaper. Progressively, farmers accumulated the required capital and increased their acreage in small grains due to the fact that they could access the reaper. As a result, the need for sharing declined and the adoption of the Reaper continued. The best model to explain the adoption of the mechanical reaper is the “threshold model” by Paul David. The model assumes that the farmers maximized their profits, the reapers could not be shared, the farm acre increased with time and the productivity of the acre did not depend on the farm size[3]. This model is made to compare two distinct production techniques. It works from the statement that given the competitive markets, the individual producers will choose the technique that gives comparatively greater cost saving. It is what applied to the adoption of the mechanical reaper. During the 1830s-1840s, farmers opted to use animals and human hands because they engaged in small farming. The cost of purchasing the mechanical reaper was higher than using animals and human hands. There was also no sharing of cost among the farmers. Nevertheless, during the 1850s the demand for labor increased as farmers started large-scale farming. There was a need for cooperative sharing of the cost of the reaper as it was expensive to use animals for harvesting small grains. So, the only option for these farmers was to adopt the mechanization of the reaper. Drawing from Clarke (2002), the “threshold model” offers the conceptual platform for examining the cost determinant of technological diffusion. Indeed, through the assumptions of fairness asserted by Olmstead and Rhode, people maximize their profits through the budgetary constraints[4]. It is what justify and support their claim about the adoption of the reaper. If these farmers could have adopted the reaper during the 1830s-1840s, they could not maximize their profits because it would have increased their budget. The cost of the machine was high, and they maximized profits independently. The best time for the adoption of the reaper was the 1850s because the demand for labor was high and the farmers had increased their acreage for farming. Work Cited Clarke, Sally H. Regulation, and the Revolution in the United States farm productivity. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Olmstead, Alan L. “The mechanization of reaping and mowing in American agriculture, 1833-1870.” Journal of Economic History (1975): 327-352. [1] Olmstead, Alan L. “The mechanization of reaping and mowing in American agriculture, 1833-1870.” Journal of Economic History (1975): 327-352. [2] Olmstead, Alan L. “The mechanization of reaping and mowing in American agriculture, 1833-1870.” Journal of Economic History (1975): 327-352 [3] Clarke, Sally H. Regulation and the Revolution in the United States farm productivity. Cambridge University Press, 2002. [4] Olmstead, Alan L. “The mechanization of reaping and mowing in American agriculture, 1833-1870.” Journal of Economic History (1975): 327-352.
Metacommentaries in “Nuclear Waste” by Richard A. Muller Essay
essay help online free Metacommentaries make discussion of any problem more individual, it helps to make sure that the problem is dwelt upon from personal point of view and that the teller does not want to sound too publicly and expresses only is/her own opinion. The metacommentaries are aimed at helping the teller not only to express his/her personal opinion but also to make sure that the audience has correctly understood what has already been said. Reading the article Nuclear Waste by Richard A. Muller, it is possible to come across a number of different metacommentaries used by the author with the purpose to make sure that the readers can correctly understand the reasons of the elaborated information and make sure that the data presented in the discussion is valid but with the shade of personal meaning. Reading the article, it should be mentioned that the author does not use metacommentaries too often. The article is divided into two parts, the first part offers the facts about nuclear wastes, danger of fossil fuel plants and the places where wastes are stored. Even though the author tries to sound firm and offers just statistical information and facts, he is unable to express the ideas without metacommentaries. The main idea of the most metacommentaries in this part is to orient the readers to the information which is important, is to help explain the idea by means of the examples and to stress on the most important aspects of the discussion. The second part of the article is more important and contains more metacommentaries as the author expresses his personal opinion. Moreover, this is not just the point of view, this is the confession and the writer does not just dwells upon personal opinion, he tries to make the reader understand why such particular actions were taken. It should be mentioned that the number and the strength of the facts depends on the problem. Nuclear wastes and the confession of the person who worked with those wastes may arouse great deal of discussion and controversial ideas. That is why the author tries to be delicate and to support all the facts of dangerous storing with the explanation and metacommentaries aimed at explaining the previous ideas or introducing the following ones. Reading the article, I met several rhetoric questions which may be referred to as metacommentaries. The rhetoric questions do not expect from the readers to try to find the answers. Vice versa, the author asks those rhetoric questions to give the reader the answers but in the way to make sure that the reader believes in his/her personal ability to have this point. The author also uses the confirmation of facts as the convincing method. Get your 100% original paper on any topic done in as little as 3 hours Learn More For example, writing “of course, calling storage unacceptable is itself an unacceptable answer”, Richard A. Muller in his Nuclear Waste just wants to say that he does not search for justification of the actions which were predominantly wrong, but using this phrase he tries to explain the reader what caused the actions and which conclusions were drawn before storing the wastes. Therefore, it may be concluded that there are a lot of different ways of expressing personal opinion and proving the ideas. The use of metacommentaries does not fulfill the speech with the facts and profound information, this form of speech just helps to express the facts in order to make sure that they are understood in the correct way.
Economic Impact of Migration to Households
1.1. Motivations for the Study Migration as family strategy bring many benefits and consequences to the livelihood of migrant at destination and family left behind at origin. For migrants in destination, labour-market assimilation, is one of the factors that affect the gain of migration. For an urban area as destination, rural to urban migration result in urbanization and it contributes to the unbalanced distribution of the population in urban and increases disparities between rural and urban areas (Lall et al, 2006). For family left behind, remittances also bring many benefits such as an increase in family income, ease credit constraint and reduce risk and volatility, promote productive investment in physical and human capital, but also bring many consequences such as the potential losses of income and family disruption associated with migrants’ absences from their family and communities. Therefore, proposed study will investigate the pattern of migration in Indonesia. Investigation will address the impact of migration to migrants as well as household sending migrants. Several justifications will be addressed regarding Indonesia as a study case. First, Indonesia has long experience of transmigration and rural to urban migration. Migration to cities are relatively an unconstrained process in this country. It is urbanising and it is estimated that more than 60 percent of rural labour force will migrate to urban areas of Indonesia (Meng
The Learning Landscape of Learning Has Changed
How has your district, school, or classroom changed to align with societal shifts? Where is improvement warranted? If change has been slow, where will you begin? What types of technology have been adopted in your school or district? Has it been successful in improving learning outcomes? Why or why not? Video link: Want to get — and stay — employed through 2030? 10 jobs to consider | (ted.com) Integrate the following video into your narrative noting your support or lack of support for the concept AND justify your stance